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205 results for “Functional ecology”
How long is 3 kilometres for a butterfly? Ecological constraints and functional traits explain high mitochondrial genetic diversity between Sicily and the Italian Peninsula
<p>1. Populations inhabiting Mediterranean islands often show contrasting genetic lineages, even on islands that were connected to the mainland during glacial maxima. This pattern is generated by forces acting in historical and contemporary times. Understanding these phenomena requires comparative studies relating genetic structure, functional traits and dispersal constraints.</p> <p>2. Using as a model the butterfly species living across the Messina strait separating Sicily from the Italian Peninsula (3 km wide), we aimed to unravel the mechanisms limiting the dispersal of matrilines across a narrow sea strait and producing genetic differentiation. </p> <p>3. We analysed the mitochondrial COI gene of 84 butterfly species out of 90 documented in Sicily and compared them with populations from the neighbouring southern Italian Peninsula (1398 sequences) and from the entire Palearctic region (8093 sequences). For each species, we regressed 13 functional traits and two ecological constraints to dispersal (winds experienced at the strait and climatic suitability) against genetic differentiation between Sicily and Italian Peninsula to understand the factors limiting dispersal.</p> <p>4. More than a third of the species showed different haplogroups across the strait and most of them also represented endemic haplogroups for this island. One fifth of Sicilian populations (and 32.3% of endemic lineages) had their closest relatives in distant areas, instead of the neighbouring Italian Peninsula, which suggests high relictuality. Haplotype diversity was significantly explained by length of the flight period, an intrinsic phenology trait, while genetic differentiation was explained by both intrinsic traits (wingspan and degree of generalism) and contemporary local constraints (winds experienced at the strait and climatic suitability).</p> <p>5. A relatively narrow sea strait can produce considerable differentiation among butterfly matrilines and this phenomenon showed a largely deterministic fingerprint. Because of unfavourable winds, populations of the less dispersive Sicilian butterflies tended to differentiate into endemic variants or to maintain relict populations. Understanding these phenomena required the integration of DNA sequences, species traits and physical constraints for a large taxon at continental scale. Future studies may reveal if the patterns here shown for mitochondrial DNA are also reflected in the nuclear genome or, alternatively, are the product of limited female dispersal.</p>
Data from: Successional dynamics of the bee community in a tropical dry forest: insights from taxonomy and functional ecology
Despite the recent rapid growth of tropical dry forest succession ecology, most studies on this topic have focused on plant community attribute recovery, whereas animal community successional dynamics has been largely overlooked, and the few existing studies have used taxonomic approaches. Here, we analyze the successional changes in the bee community in a Mexican tropical dry forest, by integrating taxonomic (species, genus, and family diversity) and functional (sociability, nesting strategy, and body size) information for bees. Over one year, in a successional chronosequence (2–67 years after abandonment) we collected 469 individual bees, representing five families, 36 genera and 69 species. Linear modeling showed decreases in taxonomic diversity with succession, more strongly so for species. Bee species turnover along succession ranged from moderate to high, decreasing slightly at intermediate stages. An RLQ analysis (ordination method that allows relating environmental variables with functional attributes) revealed clear relations between bee functional traits and the plant community. RLQ axis 1 was positively related to vegetation structural and diversity variables, and to eusociality, whilst solitary, parasociality and ground nesting were negatively associated with it. Early successional fallows attract mostly solitary and parasocial bees; older fallows tend to attract eusocial bees with aerial nesting. The continuous taxonomic turnover observed by us and the functional analysis suggest that the disappearance of old fallows from agricultural landscapes would likely result in significant reductions and even local extinctions of particular bee guilds. Considering the low viability of preserving large mature tropical dry forest tracts, the conservation of older successional stands emerges as a crucial component of landscape management.
Data from: Movement ecology of Afrotropical birds: Functional traits provide complementary insights to species identity
Effects of anthropogenic activities on habitats and species communities and populations are complex and vary across species depending on their ecological traits. Movement ecology may provide important insights into species´ responses to habitat structures and quality. We investigated how movement behavior across a human-modified landscape depends on species identity and species traits, with particular focus on habitat specialization, feeding guilds and dispersal behavior. We tracked 34 individuals of nine Afrotropical bird species during three years in an anthropogenic riparian landscape of East Africa. We investigated whether species' functional traits predicted their habitat use and movement behavior better than species´ identities. Our results indicate that habitat specialists mainly occur in dense riparian thickets, while habitat generalists do occur in agricultural land. Home-ranges of omnivorous habitat generalists are larger than of frugivorous and insectivorous generalists and omnivorous and insectivorous specialists. Movement speed was highest in settlement areas for all species, with activity peaks during morning and afternoon for habitat specialists. Our results reveal that functional traits and species identity provide complementary insights into responses of organisms to habitat structures and habitat quality.
Fig. 1. a in Staining Method for Assessing the Ecological Function of Excrement Removal by Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 1. a) Illustration of the arena used for collecting dung beetles and assessing unstained excrement removal with 5 cm of height on the margin (double-pointed arrow) and demonstration of the possible unstained excrement removed during the 48 hours of assessment (telecoprids on the surface and/or paracoprids in subterranean galleries), b) Photographs of the arena with a plastic cover protection and unstained material removed by paracoprids, c) Illustration of the arena used for collecting dung beetles and assessing stained excrement removal with 5 cm of height on the margin (double-pointed arrow) and demonstration of the possible stained excrement removed during the 48 hours of assessment (telecoprids on the surface and/or paracoprids in subterranean galleries), d) Photographs of the arena with a plastic cover protection and stained material removed by paracoprids, e) Photograph of control arena; f) Sample design to evaluate the effect of the stain on excrement attractiveness and manipulation by dung beetles.
Fig. 2 in Staining Method for Assessing the Ecological Function of Excrement Removal by Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 2. Mean (± SD) amount of excrement removed and amount relocated between treatments according to two functional guilds. The same letters indicate no significant differences (p> 0.05) between treatments within a variable. UE = unstained excrement; SE = stained excrement.
Moored ADCP Cape Canaveral from Sep 2013 to Sep 2016, part of BOEM's project "Ecological Function and Recovery of Biological Communities within Dredged Ridge-Swale Habitats in the South-Atlantic Bight"
<p>Bottom-mounted ADCP data (mooring data) for "Ecological Function and Recovery of Biological Communities within Dredged Ridge-Swale Habitats in the South-Atlantic Bight"</p> <p>All ADCP mooring deployments are detailed in the spreadsheet "Canaveral_Mooring_Deployment_details_BOEM_project" appearing with the zipped folders. These zipped folders have been separated by deployment number, as indicated by their names.The great majority of ADCP records were obtained with Teledyne instrumentation. A few records were secured with Aquadopp and AWAC (Nortek) ADPs.</p> <p>Most data have been transformed to Matlab format. Only some downward pointing ADCPs, those not in Matlab format, have been left (and uploaded) in their original format (binary from Teledyne), typically with extension '000' or '001'. These files are Gigabytes big and can be visualized with the 'WinADCP' program that can be downloaded for free from the Teledyne website.</p> <p>Missing files, still appearing in the spreadsheet, are a consequence of instrument malfunction, platform destruction, or instrument lost.</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Functional response metrics explain and predict high but differing ecological impacts of juvenile and adult lionfish
<p>Recent accumulation of evidence across taxa indicates that the ecological impacts of invasive alien species are predictable from their Functional Response (FR; e.g. the maximum feeding rate) and Functional Response Ratio (FRR; the FR attack rate/handling time ratio). Here, we experimentally derive these metrics to predict the ecological impacts of both juvenile and adult lionfish (<em>Pterois volitans</em>), one of the world's most damaging invaders, across representative and likely future prey types. Potentially prey-population destabilising Type II FRs were exhibited by both life stages of lionfish towards four prey species: <em>Artemia salina</em>, <em>Gammarus oceanicus</em>, <em>Palaemonetes varians</em> and <em>Nephrops norvegicus</em>. FR magnitudes revealed ontogenetic shifts in lionfish impacts, while lionfish FRR values were substantially higher than mean FRR values across known damaging invasive taxa. Thus, both life stages of lionfish are predicted to contribute to differing but high ecological impacts across prey communities, including commercially important species. With lionfish invasion ranges currently expanding across multiple regions globally, efforts to reduce lionfish numbers and population size structure, and provision of prey refugia through habitat complexity, might reduce their impacts. However, early detection and complete eradication of individuals located in new regions is advised.</p>
The Effects of the Synbiotic Ecologic 825/scFOS on Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Modulation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02018900. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Methylphenidate on Ecologic Function in Paediatric Acquired Brain Injury Population
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02227056. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Functional divergence from ecological baselines on Caribbean coral reefs
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Data from: Movement ecology of Afrotropical birds: Functional traits provide complementary insights to species identity
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Data from: Successional dynamics of the bee community in a tropical dry forest: insights from taxonomy and functional ecology
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Data from: Assembly and ecological function of the root microbiome across angiosperm plant species
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How long is 3 kilometres for a butterfly? Ecological constraints and functional traits explain high mitochondrial genetic diversity between Sicily and the Italian Peninsula
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Data from: Feed or fight: testing the impact of food availability and intraspecific aggression on the functional ecology of an island lizard
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Data from: The relevance of ecological status to ecosystem functions and services in a large boreal lake
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Data from: The assembly of ecological communities inferred from taxonomic and functional composition
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Data from: Life history traits and functional processes generate multiple pathways to ecological stability
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Data from: Changes in Bivalve functional and assemblage ecology in response to environmental change in the Caribbean Neogene
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Data from: Ecological fidelity of functional traits based on species presence-absence in a modern mammalian bone assemblage (Amboseli, Kenya)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.