Find research datasets worth reusing

Figure 6 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 6. Consecutive (1-8) frames from a 30fps video of the adult female shown in Figure 4:6-7. By carefully comparing adjacent frames you can see the continuous movement of both pedipalps in contact with this pseudococcid.

Figure 5 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 5 (continued from previous page). Sequential photographs (1-23) documenting the association of an adult female Brettus cingulatus with a pseudococcid species (also see Figures 7-8). 19, Detail showing pseudococcids moving beneath their waxy accretions. 22, Two views of an ant later attending the same pseudococcids.

Figure 5 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 5 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Sequential photographs (1-23) documenting the association of an adult female Brettus cingulatus with a pseudococcid species (also see Figures 7-8). 9-11, Arrow shows position of droplet that was subsequently (12) imbibed by this spider. 13-14, Sequence shows this spider lowering her mouthparts to reach the pseudococcid. 15, After the spider pulled back, a small droplet can be seen here, where she had pressed her mouthparts to the pseudococcid. 17-18, Tactile stimulation of the pseudococcid with the pedipalps and legs of this spider.

Figure 4 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 4. Association of Brettus cingulatus with various pseudococcid species. 1, Immature near a small pseudococcid covered with black spines and droplets. 2, Detail of pseudococcids shown in (1). 3-4, Immature with a different pseudococcid. Image (4) is a composite of two images. 5, Adult male near a pseudococcid covered with waxy projections. 6-7, Two views of an adult female near an isolated pseudococcid that she has been tending (also see Figure 6).

Figure 3 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 3. Photos of male (1-2) and female (3-4) Brettus cingulatus, posted recently on the iNaturalist site. 4, Female in typical posture, guarding her egg sac. Photo credits: 1-2, © Sunny Joseph (9 NOV 2020, Kollamkudimugal, Mundampalam, Kochi, Kerala, India), used under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license; 3, © Ian Dugdale (7 MAY 2021, Ban Song Pe Nong, Kaeng Krachen, Thailand), used under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license; 4, © Harshith J. V. (Sanoor village, Udupi district, Karnataka, India), used under an Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

Figure 5 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 5 (continued on next page). Sequential photographs (1-23) documenting the association of an adult female Brettus cingulatus with a pseudococcid species (also see Figures 7-8). This pseudococcid conceals itself under a mass of waxy secretions, in this case beneath the leaves of a Ficus benjamina tree. 5, Detail of the main cluster of pseudococcids tended by this B. cingulatus. 7-8, Note an ant tending some of these pseudococcids, at the lower left.

Figure 2 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 2. Known distribution of Brettus cingulatus in south and southeast Asia. Modified after Ahmed et al. (2017), with additional records including spiders identified from photographs subsequently posted on the iNaturalist site.

Figure 7 in Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka

Figure 7. Consecutive (1-48) frames from a 30fps video of the adult female shown in Figure 5. By carefully comparing adjacent frames you can see the continuous movement of both pedipalps in contact with this pseudococcid. Bouts of activity like this continued for more than two minutes.

Figure 2 in Leaf suspension by a brooding female Epeus indicus (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued from previous page). Nesting female Epeus indicus. 25, Large Solanum macranthum tree at the Indraprastha Organic Farm where this sequence was observed. 26, Rear view of the suspended brood leaf, now completely dry. 27, Female on the suspended brood leaf. The two suspensors are indicated with white arrows. 28, The female with prey (Diptera: Nematocera) on a nearby leaf. 29, Female in nest. 30, First instar with partly developed eyes suspended from nest. 31, Female on rear or bottom of suspended brood leaf. 32, Female in nest. 33, Female with prey (Diptera: Nematocera) on the dried brood leaf. After this the female E. indicus was not seen again.

Figure 2 in Leaf suspension by a brooding female Epeus indicus (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Nesting female Epeus indicus. 18, Drying brood leaf, now detached completely at the petiole, with two suspensors in place, one of ~3.5 cm length closer to the petiole or base of the leaf (as shown in earlier photographs), and another to the right joining the brood sac (black arrow) to a different green leaf. 19, 21-22, The developing brood was more mobile within the nest at this time. Note the white egg membranes. 20, Female (black arrow) below brood on leaf. Position of the longer suspensor is indicated with a white arrow. 23, Drying leaf, showing the two suspensors (arrows). 24, Detail of the second suspensor, on the end of the leaf surrounding the nest.

Figure 2 in Leaf suspension by a brooding female Epeus indicus (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Nesting female Epeus indicus. 12, 14-15, Female at or near nest with brood on two successive days. 13, Female near suspensor (white arrow). 16-17, Female reinforcing the suspensor by adding more silk lines as she traversed it. A second, thin line connecting the two leaves was added near this one, but not subsequently observed.

Figure 2 in Leaf suspension by a brooding female Epeus indicus (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued on next page). Nesting female Epeus indicus. 1-2, Female with 26 eggs deposited in a nest on the upper surface of a Solanum macranthum leaf. 3-4, Three days later, female with hatchling first instars, sometimes referred to as nymphs. Note the white remnant of each egg membrane, still attached to each nymph.

Figure 2 in Leaf suspension by a brooding female Epeus indicus (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Nesting female Epeus indicus. 5-6, Female traversing a silk suspensor (bridge) from a position near the petiole (stem) of the yellowing brood leaf to a nearby green leaf, adding dragline silk to that suspensor with each traverse. The suspensor was about 3.5 cm in length. 7, View of the yellowing brood leaf, showing the female as she traversed the suspensor (white arrow at upper left), and the position of the nest (black arrow). 8-11, More images of the female adding silk lines to the suspensor.

opencc-by-nd-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Cohabitation and mating by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka

Figure 1 (continued on next page). Sequential (1-23) frames selected from 25fps video clips of the courting male and female Brettus cingulatus. 1-2, Frames from a 75s clip showing the male watching the female as she completed her moult. 3-8, Frames from a 130s clip showing the male advancing toward the female after her moult. Photographs copyright © by M. Jithesh Pai.

Figure 1 in Leaf suspension by a brooding female Epeus indicus (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 1. Photographs of a female Epeus indicus in Karnataka. Photographs posted on iNaturalist © Harshith J. V., used under an Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

opencc-by-nd-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Cohabitation and mating by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka

Figure 1 (continued from previous page). Sequential (1-23) frames selected from 25fps video clips of the courting male and female Brettus cingulatus. 9-23, Frames from a 219s clip showing relative positions of the male and female as the male advanced to contact the female and assume a mating position. Photographs copyright © by M. Jithesh Pai.

Figure 2 in Asemonea cf. tenuipes in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae)

Figure 2 (30 JUL 2018). Male approaching and cohabiting with a female resting in her shelter beneath a Carica papaya leaf. Note the false "insect head" at the rear of the male, ornamented with orange scales in the eye region and at the rear of the dorsal opisthosoma behind a wide band of iridescent purple or violet scales. 5, Detail of (4). Mating was not observed.

Figure 7 in Asemonea cf. tenuipes in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae)

Figure 7 (16 SEP―5 OCT 2018, continued on next page). Series of photographs following colour changes of a female (identified by missing leg L2) in a shelter beneath the leaf of a potato tree (Solanum macranthum). 1, The female built her thin shelter comprised of mostly parallel silk lines above a cluster of eggs deposited 6 days earlier (10 SEP 2018) by a moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Aganainae). The moth eggs resembled those of this female but were ovoid.

Figure 6 in Asemonea cf. tenuipes in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae)

Figure 6 (2 SEP 2018). Female with small clutch of 5 eggs in shelter. One of the eggs (2, arrow) may have been preparing to hatch. Note the dark purple and blue colouration of the opisthosoma of this female.

Figure 5 in Asemonea cf. tenuipes in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae)

Figure 5 (11 AUG 2018). Female with dark opisthosoma and visible red colour in midgut diverticulae of the prosoma. Although females are usually translucent green they may assume this dark colouration, perhaps as a result of feeding. The dark red-purple lines flanked by iridescent blue lines on the opisthosoma may, however, represent a more complicated physiological response. 2, Detail of (1). 6, Detail of (5). Note the large PME characteristic of the genus Asemonea.