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258 results for “Frasnian”
Fig. 9 in Early Frasnian acanthodians from central Iran
Fig. 9. Diplacanthid acanthodian Milesacanthus sp. aff. M. antarctica Young and Burrow, 2004 from early Frasnian, horizon GI4 of an unnamed formation in the Chahriseh section, Kaftari Mt., central Iran. Photomicrographs of thin sections of flank scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and vertical transverse (B) sections. A. Thin section LIGG 3800. Structure of syncitial mesodentine with mainly upwardly directed dentine tubules in the upper crown part, unbranched ascending vascular canals in the lower crown part, and numerous elongated?vascular canals and Sharpey's fibres piercing an acellular bone in scale base. B. Thin section LIGG 3801. B1, ascending, radial and?pore canals of the neck area, knot of canals in primordial zone, and small?vascular canals in an acellular bone of base, all exposed in a section made through the anterior, most ridged crown part; B2, positioning of fungal hyphae of a magnified area in the upper right corner of crown of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Fig. 8 in Early Frasnian acanthodians from central Iran
Fig. 8. Diplacanthid acanthodian Milesacanthus sp. aff. M. antarctica Young and Burrow, 2004 from early Frasnian, horizon GI4 of an unnamed formation in the Chahriseh section, Kaftari Mt., central Iran. A. AEU 311. B AEU 312. C. AEU 313. SEM micrographs of flank scales in three positions respectively, in crown (A1, B1, C1), basal (A2, B2, C2), and postero−lateral (A3, B3, C3) views. In A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2, anterior is upward.
Fig. 7 in Early Frasnian acanthodians from central Iran
Fig. 7. Climatiid acanthodian Nostolepis sp. cf. N. gaujensis Valiukevičius, 1998 from early Frasnian, horizon GI4 of an unnamed formation in the Chahriseh section, Kaftari Mt., central Iran. Photomicrographs of vertical transverse sections of specialised scales from the lateral sensory line. A. Thin section LIGG 3816. A1, general view of a scale sectioned through the central base part and showing growth characters; A2, the anterior, left part of the same scale at higher magnification exposing distribution of densely cellular mesodentine and stranggewebe in growth zones of crown, and structure of adjacent base part showing large numbers of osteocytes and long Sharpey's fibre bundles. B. Thin section LIGG 3817. B1, structure of odontocytic mesodentine in the anterior crown part; B2, finely networked mesodentine incorporating densely concentrated osteocytes in growth zones of crown, at high magnification. C. Thin section LIGG 3818 showing general view (C1) and a small portion of the short−lacunal stranggewebe developed in the crown amongst the odontocytic mesodentine (at higher magnification, C2) characteristic of most of the crown. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Early Frasnian acanthodians from central Iran
Fig. 2. Simplified stratigraphic column of the Chahriseh area with a magnification of the basal Frasnian deposits and position of acanthodian−bearing horizons H1 and GI4.
Fig. 6 in Early Frasnian acanthodians from central Iran
Fig. 6. Climatiid acanthodian Nostolepis sp. cf. N. gaujensis Valiukevičius, 1998 from early Frasnian, horizon GI4 of an unnamed formation in the Chahriseh section, Kaftari Mt., central Iran. Photomicrographs of thin sections of flank scales. Vertical longitudinal sections (A, B) and vertical transverse section (C) of the central part of scales. A. Thin section LIGG 3795. A1, structure of?orthodentine in the outer layers and odontocytic mesodentine in the inner parts of growth lamellae in crown anteriorly (left part); A2, magnified area of the anterior crown part exposing unipolar, more outwardly−oriented dentine tubules emanating from large, rounded odontocytes. B. Thin section LIGG 3796. B1, scale exposing cellular bone in base, portions of?orthodentine and stranggewebe tissues respectively in the anterior and posterior crown parts; B2, orientation of elongated osteocyte cells along the growth lines in the apex of base, and probably stranggewebe at the base/crown junction, at higher magnification; B3, magnified part of the anterior crown with the orthodentine−like tissue. C. Thin section EUIV 412 showing a dense lamellarity of cellular bone in scale base with plenty of osteocytes, stranggewebe in the lower crown, and partly bush−like odontocytic mesodentine in the outer parts of growth zones in crown. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Fig.1 in Early Frasnian acanthodians from central Iran
Fig.1. Map of Iran (A) and close−up of the Chahriseh area showing location of the Kaftari Mountain section (B).
Fig. 3 in Early Frasnian acanthodians from central Iran
Fig. 3. Climatiid acanthodian Iranolepis ginteri gen. et sp. nov. from early Frasnian, horizon GI4 of an unnamed formation in the Chahriseh section, Kaftari Mt., central Iran. SEM micrographs of flank scales. A. Holotype, AEU 301 in crown (A1, anterior upward), basal (A2, anterior upward), and lateral (A3, anterior to right) views. B. AEU 302 in crown (B1) and basal (B2) views. C. AEU 303 in crown view. In B1, B2, and C anterior is upward.
Fig. 16 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 16. Transverse sections of Emanuella aff. takwanensis (Kayser, 1883); all specimens are from sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian. A–D. Sections at various distances from the ventral apex of specimens PUM05042~PUM05045; acetate peel numbers: 05J, 05G, 05I, and 05H respectively. E. Transverse serial sections of specimen PUM05046, acetate peel number: 05F; numbers refer to approximate distance in mm from the ventral apex.
Fig. 13 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 13. Transverse serial sections of Cyrtospirifer cf. sichuanensis Chen, 1978; Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian. Numbers refer to distance in mm from the ventral apex. A. Specimen PUM05035, numbers 1–3 on the lateral profile indicate the first three sections at ~1.0, ~2.0, 3.1 mm; acetate peel number: 05C, sample QZQ1. B. Specimen PUM05036, acetate peel number: 05E, sample QZQ1.
Fig. 12. A in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 12. A. Sinal plication pattern of Cyrtospirifer cf. sichuanensis Chen, 1978, specimen illustrated on Fig. 11F. B. Sinal plication pattern of Cyrtospirifer? sp., specimen illustrated on Fig. 11C.
Fig. 10 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 10. The spinatrypinae brachiopods from the Early and Middle Frasnian of the Caiziyan and Qiziqiao sections. A, B. Spinatrypina douvillei (Mansuy, 1912). A. PUM05018, sample GC21–24, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view of an exfoliated specimen on slab. B. PUM05019, sample GC21–24, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view of another exfoliated specimen on slab. C–G. Spinatrypa subkwangsiensis (Tien, 1938) Group B. C. PUM05020, sample QZQ1–3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal view of an exfoliated specimen on slab. D. PUM05021, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, dorsal (D1), lateral (D2), ventral (D3), posterior (D4), and anterior (D5) views of an adult(?), note spiny bases and broken spines. E. PUM05022, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, posterior (E1), anterior (E2), ventral (E3), dorsal (E4), and lateral (E5) views of another adult (?) with a well preserved foramen bounded by a pair of conjunct deltidial plates at the bottom. F. PUM05023, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, dorsal (F1), ventral (F2), lateral (F3), posterior (F4), anterior (F5), and enlarged area (F6) views of a juvenile with a well preserved foramen bounded by a pair of conjunct deltidial plates at the bottom. G. PUM05024, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, anterior (G1), posterior (G2), dorsal (G3), ventral (G4), and lateral (G5) views of another juvenile. H–I. Spinatrypina lungkouchungensis (Tien, 1938). H. PUM05025, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, ventral view, specimen is on slab. I. PUM05026, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (I1), lateral (I2), ventral (I3), and anterior (I4) views of a juvenile.
Fig. 11 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 11. Plicate spiriferid brachiopods from the Frasnian of the Qiziqiao and Qifengzhen sections. A. Theodossia? sp. PUM05027, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably early Late Frasnian (cardinal extremities somewhat broken), ventral (A1), area (A2), and lateral (A3) views of a ventral valve. B–D. Cyrtospirifer? sp. B. PUM05028, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (B1), posterior (B2), ventral (B3), lateral (B4), and anterior (B5) views of a juvenile. C. PUM05029, sample QZQ1, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, posterior (C1), lateral (C2), anterior (C3), dorsal (C4), and ventral (C5) views, note the thick shell material. D. PUM05030, sample QZQ1–3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, ventral interior (D1), lateral (D2), and ventral exterior (D3) views, note thickened ventral posterior. E, F. Cyrtospirifer cf. sichuanensis Chen in Xu et al. (1978). E. PUM05031, dorsal view of a heavily exfoliated specimen of sample GQ6 of the Qifengzhen section in the vicinity of Guilin, about 17 m above the base of the "Gubi Formation" (Zhong et al. 1992). F. PUM05032, sample QZQ1, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, ventral view of an entirely exfoliated specimen. G. Cyrtospirifer cf. extensa Ching et Liu in Wang et al. 1982; PUM05033, sample QZQ1, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian (cardinal extremities somewhat broken), anterior (G1), dorsal (G2), ventral (G3), lateral (G4), and posterior (G5) views. H. Pyramidaspirifer cf. helenae (Fenton, 1918); PUM05034, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably early Late Frasnian, dorsal (H1), ventral (H2), lateral (H3), area (H4), and anterior (H5) views of a slightly distorted shell.
Fig. 9 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 9. Transverse serial sections of Desquamatia qiziqiaoensis sp. nov. Specimen PUM05017 (24.3 mm wide, 24.6 mm long, and 11.8 mm thick), acetate peel number: 05B, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian. Numbers refer to distance in mm from the ventral apex.
Fig. 7 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 7. Photographs of acetate peels of Desquamatia cf. kimberleyensis (Coleman, 1951) from the Middle Frasnian of the Panxi section, PUM05008, sample PY4 (same specimen as Fig. 5C). A. Left side at 0.8 mm. B. Left inner socket ridge at 2.2 mm showing combed knots (traces of muscle attachment?). C. Left tooth and socket at 3.2 mm.
Fig. 8 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 8. Atrypid Desquamatia qiziqiaoensis sp. nov. from the Middle Frasnian of the Panxi and Qiziqiao sections. A. PUM05012, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), posterior (A3), anterior (A4), and lateral (A5) views showing the general shape of a silicified specimen, 22.2 mm wide, 20.6 mm long, 12.9 mm thick. B. PUM05013, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, ventral view showing nature of ribbing and concentric growth lamellae of a non−silicified specimen, 19.9 mm wide, 19.3 mm long, 11.8 mm thick. C. PUM05014 (holotype), sample QZQ1–3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (C1), ventral (C2), lateral (C3), posterior (C4), and anterior (C5) views. D. PUM05015, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, posterior (D1), anterior (D2), dorsal (D3), ventral (D4), and lateral (D5) views. E. PUM05016, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (E1, E5), ventral (E2, E7), posterior (E3), anterior (E4), and lateral (E6) views.
Fig. 6 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 6. Transverse serial sections of Desquamatia cf. kimberleyensis (Coleman, 1951), PUM05008, sample PY4, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, specimen figured in Fig. 5C. Acetate peel number: 05A. Numbers refer to distance in mm from the ventral apex.
Fig. 4 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 4. Strophomenid and rhynchonellid brachiopods from the Early and Middle Frasnian of the Panxi and Caiziyan sections. A. Sulcatostrophia? bunapica Veevers, 1959a, PUM05001, sample PY5, Panxi section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), area (A3) views, and enlargement of framed area in image A1 (A4). B. Phlogoiderhynchus squamosus (Wang, 1956), PUM05002, sample PY3, Panxi section, Early Frasnian, dorsal (B1), lateral (B2), and posterior (B3) views. C. Phlogoiderhynchus depressus (Wang, 1956), PUM05003, sample PY2, Panxi section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view. D. Pugnax cf. triplicata (Chen in Xu et al. 1978), PUM05004, sample GC20, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, lateral (D1: ventral beak broken), dorsal (D2), and anterior (D3: left anterior broken, right lateral anterior slightly broken) views. E. Coeloterorhynchus sp., PUM05005, sample GC21−24, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal (E1: right anterior and right lateral broken), posterior (E2), and lateral (E3) views.
Fig. 3 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 3. Brachiopod distribution in the Early and Middle Frasnian of South China. (from Chen 1983; 1984; Hou 1988; Sartenaer and Xu 1991; Ma et al. 2005; this study, and our unpublished data). Species of "Ningbingella" and "Ypsilorhynchus" needs confirmation of their generic status. Abbreviations: K., Klapperina; M. Mesotaxis; Pa., Palmatolepis.
Fig. 2 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 2. Stratigraphy and distribution of Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopods in South China. Most but not all known brachiopods are described and illustrated in this paper. For the distribution of atrypids in the Dushan section, for example, see Ma et al. (2005). The stratigraphy of Panxi and the occurrence of Cyrtospirifer sp. are based on Yunnan compiling group (1978) and the occurrence of Stringocephalus in the lower part of the Yidade Formation is as in Xian et al. (1988: 148). The stratigraphy of Dushan and the occurrence of Stringocephalus sp. are as in Liao et al. (1979); the Caiziyan section was re−measured by Long−Ming Wei, Xue−Ping Ma, and Hua Li (personal communication 2005), with coral identifications by Wei−Hua Liao. The stratigraphy of Qiziqiao is based on data of Z.−X. Hu and Z.−Q. Deng in Tan et al. (1987), and the occurrence of Yunnanella sp. is based on Zu−Han Liu (personal communication 2001). Abbreviations: calc., calcareous; argill., argillaceous; C., Cyrtospirifer; Pa., Palmatolepis; Po., Polygnathus; S., Spinatrypina.
Fig. 1 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 1. Geographic map of China (A) and locations of the stratigraphic sections (Δ) investigated in this study (B).
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