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Figs. 51–56 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 51–56. SEM micrographs of fourth instar of Coelioxys chichimeca. 51. Head, frontal view. 52. Head of another specimen, lateral view. 53. Hypostomal tubercle, frontal view, with sensilla greatly reduced in size. 54. Antenna, approximate frontal view. 55. Right mandible, outer view. 56. Spiracle.

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Figs. 60–67 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 60–67. Right mandible of larval instars 2–5 of Coelioxys chichimeca, respectively, dorsal and outer views; latter with their apices in maximum profile (all to same scale).

Figs. 23, 24 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 23, 24. Macrophotographs of cleared specimen of Stelis murina. 23. Spiracle, seen from inside body, showing spines on atrial wall and subparallel-sided subatrium. 24. Pleural swelling of abdominal segment 8 (identified by polygon), showing abundant setae and position of spiracle.

Figs. 13–15 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 13–15. Macrophotographs of head of Stelis murina, showing pattern and configuration of pigmentation, frontal (13), lateral (14), and ventral (15) views.

Fig. 1 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Fig. 1. Map showing the position of study sites 1 and 2 (Tel el-Kebir) and sites 3 and 4 (El- Huseiniya) in the vicinity of the Nile River Delta, northern Egypt.

Figs. 9–12 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 9–12. Diagrams of mature larva of Stelis murina. 9. Entire larva with setae omitted, lateral view; scale line 5 1.0 mm. 10, 11. Right mandible showing little wear, dorsal view and outer view (latter view with apex in maximum profile), respectively. 12. Right mandible of another larva showing excessive wear, so that dorsal tooth completely absent and lower tooth greatly rounded, outer view. All mandibles to same scale. Scale line 5 1.0 mm refers to fig. 9.

Figs. 7, 8 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 7, 8. SEM micrographs of egg of Osmia submicans. 7. Anterior end, rectangle identifying positions of micropyle. 8. Close-up of micropyle identified by rectangle in fig. 7.

Figs. 3, 4 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 3, 4. Mature oocytes of Stelis murina (3) and of its host, Osmia submicans (4), diagrammed from macrophotographs to the same scale (scale line 5 1.0 mm), demonstrating similarity in volume and slight differences in shape; anterior ends to left.

Fig. 2 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Fig. 2. The grain storage building at El-Huseiniya, site 4. Note erosion of adobe wall caused by nesting bees and hood of white pickup truck, lower left; see text for explanation.

Figs. 5, 6 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 5, 6. SEM micrographic of mature oocyte of Stelis murina. 5. Anterior end, rectangle identifying position of micropyle. 6. Close-up of micropyle identified by rectangle in fig. 5.

Figs. 14–19 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 14–19. SEM micrographs of mature larva of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 14. Right side of head showing antenna, anterior tentorial pit, part of labrum, and cranial setae, frontal view; rectangle identifying seta enlarged in fig. 18. 15. Close-up of antenna, showing three apical sensilla. 16. Apex of clypeus and labrum, frontal view. 17. Mouthparts, including salivary opening, frontal view. 18, 19. Two long cranial setae, showing large, elevated alveoli identified by arrows; fig. 18, from side of parietal at level of lower edge of parietal band, identified by rectangle in fig. 14; fig. 19 from upper area of parietal band.

Figs. 6–11 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 6–11. Diagrams of immatures of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 6. Egg, lateral view, other orientation uncertain. 7. Entire body of last larval instar, lateral view, with enlarged view of abdominal apex showing protruding anal region. 8, 9. Head of last larval instar, front and lateral views, respectively, with close-up of antenna in maximum profile. 10, 11. Right mandible of same, dorsal view, and outer view of apex in maximum profile, respectively.

Figs. 1–5 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 1–5. Photographs of nesting site and nest components of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 1, 2. Nesting site (arrow) of Hoplitis monstrabilis on campus of Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, and close-up of nest entrances (marked by dry plaster of Paris) identified by arrows, respectively. 3. Cell showing shape, lateral view from above. 4. Close-up of cell wall showing matt texture; note cell wall composed of compact soil (arrow). 5. Cell closure, inner view.

Figs. 12, 13 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 12, 13. Photographs of spiracle on cleared larva of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 12. Side view, showing elevation of rim and globular shape. 13. Oblique lateral view, showing peritreme and faint atrial ridges.

FIGURES 10, 11 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 10, 11. Diagrams of postdefecating larva and of dorsal part of pupa of Notanthidium chilense, lateral view, respectively, with setae approximated only on pupa.

FIGURES 5–9 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 5–9. SEM micrographs of cocoon of Notanthidiusm chilense. 5. Inner surface of cocoon wall showing thin layer of silk covering silk fibers. 6. Outer surface of the disc-shaped anterior end of cocoon showing concentric pattern of silk fibers and central nipple in which can be seen the openings to the passageways to the interior. 7. Close-up of nipple. 8. Inner surface of anterior end of cocoon also showing concentric pattern of silk fibers surrounding filter area of cocoon behind exterior nipple. 9. Close-up of filter area, revealing guarded openings to exterior of cocoon.

FIGURES 1–4 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 1–4. Partly dissected nest of Notanthidiusm chilense, outer view. 1. Nest surrounding twig of Baccharis. 2. Closer view of same (note cut shreds of cocoon fabric extending from right side of nest). 3. Same with stem rotated 90°. 4. Close-up of cell of same. Although much of the cocoon is removed, the front end remains in place with nipple pointing downward. Open area below cocoon is believed to have held feces. Note rough, dark, texture of nest matrix.

FIGURES 15–19 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 15–19. SEM micrographs of larval vestiture of Notanthidium chilense, all to same scale. 15. Cluster of setae of various lengths 16. Long, slender seta. 17. Shorter seta. 18, 19. Setae or spicules? FIGURE 20. Spiracle, external surface.

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FIGURES 33-34 in Nests, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of the Bee Haetosmia vechti (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Osmiini)

FIGURES 33-34. Diagrams of immatures of Haetosmia vechti, lateral views, drawn to same scale = 1.0 mm. 33. Postdefecating larva, demonstrating overall shape; vestiture not indicated. The specimen used for this illustration did not preserve well, so that the illustration lacks accuracy, although overall form is correct; the description is believed to be far more reliable. 34. Male pupa with vestiture indicated.