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Figure 3 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 3. Schematic locality details of the study area of Wunstorf and position of the cores: green (Voigt et al., 2008b), blue (Erbacher et al., 2020), and red (this study). Modified from Seibertz (2013: Fig. 5).

Figure 9 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 9. Columnar section of the Albian to Cenomanian part of the Wunstorf core Wu 2010/1 with agglutinated foraminiferal morphogroups, Fisher alpha index, species richness, and foraminiferal events (acmes) indicated by arrows. For log legend, see Fig. 3.

Figure 1 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 1. Paleogeographical map of Europe and the study area. (A) Paleogeography of Europe during the Cenomanian, modified after Philip and Floquet (2000). (B) Paleogeography of southern Lower Saxony during the early Cenomanian, modified from Wilmsen et al. (2021), base map from Hiss (1995).

Figure 7 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 7. Late Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminifers from the Lower Saxonian Cretaceous; scale bars are 100 µm. (a) Reophax subfusiformis, Wunstorf Wu2010/1, 54.00 m. (b) Pseudonodosinella nodulosa, Wunstorf Wu2010/4, 48.20 m. (c) Pseudonodosinella parvula, Wunstorf Wu2010/4, 48.20 m. (d) Pseudonodosinella troyeri, Baddeckenstedt section, 39.00 m. (e) Haplophragmoides suborbicularis, Wunstorf Wu2010/3, 70.50 m. (f) Haplophragmoides walteri, Wunstorf Wu2010/4, 48.95 m. (g) Ammobaculites agglutinans, Söhlde section, 31.00 m. (h) Ammobaculites wenonahae, Wunstorf Wu2010/1, 19.05 m. (i) Bulbobaculites problematicus, Wunstorf Wu2010/1, 24.75 m. (j) Spiroplectammina navarroana, Wunstorf Wu2010/4, 48.20 m. (k) Spiroplectinella cretosa, Baddeckenstedt section, 2.00 m. (l) Bicazammina lagenaria, Söhlde section, 24.00 m. (m) Parvigenerina sp. 3, Wunstorf Wu2010/4, 48.95 m. (n) Eobigenerina kuhnti, Söhlde section, 9.50 m. (o) Eobigenerina variabilis, Söhlde section, 1.50 m. (p) Rectogerochammina eugubina, Wunstorf Wu2010/4, 48.95 m. (q) Gerochammina stanislawi, Wunstorf Wu2010/4, 53.15 m. (r) Plectina cenomana, Wunstorf Wu2010/3, 45.00 m. (s) Plectina mariae, Wunstorf Wu2010/3, 84.00 m.

Figure 4 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 4. Correlated columnar sections of the Wunstorf cores Wu 2010/1 and Wu 2010/3 and their carbon isotope patterns. On the right correlation to the carbon isotopes of the Wunstorf Wu2011/8 core of Erbacher et al. (2020: Fig. 3) and to the Anderten-1 core of Bornemann et al. (2017: Fig. 3). Brown bar: correlation of a sequence boundary based on the isotopic pattern; green bar: correlation based on a bio-event; grey bar: correlation based on a lithoevent.

Figure 2 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 2. Chronostratigraphy, selected events, and depositional sequences as well as interpreted sea level curve of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous. Depositional sequences, associated sequence boundaries, and sea level curve are from Janetschke et al. (2015). Age of stage boundaries are from Gradstein et al. (2020).

Figure 13 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 13. Columnar section of the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary and the Lower to Upper Turonian part of the Söhlde–Loges quarry with agglutinated foraminiferal morphogroups, Fisher alpha index, species richness, and foraminiferal events (acmes) indicated by arrows. For log legend, see Fig. 4; log redrawn after Wiese (2009: Fig. 6).

Figure 10 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 10. Columnar section of the Lower Cenomanian part of the Wunstorf core Wu 2010/3 with agglutinated foraminiferal morphogroups, Fisher alpha index, species richness, and foraminiferal events (acmes) indicated by arrows. For log legend, see Fig. 3.

Figure 14 in Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins - implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation

Figure 14. Albian, Cenomanian, and Turonian FOs and LOs (first – and last occurrences) of selected agglutinated foraminifers from Lower Saxony (Wunstorf, Baddeckenstedt, Söhlde), the Münsterland (Frieg and Kemper, 1989) and the English Chalk (Hart et al., 1989), and the DWAF (deep-water agglutinated foraminifera) zonation of the western Tethys (Coccioni et al., 1995; Kaminski et al., 2011).

Fig. 2 in Cranial anatomy of the iguanodontoid ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China

Fig. 2. Skull roof of the iguanodontoid ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi Wang and Xu, 2001a (IVPP V12691) from the lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) Dakangpu Member of the Yixian Formation of Baicaigou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China. Photograph (A) and interpretative drawing (B) of the skull in left lateral view.

Fig. 3 in Cranial anatomy of the iguanodontoid ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China

Fig. 3. Cranial elements of the iguanodontoid ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi Wang and Xu, 2001a (IVPP V12691) from the lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) Dakangpu Member of the Yixian Formation of Baicaigou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China. Right pterygoid in medial view (A), predentary and snout (B), and maxillary and dentary tooth rows (C) in labial view (rostral is to the left).

Fig. 1 in Cranial anatomy of the iguanodontoid ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China

Fig. 1. Holotype skull of the iguanodontoid ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi Wang and Xu, 2001a (IVPP V12691) from the lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) Dakangpu Member of the Yixian Formation of Baicaigou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China. Photograph (A) and interpretative drawing (B) of the skull in left lateral view.

Fig. 4. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 4. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of ischia (small slab, both ischia are exposed in lateral view, anterior is to the right). Note the pronounced bend along the dorsal edge of the bone (arrows). Sacral and caudal centra between the ischia are exposed in ventral view.

Fig. 3. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 3. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex casts of sacral region. A. Large slab, dorsal view. B. Small slab, ventral view. Abbreviations: na, neural arches and spines; s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, sacral centra;?s6, possible 6th sacral centrum (may instead represent first caudal centrum); sr, sr1, sr2, sr5, sacral ribs; sr6, possible 6th sacral rib (may instead represent first caudal rib).

Fig. 2. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 2. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of right ilium (large slab) in lateral view.

Fig. 6. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 6. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of right tibia and fibula, partial right femur, and right pes (large slab). Tibia and fibula are exposed in posterior view; pes is exposed in anterior view. Note first phalanx of digit I. Roman numerals I–IV correspond to respective digits.

Fig. 5. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 5. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. Latex cast of distal left scapula and associated elements of the forelimb (large slab).

Fig. 1. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857 in The phylogenetic position of the ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Germany and the early fossil record of Pachycephalosauria

Fig. 1. Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. A. Large sandstone slab. B. Interpretative outline drawing of large latex cast (prepared from large sandstone slab), showing majority of postcranial skeleton in dorsal view. C. Small sandstone slab. D. Interpretative outline drawing of small latex cast (prepared from small sandstone slab), showing sacrum and caudals, pelvic region and partial hindlimbs in ventral view. For clarity elements in and around the sacral region have not been labelled—these areas are shown in greater detail in Fig. 3. Roman numerals II–IV correspond to respective digits. Abbreviations: mt, metatarsals; f, femur;?, unidentified element.

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Fig. 9 in A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 9. Scapulocoracoids and scapulae of sauropod dinosaurs, scaled to same length of scapular blade from posterior point of glenoid to posterior margin of blade. A. Mamenchisaurus youngi Young and Zhao, 1972, holotype ZDM0083, left scapulocoracoid, modified from Ouyang and Ye (2002: fig. 22). B. Diplodocus longus Hatcher, 1901, USNM 10865, right scapulocoracoid reversed, photograph by MPT. C. Camarasaurus supremus Cope, 1877, AMNH 5761 Sc. 1, left scapula, and AMNH 5761 Cor. 1, left coracoid, probably associated, modified from Osborn and Mook (1921: figs. 75, 81a). D. Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch, 1914), HMN Sa 9, left scapula, modified from Janensch (1961: pl. 15: 1). E. Rapetosaurus krausi Curry Rogers and Forster, 2001, holotype FMNH PR 2209, right scapula reversed, modified from Curry Rogers (2009: fig. 32). F. Brontomerus mcintoshi gen. et sp. nov. OMNH 27761, left scapula, tentatively reconstructed after Giraffatitan brancai.