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210 results for “Medical Data”
Data from: Accuracy and readability of cardiovascular entries on Wikipedia: are they reliable learning resources for medical students?
Objective: To evaluate accuracy of content and readability level of English Wikipedia articles on cardiovascular diseases, using quality and readability tools. Methods: Wikipedia was searched on the 6 October 2013 for articles on cardiovascular diseases. Using a modified DISCERN (DISCERN is an instrument widely used in assessing online resources), articles were independently scored by three assessors. The readability was calculated using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. The inter-rater agreement between evaluators was calculated using the Fleiss κ scale. Results: This study was based on 47 English Wikipedia entries on cardiovascular diseases. The DISCERN scores had a median=33 (IQR=6). Four articles (8.5%) were of good quality (DISCERN score 40–50), 39 (83%) moderate (DISCERN 30–39) and 4 (8.5%) were poor (DISCERN 10–29). Although the entries covered the aetiology and the clinical picture, there were deficiencies in the pathophysiology of diseases, signs and symptoms, diagnostic approaches and treatment. The number of references varied from 1 to 127 references; 25.9±29.4 (mean±SD). Several problems were identified in the list of references and citations made in the articles. The readability of articles was 14.3±1.7 (mean±SD); consistent with the readability level for college students. In comparison, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition had more tables, less references and no significant difference in number of graphs, images, illustrations or readability level. The overall agreement between the evaluators was good (Fleiss κ 0.718 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.83). Conclusions: The Wikipedia entries are not aimed at a medical audience and should not be used as a substitute to recommended medical resources. Course designers and students should be aware that Wikipedia entries on cardiovascular diseases lack accuracy, predominantly due to errors of omission. Further improvement of the Wikipedia content of cardiovascular entries would be needed before they could be considered a supplementary resource.
Data from: Do failures in non-technical skills contribute to fatal medical accidents in Japan? A review of the 2010–2013 national accident reports
Objectives: We sought to clarify how large a proportion of fatal medical accidents can be considered to be caused by poor Non-Technical Skills, and to support development of a policy to reduce numbers of such accidents by making recommendations about possible training requirements. Design: Summaries of reports of fatal medical accidents, published by the Japan Medical Safety Research Organization, were reviewed individually. Three experienced clinicians and one patient safety expert conducted the reviews to determine the cause of death. Views of the patient safety expert were given additional weight in the overall determination. Setting: A total of 73 summary reports of fatal medical accidents were reviewed. These reports had been submitted by healthcare organisations across Japan to the Japan Medical Safety Research Organization between April 2010 and March 2013. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The cause of death in fatal medical accidents, categorised into technical skills, non-technical skills, and inevitable progress of disease were evaluated. Non-technical skills were further sub-divided into situation awareness, decision-making, communication, team working, leadership, managing stress, and coping with fatigue. Results: Overall, the cause of death was identified as non-technical skills in 34 cases (46.6%), disease progression in 33 cases (45.2%), and technical skills in two cases (5.5%). In two cases, no consensual determination could be achieved. Further categorisation of cases of non-technical skills were identified 14 cases (41.2%) of problems with situation awareness, eight (23.5%) with team-working, and three (8.8%) with decision-making. These three sub-categories, or combinations of them, were identified as the cause of death in 33 cases (97.1%). Conclusions: Poor non-technical skills were considered to be a significant cause of adverse events in nearly half of the fatal medical accidents examined. Improving non-technical skills may be effective for reducing accidents, and training in particular sub-categories of non-technical skills may be especially relevant.
Data from: Evolution of cross-resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus through selection pressure of environmental fungicides
Resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus is an emerging problem for patients at risk of aspergillus diseases. There are currently two presumed routes for medical triazole-resistance selection: (i) through selection pressure of medical triazoles when treating patients and (ii) through selection pressure from non-medical sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting (SI) triazole fungicides which are used in the environment. Previous studies have suggested that SI fungicides can induce cross-resistance to medical triazoles. Therefore, to assess the potential of selection of resistance to medical triazoles in the environment, we assessed cross-resistance to three medical triazoles in lineages of A. fumigatus from previous work where we applied an experimental evolution approach with one of five different SI fungicides to select for resistance. In our evolved lines we found widespread cross-resistance indicating that resistance to medical triazoles rapidly arises through selection pressure of SI fungicides. All evolved lineages showed similar evolutionary dynamics to SI fungicides and medical triazoles, which suggests that the mutations inducing resistance to both SI fungicides and medical triazoles are likely to be the same. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that a variety of mutations were putatively involved in the resistance mechanism, some of which are in known target genes.
Data from: Silver nanoparticles as a medical device in healthcare settings: a five-step approach for candidate screening of coating agents
Silver nanoparticle-based antimicrobials can promote a long lasting bactericidal effect without detrimental toxic side effects. However, there is not a clear and complete protocol to define and relate the properties of the particles (size, shape, surface charge, ionic content) with their specific activity. In this paper, we propose an effective multi-step approach for the identification of a 'purpose-specific active applicability window' to maximize the antimicrobial activity of medical devices containing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (such as surface coaters), minimizing any consequent risk for human health (safety by design strategy). The antimicrobial activity and the cellular toxicity of four types of Ag NPs, differing in their coating composition and concentration have been quantified. Through the implementation of flow-field flow fractionation, Ag NPs have been characterized in terms of metal release, size and shape. The particles are fractionated in the process while being left unmodified, allowing for the identification of biological particle-specific contribution. Toxicity and inflammatory response in vitro have been assessed on human skin models, while antimicrobial activity has been monitored with both non-pathogenic and pathogenic Escherichia coli. The main benefit associated with such approach is the comprehensive assessment of the maximal effectiveness of candidate nanomaterials, while simultaneously indexing their properties against their safety.
Data from: A qualitative study on the development and rectification of advanced medical students' misconceptions about the physiological electrocardiogram (ECG)
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The study takes a qualitative and explorative approach to capture the concepts that German medical students have of the physiological electrocardiogram (ECG) which they acquired during their preclinical training. These concepts are then considered for possible misconceptions. Afterwards a theory-based intervention which allows subjects to see the connection of the curve progression with the spatial spreading of excitation (animated vector loop) is put to the test.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In the course of a diagnosis of learning potentials, individual students participated in problem-centred, guided interviews. The developed intervention was tested in separately conducted teaching experiments using thinking aloud protocols. The data evaluation was done through qualitative content analysis. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory, conceptions and their underlying embodied cognition were analysed.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>One of the subjects' typical misinterpretations is taking the progression of the ECG tracing for a mere increase and decrease of the myocardium's electrical activity, rather than connecting it with its spatial and temporal aspects. The data evaluation has shown that the newly developed theory-based intervention can lead to re-learning. Reconstructed metaphorical concepts illustrate this process of understanding. It is exemplarily shown how, through the course of the interviews, students are enabled to appropriately explain ECGs as the two-dimensional representation of the spatial excitation propagation in the heart.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By capturing typical misconceptions of the physiological electrocardiogram and demonstrating interventions that support learning, the study provides a contribution to comprehensive learning which can be used in the basic education of medical students.</p>
ALAMEDA Insoles Data with Medical annotations
<p>Data from smart insoles from Patients with PD, MS, and Stroke with annotations.</p>
Mapping of the dataset of the German National Regsitry for Rare Diseases (NARSE) to Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM)
<p>Mapping between the data set of the German National Registry for Rare Diseases ("Nationales Register für Seltene Erkrankungen"; <a href="https://www.narse.de/">NARSE</a>) to Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM) using international standards.</p>
Data from: Communication skills of medical students: Evaluation of a new communication curriculum at the University of Augsburg
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Teaching communication skills plays a pivotal role in medical curricula. The aim of this article is to describe and evaluate a new communication curriculum developed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg (KomCuA), which was conceptualized by an interdisciplinary team based on recommended quality standards (<em>i.e.,</em> helical, integrated, longitudinal).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total<strong> </strong>of 150 medical students enrolled in the 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, and ≥5<sup>th</sup> semester participated in the study. They completed an online survey (numerical rating scales and validated questionnaires) evaluating their current communication skills, how these developed across the curriculum in terms of quality and self-confidence, and how helpful they considered practicing in small group tutorials with simulated patients. The students' attitudes towards communication and empathy in the context of medical care were additionally assessed. The students' responses were compared across semesters using one-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, students reported improved communications skills due to attending the KomCuA and further considered practicing with simulated patients as being very helpful (large effect sizes). Compared to 1<sup>st</sup> semester students, 3<sup>rd</sup> and ≥5<sup>th</sup><strong> </strong>semester students reported better communication skills (medium to large effect sizes). Additionally, ≥5<sup>th</sup><strong> </strong>semester students showed stronger agreement towards the relevance of empathy in the context of medical care (medium effect size) compared to both 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> semester students.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The KomCuA has shown to be an effective communication curriculum to support medical students in the development of their communication skills and positive attitudes towards empathy. Additional studies assessing students' communication skills and empathic attitudes longitudinally are warranted to confirm the present results and to gain further knowledge on how these essential skills and attitudes develop across medical curricula.</p>
Data from: Perioperative medication management: expanding the role of the preadmission clinic pharmacist in a single centre, randomised controlled trial of collaborative prescribing
Objectives: Current evidence to support non-medical prescribing is predominantly qualitative, with little evaluation of accuracy, safety and appropriateness. Our aim was to evaluate a new model of service for the Australia healthcare system, of inpatient medication prescribing by a pharmacist in an elective surgery pre admission clinic (PAC) against usual care, using an endorsed performance framework. Design: Single centre, randomised controlled, two arm trial Setting: Elective surgery pre admission clinic in Brisbane based tertiary hospital Participants: Four hundred adults scheduled for elective surgery were randomised to intervention or control. Intervention: A pharmacist generated the inpatient medication chart to reflect the patient's regular medication, made a plan for medication perioperatively and prescribed VTE prophylaxis. In the control arm, the medication chart was generated by the Resident Medical Officers (RMO). Outcome Measures: Primary outcome was frequency of omissions and prescribing errors when compared against the medication history. The clinical significance of omissions was also analysed. Secondary outcome was appropriateness of VTE prophylaxis prescribing. Results: There were significantly less unintended omissions of medications: 11 of 887 (1.2%) intervention orders compared with 383 of 1217 (31.5%) control (p<0.001). There were significantly less prescribing errors involving selection of drug, dose or frequency: 2 in 857 (0.2%) intervention orders compared with 51 in 807 (6.3%) control (p<0.001). Orders with at least one component of the prescription missing, incorrect or unclear occurred in 20826 of 904 (235%) intervention orders and 445667 of 1034 (4364.5%) control (p<0.001). VTE prophylaxis on admission to the ward was appropriate in 93% of intervention patients and 90% control (p=0.29). Conclusion: Medication charts in the intervention arm contained fewer clinically significant omissions, and prescribing errors, when compared to control. There was no difference in appropriateness of VTE prophylaxis on admission between the two groups. Trial Registration: Registered with ANZCTR – ACTR Number ACTRN12609000426280
Resampled Prostate MRI data from Medical Segmentation Decathlon
<p>Contains the resampled prostate MRI data from Medical Segmentation Decathlon. </p>
Data from: Tolerability and efficacy of long-term medical therapy in primary aldosteronism
<p>Introduction: Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have increased cardiovascular risk and studies have found that medical therapy fails to ameliorate this. This may be due to side effects and limited efficacy of medications at tolerable doses.</p> <p>Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 201 patients with PA treated with medical therapy (spironolactone, eplerenone or amiloride) for PA from 2000-2020 at two tertiary centres. Patients were assessed for efficacy to achieve clinical and biochemical control, and for side effects.</p> <p>Results: 53.7% of patients achieved blood pressure <140/90mmHg, 44.6% achieved potassium ≥4.3mmol/L, 63.2% achieved renin >1ng/ml/hr, and only 24.6% achieved all three. Concordance of biochemical control using potassium and renin levels was 49%. 45.3% of patients experienced side effects, with 8.5% switching to another medication, 18.9% decreasing dose, and 10.0% stopping medications altogether. Risk factors for side effects were spironolactone use, dose ≥50mg, duration of treatment ≥1year, male gender and unilateral PA. Patients with unilateral PA, compared to bilateral PA, used higher median doses of spironolactone, 75mg vs 50mg, <i>P</i><0.001, but more had persistent hypokalemia, 20.5% vs 6.4%, <i>P</i>=0.007. 44 patients with unilateral PA underwent surgery after initial medical therapy, which further improved systolic and diastolic BP, from 142 to 134mmHg, <i>P</i><0.001, and from 85 to 79mmHg, <i>P</i><0.001, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion: Dose-dependent side effects limit the efficacy of medical therapy in PA. Future prospective studies should assess the best monitoring strategy for biochemical control during long-term medical therapy. In patients with unilateral PA, surgery remains a better option compared to life-long medications.</p>
[DATA_SCIENCE] Interviews: The Medical and Environmental Data Mash-up Infrastructure (MEDMI)
<p>This is a set of interview transcripts executed by Niccolò Tempini between March and October 2016, as part of the ERC project "The Epistemology of Data-Intensive Science", and in the context of a case study of MEDMI. Please read the "Notes on transcript editing" document for further information.</p> <p>Three papers or chapters that specifically make use of these interviews have been published as of 2020:</p> <ul> <li>Tempini, N., Leonelli, S., 2018. Concealment and discovery: The role of information security in biomedical data re-use. Soc Stud Sci 48, 663–690. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312718804875">https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312718804875</a></li> <li>Leonelli, S., Tempini, N., 2018. Where health and environment meet: the use of invariant parameters in big data analysis. Synthese 1–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1844-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1844-2</a></li> <li>Tempini, N. 2020. The Reuse of Digital Computer Data: Transformation, Recombination and Generation of <em>Data Mixes</em> in Big Data Science. In: Leonelli S., Tempini N. (eds) Data Journeys in the Sciences. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37177-7_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37177-7_13</a></li> </ul> <p>The transcripts document MEDMI researchers' experience of infrastructure development and data curation and re-use practices. Researchers have consented to have these transcripts made available as Open Data. Other interviewees did not give consent, so those transcripts are held securely by the research team in Exeter.<br> You also find the information sheet provided to interviewees, which gives you the context for this project. Further information and related publications can be found at www.datastudies.eu.</p>
Data from: Risk factors of falls in inpatients and their practical use in identifying high-risk persons at admission, Fukushima Medical University Hospital cohort study
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Data from: Reporting quality of randomized controlled trial abstracts among high-impact general medical journals: a review and analysis
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Data from: Silver nanoparticles as a medical device in healthcare settings: a five-step approach for candidate screening of coating agents
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Data from: Identification and prevalence of adverse drug events caused by potentially inappropriate medication in homebound elderly patients: a retrospective study using a nationwide survey in Japan
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Data from: Effects of school-based intervention by emergency medical technicians on students and their parents: a community-based prospective study of the Akashi Project
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Data from: An integrated iterative annotation technique for easing neural network training in medical image analysis
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Data from: Relationship among medical student resilience, educational environment and quality of life
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Data from: Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.