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Serial thin section movie of every third section from the DTC to the distal extensions of Sh1 in a young adult hermaphrodite posterior gonad arm
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Data from: Personality and gonadal development as sources of individual variation in response to GnRH challenge in female great tits
Seasonal timing of reproduction is a key life-history trait, but we know little about the mechanisms underlying individual variation in female endocrine profiles associated with reproduction. In birds, 17β-estradiol is a key reproductive hormone that links brain neuroendocrine mechanisms, involved in information processing and decision making, to downstream mechanisms in the liver, where egg-yolk is produced. Here we test, using a simulated induction of the reproductive system through a GnRH-challenge, whether the ovary of pre-breeding female great tits responds to a brain stimulation by increasing estradiol. We also assess how this response is modified by individual-specific traits like age, ovarian follicle size and personality, using females from lines artificially selected for divergent levels of exploratory behaviour. We show that a GnRH injection leads to a rapid increase in circulating concentrations of estradiol but responses varied among individuals. Females with more developed ovarian follicles showed stronger responses and females from lines selected for fast exploratory behaviour showed stronger increases compared to females from the slow line, indicating a heritable component. This study shows that the response of the ovary to a reproductive stimulation from the brain greatly varies among individuals and that this variation can be attributed to several commonly measured individual traits, which sheds light on the mechanisms shaping heritable endocrine phenotypes.
Figure 2 in Impact of parasitism by nematodes on gonadal anatomy of Pagellus erythrinus (L.)
Figure 2. – Histological section in Pagellus erythrinus gonads and intestine. A: Female normal gonads; B, C, E, F: Total replacement of the gonadal parenchyma by nematodes; relatively few and displaced oocytes (white arrows); B: Intense inflammation in direct contact with the worm (white asterisk); F: Gonad with haemorrhagic lesions and necrosis induced by P. filifomis (P); B, E: Secretion of melanin (white circles); D: Detail view of a parasite showing the nematode wall; G: Intestine of P. filiformis containing numerous erythrocytes. h: haemor- ragic lesion, i: intestine, n: necrosis), o: oocytes, p: parasite; w: parasite wall. Scale bars: A, B, C, E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm; D = 50 μm; G = 30 μm.
Figure 2 from: Dong Z, Shi C, Chu G, Dong Y, Chen G, Liu D (2018) Morphological changes of gonad and gene expression patterns during desexualization in Dugesia japonica (Platyhelminthes: Dugesiidae). Zoologia 35: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21933
Figure 2 Sagittal section of testis during starvation. The blue lines indicate the innermost region and the yellow lines indicate that the border between the testis region and the surrounding tissue. d: days after starvation, sg: spermatogonium, sc: spermatocyte, st: spermatid, sp: spermatozoa. Scale bar: 100 μm.
Figure 1 from: Dong Z, Shi C, Chu G, Dong Y, Chen G, Liu D (2018) Morphological changes of gonad and gene expression patterns during desexualization in Dugesia japonica (Platyhelminthes: Dugesiidae). Zoologia 35: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21933
Figure 1 Histological changes of the ovary during starvation. The ovary of on the day 25th is sagittal section and the others are horizontal section. The yellow lines indicate the innermost region and the oogoniums marked by black arrows, d: days after starvation, og: oogonium, oc: oocyte. Scale bar: 200 μm.
Figures 3-6 from: Dong Z, Shi C, Chu G, Dong Y, Chen G, Liu D (2018) Morphological changes of gonad and gene expression patterns during desexualization in Dugesia japonica (Platyhelminthes: Dugesiidae). Zoologia 35: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21933
Figures 3-6 The time-course expressions of four genes during starvation by real-time PCR: (3) Djprps; (4) DjvlgA; (5) DjvlgB; (6) Djnos. The expression levels on the day 6th after the last feeding were used as the control, β-actin was used as inter-control. d: days after starvation. Vertical bars represented the mean ± SD (N = 3). Asterisks indicate statistical differences (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).
Figures 1-6 from: Araújo FG, Nascimento AA, Gomes ID, Sales A, de Oliveira BAC (2019) Gonadal development and reproductive period of the characin Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae) in a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 36: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30610
Figures 1-6 Photomicrographs of ovaries of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus in different phases of gonadal maturation. (1) Immature. Oocytes in primary growth (PG) ovuligerous lamellae (OL). (2) Developing. Presence of oocytes of different sizes (PG, CA, Vitg1 and Vtg2). (3–4) Spawning Capable. Predominance of vitellogenic oocytes (Vtg3). (5) Regressing. Presence of different types of oocytes (PG, CA, Vitg1, POF) and oocytes in atresia (A). (6) Regenerating. Oocytes in primary growth (PG) and POF. (OW) ovarian wall, (CA) cortical alveoli, (Vtg1) primary vitellogenic, (Vtg2) secondary vitellogenic, (Vtg3) tertiary vitellogenic, (MB) muscle bundle, (DBV) dilated blood vessels, (POF) postovulatory follicles, (A) atresia. Staining haematoxylin and eosin (HE). Scale bar: 100 μm.
Figure 13 from: Araújo FG, Nascimento AA, Gomes ID, Sales A, de Oliveira BAC (2019) Gonadal development and reproductive period of the characin Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae) in a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 36: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30610
Figure 13 Bi-monthly changes in frequency distribution of the reproductive phases of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus. Number of individuals indicated above each bar. S/O, September-October; N/D, November-December; J/F, January-February; M/A, March-April; M/J, May-June; J/A, July-August.
Figures 15-16 from: Araújo FG, Nascimento AA, Gomes ID, Sales A, de Oliveira BAC (2019) Gonadal development and reproductive period of the characin Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae) in a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 36: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30610
Figures 15-16 Bi-monthly changes in (15) condition factor (means + standard error) and (16) hepatosomatic index (means + standard error) for female and male of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus. S/O, September-October; N/D, November-December; J/F, January-February; M/A, March-April; M/J, May-June; J/A, July-August.
Figures 7-12 from: Araújo FG, Nascimento AA, Gomes ID, Sales A, de Oliveira BAC (2019) Gonadal development and reproductive period of the characin Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae) in a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 36: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30610
Figures 7-12 Photomicrographs of testes of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus in different phases of gonadal maturation. (7) Immature. Only primary spermatogonia (Sg1) without lumen. (8–9) Developing. Various types of spermatocytes evident along lobules (Sg2, Sc1, Sc2, St, Sz) and germinal epithelium (GE) continuous throughout. (10) Spawning Capable. Predominance of Sz in lumen seminiferous tubules. (11) Regressing. Presence of cysts (Cy), residual spermatozoa (Sz) and germinal epithelium (GE) in regeneration. (11) Regenerating. Proliferation of spermatogonia (Sg1, Sg2) and GE continuous throughout. Staining haematoxylin and eosin (HE). Scale bar: 20 μm.
Figure 14 from: Araújo FG, Nascimento AA, Gomes ID, Sales A, de Oliveira BAC (2019) Gonadal development and reproductive period of the characin Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae) in a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 36: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30610
Figure 14 Bi-monthly changes in gonadosomatic index (means + standard error) for female and male of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus S/O, September-October; N/D, November-December; J/F, January-February; M/A, March-April; M/J, May-June; J/A, July-August.
Figure 5 in Identification and expression of Dmrt1 and Sox9 during the gonadal differentiation of Rana chensinensis
Figure 5. Expression of rcDmrt1 and rcSox9 in GMC/gonads of R. chensinensis tadpoles at stages 26–46. M, Male; F, female.
Fig. 5 in Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization
Fig. 5. Monthly distribution of the frequencies of gonadal maturation stages of females (a) and males (b) of Compsura heterura and females (c) and males (d) of Odontostilbe pequira collected in the rio Ceará-Mirim, RN, and in the rio Ibicuí- Mirim, RS, fromApril 2001 toApril 2002.
Fig. 4 in Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization
Fig. 4. Monthly variation of the mean of the gonadossomatic index (GSI) for females and males of Compsura heterura and of Odontostilbe pequira collected in the rio Ceará-Mirim, RN, and in the rio Ibicuí-Mirim, RS, from April 2001 to April 2002.
Figure 9 from: Thorne B, Johnson S, Breisch N, Momen B (2011) Morphology and gonad development of normal soldiers and reproductive soldiers of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae). ZooKeys 148: 15-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1672
Figure 9 - Male reproductive soldier (top) and male soldier (bottom). Note coloration of abdomen, shape of head capsule, and ratio of mandible to labrum length.
Figure 8 from: Thorne B, Johnson S, Breisch N, Momen B (2011) Morphology and gonad development of normal soldiers and reproductive soldiers of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae). ZooKeys 148: 15-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1672
Figure 8 - Ovaries of a a female reproductive soldier and b a female soldier. The female reproductive soldier ovarioles are much more developed and contain several eggs, while the female soldier ovarioles are reduced, with no evidence of egg development.
Figure 5 from: Thorne B, Johnson S, Breisch N, Momen B (2011) Morphology and gonad development of normal soldiers and reproductive soldiers of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae). ZooKeys 148: 15-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1672
Figure 5 - Correlation between ovary length and the ratio of mandible length to labrum length in female soldier morphs (soldiers and reproductive soldiers).
Figure 4 from: Thorne B, Johnson S, Breisch N, Momen B (2011) Morphology and gonad development of normal soldiers and reproductive soldiers of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae). ZooKeys 148: 15-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1672
Figure 4 - Comparison of means for ratio of mandible length to labrum length of male and female soldiers and reproductive soldiers. Within sex, soldiers had statistically significantly different mean ratios than reproductive soldiers (p < 0.01). Error bars indicate standard errors. Source data for the figure are listed in a table in the Supplementary Material.
Figure 2 from: Thorne B, Johnson S, Breisch N, Momen B (2011) Morphology and gonad development of normal soldiers and reproductive soldiers of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae). ZooKeys 148: 15-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1672
Figure 2 - Correlation between testis width and ratio of mandible length to labrum length in male soldiers and new and mature reproductive soldiers.
Figure 3 from: Thorne B, Johnson S, Breisch N, Momen B (2011) Morphology and gonad development of normal soldiers and reproductive soldiers of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae). ZooKeys 148: 15-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1672
Figure 3 - Comparison of means for testis width (mm) of male soldiers, reproductive soldiers and new and mature kings. Means with the same letter are not significantly different. Error bars indicate standard errors.
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