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648 results for “Local adaptation”
Temporal variation in selection influences microgeographic local adaptation
<p>Ecological heterogeneity can lead to local adaptation when populations exhibit fitness trade-offs among habitats. However, the degree to which local adaptation is affected by the spatial and temporal scale of environmental variation is poorly understood. A multi-year reciprocal transplant experiment was performed with populations of the annual plant <em>Leptosiphon parviflorus</em> living on adjacent serpentine and non-serpentine soil. Local adaptation over this small geographic scale was observed, but there were differences in the temporal variability of selection across habitats. On serpentine soil, the local population had a consistently large survival advantage, presumably due to the temporal stability in selection imposed by soil cation content. In contrast, a fecundity advantage was observed for the sandstone population on its native soil type, but only in the two years of study with the highest rainfall. A manipulative greenhouse experiment demonstrated that the fitness advantage of the sandstone population in its native soil type depends critically on water availability. The temporal variability in local adaptation driven by variation in precipitation suggests that continued drought conditions have the potential to erode local adaptation in these populations. These results show how different selective factors can influence spatial and temporal patterns of variation in fitness trade-offs.</p>
Putative signals of generalist plant species adaptation to local pollinator communities and abiotic factors
<p>The reproductive success of flowering plants with generalized pollination systems is influenced by the interactions with a diverse pollinator community and abiotic factors. However, knowledge about the adaptative potential of plants to complex ecological networks and the underlying genetic mechanisms is still limited. Based on a pool-sequencing approach of 21 natural populations of <em>Brassica incana</em> in Southern Italy, we combined a genome-environmental association analysis with a genome scan for signals of population genomic differentiation to discover genetic variants associated with ecological variation. We identified genomic regions putatively involved in the adaptation of <em>B. incana</em> to the identity of local pollinator functional categories and pollinator community composition. Interestingly, we observed several shared candidate genes associated with long-tongue bees, soil texture, and temperature variation. We established a genomic map of potential generalist flowering plant local adaptation to complex biotic interactions, and the importance of considering multiple environmental factors to describe the adaptive landscape of plant populations.</p>
Data from: Ecological genetics of local adaptation in Arabidopsis: an 8-year field experiment
<p>There is considerable evidence for local adaptation in nature, yet important questions remain regarding its genetic basis. How many loci are involved? What are their effect sizes? What is the relative importance of conditional neutrality vs. genetic trade-offs? Here we address these questions in the self-pollinating, annual plant <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. We used 400 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from two locally adapted populations in Italy and Sweden, grew the RILs and parents at the parental locations, and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for mean fitness (fruits/seedling planted). We previously published results from the first three years of the study, and here add five additional years, providing a unique opportunity to assess how temporal variation in selection might affect QTL detection and classification. We found ten adaptive and one maladaptive QTL in Italy, and six adaptive and four maladaptive QTL in Sweden. The discovery of maladaptive QTL at both sites suggests that even locally adapted populations are not always at their genotypic optimum. Mean effect sizes for adaptive QTL, 0.97 and 0.55 fruits in Italy and Sweden respectively, were large relative to the mean fitness of the RILs (approximately 8 fruits/seedling planted at both sites). Both genetic trade-offs (four cases) and conditional neutrality (seven cases) contribute to local adaptation in this system. The eight-year dataset provided greater power to detect QTL and to estimate their locations compared to our previous three-year study, identifying one new genetic trade-off and reclassifying one QTL from genetic trade-off to conditionally neutral.</p>
Label-free adaptive optics single-molecule localization microscopy for whole zebrafish
<p>The specimen-induced aberration has been a major factor limiting the imaging depth of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Here, we report the application of label-free wavefront sensing adaptive optics to SMLM for deep-tissue super-resolution imaging. The proposed system measures complex tissue aberrations from intrinsic reflectance rather than fluorescence emission and physically corrects the wavefront distortion more than three-fold stronger than the previous limit. This enables us to resolve sub-diffraction morphologies of cilia and oligodendrocytes in whole zebrafish as well as dendritic spines in thick mouse brain tissues at the depth of up to 102 μm with localization number enhancement by up to 37 times and localization precision comparable to aberration-free samples. The proposed approach can expand the application range of SMLM to whole zebrafish that cause the loss of localization points owing to severe tissue aberrations.</p>
Data from: Multi-locus genomic signatures of local adaptation to snow across the landscape in California populations of a willow leaf beetle
<p>Organisms living in mountains contend with extreme climatic conditions, including short growing seasons and long winters with extensive snow cover. Anthropogenic climate change is driving unprecedented, rapid warming of montane regions across the globe, resulting in reduced winter snowpack. Loss of snow as a thermal buffer may have serious consequences for animals overwintering in soil, yet little is known about how variability in snowpack acts as a selective agent in montane ecosystems. Here we examine genomic variation in California populations of the leaf beetle <em>Chrysomela aeneicollis</em>, an emerging natural model system for understanding how organisms respond to climate change. We used a genotype-environment association approach to identify genomic signatures of local adaptation to microclimate in populations from three montane regions with variable snowpack and a coastal region with no snow. We found that both winter-associated environmental variation and geographic distance contribute to overall genomic variation across the landscape. We identified non-synonymous variation in novel candidate loci associated with cytoskeletal function, ion transport and membrane stability, cellular processes associated with cold tolerance in other insects. These findings provide intriguing evidence that variation in snowpack imposes selective gradients in montane ecosystems.</p>
Lake water chemistry and local adaptation shape NaCl toxicity in Daphnia ambigua
<p>The increasing application of road deicing agents (e.g., NaCl) has caused widespread salinization of freshwater environments. Chronic exposure to toxic NaCl levels can impact freshwater biota at genome to ecosystem scales, yet the degree of harm caused by road salt pollution is likely to vary among habitats and populations. The background water chemistry may strongly impact NaCl toxicity, with greater harm occurring in ion-poor freshwater environments. In addition, populations exposed to salinization may evolve increased NaCl tolerance. We examined the potential for these two factors, genetics and environmental context, to interact in shaping NaCl toxicity in natural populations of the water flea <em>Daphnia</em> <em>ambigua</em>. We performed a reciprocal transplant toxicity trial using <em>Daphnia</em> clones from three lakes varying in ion availability. NaCl toxicity greatly increased in calcium-poor (1.7 mg/L) lake water compared with a high-calcium (7.2 mg/L) environment, especially for <em>Daphnia</em> from the high-calcium lake. Meanwhile, <em>Daphnia</em> from an ion-rich lake showed evidence of adaptation to NaCl exposure, especially in their natal lake water. Our findings that the lake water environment, adaptation to that environment, and adaptation to a contaminant of interest may interact to shape toxicity demonstrate the importance of considering environmental and genetic complexity in mitigating pollution impacts.</p>
Data from: Assessing the local adaptative changes associated with range expansion of the pink stem borer
<p>Understanding the genetic basis of adaptive evolution following habitat expansion can have important implications for pest management. The pink stem borer (PSB), <em>Sesamia inferens</em> (Walker), is a destructive pest of rice that historically restricted to regions south of N34° latitude in China. However, with changes in global climate and farming practices, the distribution of this moth has progressively exceeded its traditional limit of 34° N and encompassed most regions in North China. However, the evolutionary processes and local adaptative changes of this species, are not yet fully understood. Here, we employed genome resequencing to genotype over 1 million of high‐quality SNPs and 20,000 SVs from 14 geographical populations across China. Three highly differentiated genetic groups were formed, corresponding to Northern, Southern China regions and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The pairwise genetic distance between locations was highly correlated with geographic and environmental distance. Our estimates of evolutionary history indicate asymmetric migration with varying population sizes across three genetic groups. Selective sweep analyses highlight the strong selected insect cuticle GRP genes enhanced desiccation adaptability of the northern group and SETMAR gene associated with range expansion and local adaptation in Shandong population. Based on an integrated analysis of transcriptome and enGWAS, we also identified the CYP321A7 gene was involved in the PSB adaption to desiccation climates. Our findings revealed the phylogeography, demographic dynamics and evolutionary forces of PSB and identified potential candidate genes to explore the genetic adaptation to novel environments, which have significant implications for the development of effective strategies to control this pest.</p>
Spatial sorting promotes rapid (mal)adaptation in the red-shouldered soapberry bug after hurricane-driven local extinctions
<p>Predicting future evolutionary change is a critical challenge in the Anthropocene as geographic range shifts and local extinction emerge as hallmarks of planetary change. Hence, spatial sorting – a driver of rapid evolution in which dispersal-associated traits accumulate along expanding range edges and within recolonized habitats – might be of growing importance in ecology and conservation. We report on the results of a natural experiment that monitored re-colonization of host plants by the seed-feeding, red-shouldered soapberry bug, <em>Jadera</em> <em>haematoloma</em>, after local extinctions from catastrophic flooding in an extreme hurricane. We tested the contribution of spatial sorting to generate rapid and persistent evolution in dispersal traits, as well as in feeding traits unrelated to dispersal. Long-winged dispersal forms accumulated in re-colonized habitats, and due to genetic correlation, mouthparts also became longer, and this shift persisted across generations. Those longer mouthparts were likely adaptive on one host plant species but maladaptive on two others based on matching the optimum depth of seeds within their host fruits. Moreover, spatial sorting eroded recently evolved adaptive divergence in mouthpart length among all host-associated biotypes, an outcome pointing to profound practical consequences of the extreme weather event for local adaptation, population resilience, and evolutionary futures.</p>
Data for: Genomic signals of local adaptation across climatically heterogenous habitats in an invasive tropical fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Local</span> <span>adaptation</span> plays a key role in the successful establishment of pest populations in new environments by enabling them to tolerate novel biotic and abiotic conditions experienced outside their native range. However, the <span>genomic underpinnings of such adaptive responses</span> remain unclear, especially for agriculturally important pests. We investigate<span>d</span> <span>population </span>genomic signatures in the tropical/subtropical Queensland fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera tryoni</em>, which has <span>an </span>expanded range <span>encompassing</span> temperate and arid zones in Australia, <span>and</span> tropical <span>zones in the Pacific Islands</span>. Using reduced representation sequencing data from 28 populations, we detected allele frequency shifts associated with the <span>native/invasive </span>status of populations and <span>identified</span> environmental factors that <span>have likely </span>drive<span>n</span> population differentiation. We also determined that precipitation, temperature<span>,</span> and geographic variables explain allelic shifts across the distribution range of <em>B. tryoni</em>. <span>We found</span> spatial heterogeneity in signatures of local adaptation across various climatic conditions in invaded areas. Specifically, disjunct invasive populations in the tropical <span>Pacific Islands</span> and arid zones of Australia <span>were characterised by</span> multiple significantly differentiated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), some of which were associated with genes with well-understood function in environmental stress (e.g., heat and desiccation) response. However, invasive populations in southeast Australian temperate zones show<span>ed</span> higher gene flow with the native range <span>and </span>lacked a strong local <span>adaptive signal</span>. These results suggest that population connectivity with the native range has <span>differentially </span>affect<span>ed</span> <span>local adaptive patterns in different</span> invasive populations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the evolutionary underpinnings of invasion success of an important horticultural pest in climatically distinct environments.</p>
Data from: The interplay of local adaptation and global warming
<p>As climate change continues, species pushed outside their physiological tolerance limits must adapt or face extinction. When change is rapid, adaptation will largely harness ancestral variation, making the availability and characteristics of that variation of critical importance. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing and genetic-environment association analyses to identify adaptive variation and its significance in the context of future climates in an iconic small mammal system. We found that peripheral populations of bank vole in Britain are already at the extreme bounds of potential genetic adaptation and may require an influx of adaptive variation in order to persist. Analyses of adaptive loci suggest regional differences in climate variables select for traits that influence patterns of population adaptive resilience, including genes associated with antioxidant defence, and support a pattern of thermal/hypoxic cross-adaptation. Understanding potential shifts in genomic composition in response to climate change may be key to predicting the fate of biodiversity in a future, warmer world.</p>
Trial of Image-Guided Adaptive Conformal Photon vs Proton Therapy, With Concurrent Chemotherapy, for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Treatment Related Pneumonitis and Locoregional Recu
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00915005. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Risk-Adapted Chemotherapy in Treating Younger Patients With Newly Diagnosed Standard-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Localized B-Lineage Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01190930. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 7. Publications: 4.
Data from: Gene flow in the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima limits signatures of local adaptation across an extensive geographic range
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Intraspecific variation among Chinook salmon populations indicates physiological adaptation to local environmental conditions
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Data from: Does local adaptation along a latitudinal cline shape plastic responses to combined thermal and nutritional stress?
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Data from: Contrasting patterns of local adaptation along climatic gradients between a sympatric parasitic and autotrophic tree species
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Local adaptation to biotic interactions: a meta-analysis across latitudes
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The genetic architecture of repeated local adaptation to climate in distantly related plants
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Data from: The invasive plant Solidago canadensis exhibits partial local adaptation to low salinity at germination but not at later life‐history stages
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Data from: Local adaptation in mainland anole lizards: Integrating population history and genome-environment associations
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.