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FIG. 4 in Three new species of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Raphitomidae) from Croatian waters (NE Adriatic Sea)

FIG. 4. — Raphitoma petanii Prkić, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Pusateri n. sp.: A, Stari Trogir, paratype, coll. PRK, h = 11.05 mm; B, Stari Trogir, paratype, coll. RGS 120246, h = 11.8 mm; C, Stari Trogir, paratype coll. PET, h = 11.55 mm; D, Sukošan, coll. PET, h = 12.4 mm; E, Stari Trogir, paratype, coll. PRK, h = 12.05 mm; F, Biograd coll. PRK, h = 10.3 mm; G, Murter Is., coll. PRK, h = 10.3 mm; H, Stari Trogir, coll. RGS, h = 9.1 mm.

FIG. 2 in Three new species of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Raphitomidae) from Croatian waters (NE Adriatic Sea)

FIG. 2. — Measurements taken on protoconch of Raphitoma pusaterii Prkić & Giannuzzi-Savelli n. sp. Diameter of nucleus (D nuc. = 105 µm), diameter of first half-whorl (D ½ = 159 µm), diameter of first whorl (D 1 = 190 µm), maximum diameter (Max. D = 440 µm), number of whorls (PW = 3.6), number of whorls of protoconch 1 (PW 1 = 1.1). Scale bar: 200 µm.

FIG. 1 in Three new species of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Raphitomidae) from Croatian waters (NE Adriatic Sea)

FIG. 1. — Phylogenetic relationships (maximum likelihood topologies) among species of the genus Raphitoma (see Russini et al. 2020 for further details). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap supports after 1000 pseudoreplicates, and posterior probabilities after a Bayesian analysis on the same dataset; only values higher than 75% bootstrap support and 95% posterior probability are reported; black dots indicate nodes supported by 100% bootstrap and 1.0 posterior probability. A, ML analysis on the combined dataset (COI + 16S + 12S + ITS2); B, the histogram portraying the distribution of the pairwise genetic distances (K2p) among the COI sequences (red bars on the left are intraspecific comparisons, yellow bars on the right are interspecific comparisons); C, ML analysis on the ITS2 alignment.

FIG. 15 in Three new species of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Raphitomidae) from Croatian waters (NE Adriatic Sea)

FIG. 15. — Murex echinatus Brocchi, 1814: A, lectotype, MCSNM i 5427; B, D, paralectotype, MCSNM i5428; C, E, paralectotype, MCSNM i5429. Photos courtesy: Martina Paolini (MCSNM).

Fig. 7 in Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation

Fig. 7 (opposite page). Kalloconus canariensis sp. nov. A–B. Holotype (dorsal and ventral views), 89.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/200091H). C. Paratype 1, 85.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/200091P). D. Paratype 5, 76.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/200092). E. Paratype 3, 92.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/200093). F. Paratype 2, 132.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/200094). G. Paratype 4, 93.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/200092). H. Paratype 6, 47.4 mm (MNCN 5.05.200091P). I. Paratype 7, 43.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/200095). J–K. Radular tooth. K. K. canariensis sp. nov., paratype 1. K. K. pulcher ([Lightfoot], 1786), Joal Fadiouth, Senegal (MJT), SL = 96.7 mm. Scale bars = 10 mm unless otherwise indicated

Fig. 8 in Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation

Fig. 8. Plot of maximum diameter (MD, mm) versus shell length (SL, mm) for K. canariensis sp. nov. (Ɨ) and K. pulcher ([Lightfoot], 1786) (-). The lectotype of K. siamensis (Hwass in Bruguiére, 1792) (A) is also shown.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation

Fig. 6 (opposite page). A. Conus navarroi navarroi Rolán, 1986, holotype, 16 mm (MNCN 15.05/1008). B. Africonus angeluquei Tenorio, Abalde & Zardoya, 2018 (= perrineae Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018), holotype, 30.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78710). C. Conus raulsilvai Rolán, Monteiro & Fernandes, 1998, holotype, 19.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/27230). D. Conus regonae Rolán & Trovão, 1990, holotype, 32.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/1092). E. Conus roeckeli Rolán, 1980, holotype, 13.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/1049). F. Africonus salletae Cossignani, 2014, holotype, 15.5 mm (MMM). G. Africonus santaluziensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015, paratype, 28.1 mm (Paul Kersten coll.). H. Africonus santanaensis Afonso & Tenorio, 2014, holotype, 17.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/60118). I. Conus saragasae Rolán, 1986, holotype, 21.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1009). J. Africonus verdensis (Trovão, 1979), 22.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/78864). K. Conus vulcanus Tenorio & Afonso, 2004, holotype, 25.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/46652). L. Chelyconus ermineus (Born, 1778), 54.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/80014). M. Genuanoconus genuanus (Linnaeus, 1758), 50.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78547). N. Kalloconus ateralbus (Kiener, 1850), 40.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/79649). O. Kalloconus byssinus (Röding, 1798), 56.4 mm (MNCN 15.05/90429). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of West African cones and species delimitation. A time tree (relaxed molecular clock) was reconstructed following methods and calibrations in Abalde et al. (2017a). Dates are in million years. Bold names indicate new mitogenomes. A red line indicates the threshold (uncorrected p distance of 0.2%, based on the divergences between Africonus verdensis (Trovão, 1979) and its sister group and Varioconus guanche (Lauer, 1993) and its sister group) for species delimitation.

Fig. 10 in Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation

Fig. 10 (opposite page). A. Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844, neotype, 39.3 mm (NBC). B. Conus bellocqae van Rossum, 1996, paratype, 60 mm (F. Gubbioli coll., Marbella, Spain). C. Monteiroconus tabidus (Reeve, 1844), 33.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78864). D. Conus belairensis Pin & Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 36.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-32668). E. Varioconus bruguieresi (Kiener, 1846) comb. nov., 32.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78497). F. Varioconus cloveri (Walls, 1978) comb. nov., 23.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78457). G. Varioconus echinophilus (Petuch, 1975b) comb. nov., 22.0. mm (MNCN 15.05/90430). H. Conus franciscanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 56.6 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52625). I. Varioconus franciscanus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 53.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78491). J. Varioconus franciscanus f. hybridus (Kiener, 1847), 40.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78427). K. Conus guanche Lauer, 1993, holotype, 34.0 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2553). L. Conus guinaicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 43.0 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52638). M. Varioconus guinaicus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 50.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78443). N. Lautoconus wolof Petuch & Berschauer, 2018, holotype, 21.1 mm (MNHN IM-2000-34015). O. Conus pineaui Pin & Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 28.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2528). P. Conus dorotheae Monnier & Limpalaër, 2010, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNHN IM-2009-8702). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation

Fig. 4 (opposite page). A. Conus felitae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 12.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/1099). B. Africonus fernandesi (Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008), 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/78598). C. Africonus freitasi Tenorio, Afonso, Rolán, Pires, Vasconcelos, Abalde & Zardoya, 2018, holotype, 13.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/200008) D. Conus verdensis furnae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 21.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/1097). E. Africonus fuscoflavus (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980), 22.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/80407). F. Conus damottai galeao Rolán, 1990, holotype, 21.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/1093). G. Africonus gonsaloi Afonso & Tenorio, 2014, holotype, 19.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/60119). H. Africonus grahami (Röckel, Cosel & Burnay, 1980), 24.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78549). I. Conus infinitus Rolán, 1990, holotype, 20.8 mm (MNCN, 15.05/1095). J. Conus isabelarum Tenorio & Afonso, 2004, holotype, 22.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/46654). K. Conus josephinae Rolán, 1980, holotype, 25.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1050). L. Africonus kersteni (Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008), holotype, 20.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/47051). M. Africonus longilineus (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980), 21.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/79738). N. Africonus lugubris (Reeve, 1849), 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/90431). O. Africonus maioensis (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990), 29.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/78689). P. Africonus miruchae (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980), 12.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/79789). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Fig. 94 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 94. Similiphora intermedia (C.B. Adams, 1850). A. Lectotype, MCZ 186161. B. MNRJ 17967*, 5.42 mm. C. MNRJ 29763*, 5.12 mm. D. MNRJ 18953*, 3.73 mm. E, H. Same shell as D. F, J. MNRJ 17976*. G, K. Same shell as C. I. MNRJ 34027*. Scale bars: A–E = 1 mm; F–H = 500 µm; I–J = 100 µm; K = 50 µm.

Fig. 91 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 91. Monophorus olivaceus (Dall, 1889). A. Lectotype, MCZ 7379. B. MNRJ 32550*, 9.90 mm. C. MNRJ 32925*, 8.66 mm. D. MNRJ 32990*, 11.05 mm. E. MNRJ 18741*, 4.74 mm. F–H. MNRJ 32075*. I–K. MNRJ 17988*. Scale bars: A–E = 1 mm; F–H = 500 µm; I, K = 100 µm; J = 50 µm.

Fig. 89 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 89. Iniforis pseudothomae Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 1993. A. Holotype, MNCN 15.05/6820. B. IBUFRJ 19585, 4.58 mm. C. MNRJ 31517*, 5.05 mm. D. MNRJ 32973*, 4.60 mm. E, G–H. Same shell as B. F, K. Same shell as C. I–J. MNRJ 18303. Scale bars: A–E = 1 mm; F–H = 500 µm; I, K = 100 µm; J = 50 µm. Photo credits A: Rafael Araujo (MNCN).

Fig. 84 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 84. Fresh and worn specimens found in southern Brazil and Uruguay/Argentina. A. Nanaphora verbernei (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1989), MNRJ 28956*. B. Nototriphora decorata (C.B. Adams, 1850), MNRJ 28941*. C. Triphora ellyae De Jong & Coomans, 1988, MNRJ 23259. D. Similiphora intermedia (C.B. Adams, 1850), MNRJ 23366. E. Triphora charybdis Fernandes & Pimenta, 2015, MZSP 19331. F–J. Marshallora sp. F–I. MNHN-Mo 12959*, La Paloma, Rocha, Uruguay, E. Duarte leg., 6 Apr. 1959. J. MLP 26399, Cantera La Elvira, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, M. Aguirre leg., 1983. Scale bars: 1 mm.; J not to scale.

Fig. 79 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 79. Distribution map of Triphora elvirae De Jong & Coomans, 1988; red circle = type locality.

Fig. 50 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 50. Distribution map of Isotriphora tricingulata Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2015 (red circle = type locality; black circles = additional localities) and Isotriphora onca Fernandes, Pimenta & Leal, 2013 (brown circle = type locality; gray circle = additional locality).

Fig. 49 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 49. Distribution map of Iniforis pseudothomae Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 1993; red circle = type locality.

Fig. 52 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 52. Distribution map of Isotriphora sp. 1 (gray circle) and Isotriphora leo sp. nov. (red circle).

Fig. 57 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 57. Distribution map of Monophorus caracca (Dall, 1927) comb. nov. (red circle = type locality; black circle = additional locality) and Monophorus verecundus sp. nov. (brown circle = type locality; gray circles = additional localities).

Fig. 54 in Unraveling one of the 'Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

Fig. 54. Distribution map of Marshallora ostenta Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008; red circle = type locality.