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FIGURE 5 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 5. Conodont range chart based on the Spanish Central Pyrenean sections. Precise CSU values are given in the Appendix.

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FIGURE 2. 1 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 2. 1. Map of Paleozoic rocks on the Iberian Peninsula and position of Figure 2.2 (black square), 2. Structural geological map of the Spanish Pyrenees with indication of the studied area (white square) and 2. Structural geological map of the Spanish Pyrenees with indication of the studied area (red square) and the most important faults and thrust faults, FNP: North Pyrenean Fault, CPP: Petites Pyrénées thrust fault, CFN: Frontal North Pyrenean thrust fault, CFS: Frontal South Pyrenean thrust fault [modified from Barnolas and Pujalte (2004)], 3. Map of the Devonian facies areas and subdivision of the southern facies area in the southern Spanish Pyrenees [modified from Zwart (1979)], studied area in black square, location of the sections indicated by black stars.

Fig. 10 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 10. Stellaphyllia luciensis gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure. DPO15.444. A. Occurrence of three different organisms in the same ultra−thin section: Stellaphyllia luciensis in transverse stellate section (h,top left),a larger transverse section of striatoporid tabulate coral (t,top right) and a small fragment of fenestellid bryozoan (b,bottom). Note the three different microstructures: extended microlamellae disposed in a large regular curve in Stellaphyllia,short and thick microllamellae arranged on both sides of narrow granular median plates in the tabulate coral,and very thin lamellae with a regular wavy patt ern of the bryozoan; × 220. B. Detail of the microstructure of Stellaphyllia luciensis gen. et sp. nov.: extended,rather thin microlamellae with cupular surface showing the same orientation of the cupules concavity towards growth direction of the skeleton; microlamellae are disposed in regular conformity; colour change in the lower left part corresponds to a change in the orientation of these microelements; × 450. C. Detail of the contact between a bryozoan in the lower part and an auloporid tabulate coral in the upper part. The bryozoan shows a microstructure composed of very thin lamellae lacking a clear cupulosity, disposed in a regular undulating pattern with each peak axed by a spiny trabecular structure. On the other hand,the auloporid tabulate shows a microstructure composed of larger and thicker lamellar elements than the bryozoan; × 450.

Fig. 8 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 8. Stellaphyllia luciensis gen. et sp. nov. Morphology. A. General view of a fragment of the thin section DPO 15440 containing two cross sections of heterocorals (white arrows),the holotype is marked with two arrows; × 4.5. B. Transverse section of DPO 15442−28,with four septa and a profile in the pro − cess of rounding−off. C. Transverse section of DPO 15442−40,with 4 septa and a rounded outline. D. Transverse section of DPO 15442−37,with four septa. Note that one of the septa is in the beginning of a bifurcation. E. Transverse section of DPO 15442−25. Note the stellate profile of the section and the presence of four septa,two of which are bifurcated. F. Specimen DPO 15442−38. Transverse section with five septa and a stellate profile. G. Transverse section of DPO 15442−32,with five septa and a slightly rounded profile. H. Specimen DPO 15442−24. Transverse section of a corallum with five septa and a markedly rounded outline.

Fig. 6 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 6. Suggested reconstruction of Stellaphyllia gen. nov. based on the model put forward in this paper. The drawing shows the kind of longitudinal section such as we have observed in our material. Soft tissue of the polyp (denser stipple on the surface) is supposed on the basis of the hard skeletal tissue and on the scleractinian polyps.

Fig. 5 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 5. Reconstruction of the skeletal development of Stellaphyllia gen. nov. based on the model of growth put forward in this paper,showing the differ − ent sections as they correspond to different ontogenetic stages. A to F correspond to series of reconstructed growth stages of a solitary corallite (not to scale).

Fig. 7 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 7. Comparison of morphology of Stellaphyllia gen. nov. (A–C),with Mariaephyllia (D) from the Fammenian of Poland,and Heterophyllia (E),and Oligophylloides (F), both from the Visean of Belgium.

Fig. 4 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 4. Schematic drawings of some of the sections studied,grouped according to the number of septa. Note the different sizes and outlines that can be f ound within each group. In the drawings,the septa can be distinguished by their dark midlines. Upper part (four septa): Specimens DPO 15442−33 (A),DPO 15442−41 (B),DPO 15440−8 (C),DPO 15442−40,paratype (D),DPO 15442−28 (E),and DPO 15442−31 (F). Middle part (five septa): Specimens DPO 15440−12 (G),DPO 15440−5,paratype (H),DPO 15442−24 (I),DPO 15442−32 (J),DPO 15442−23,paratype (K),15442−38 (L). Lower part (six septa): Specimens DPO 15442−27 (M),DPO 15440−4,paratype (N),DPO 15442−37 (O),DPO 15442−34 (P),DPO 15442−27 (Q),and DPO 15440−11,holotype (R).

Fig. 2 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the Santa Lucia Formation,near Geras de Gordón (the lowest part of this formation is lacking in this section). The sample with heterocorals was taken from the bed marked with a star. Modified from Tourneur et al. (1995).

Fig. 1 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 1. Geographic and geologic setting of the sample location. A. Simplified geology map of Cantabrian Mountains,NW Spain showing position of studied area. AO−L Zone indicates Westerasturian−leonese Zone ("Zona AsturOccidental−leonesa") and the rest of the figure belong to the Cantabrian Zone B. Detailed location of the outcrop.

Fig. 9 in A new Middle Devonian heterocoral from Spain

Fig. 9. Stellaphyllia luciensis gen. et sp. nov. Morphology. A. Specimen DPO 15440−3,cross−section (slightly oblique) with a stellate profile and four septa. B. Transverse section of DPO 15440−5. Note the stellate profile generated by the strong development of sclerenchyme. C. Transverse section of DPO 15440−12,with five septa and a rounded profile. Arrows point to the small granules over the external surface of the coralla. D. Transverse section of DPO 15440−4,DPO 15440−4,with six septa and a slightly stellate profile. E. Specimen DPO 15440−14. A cross section showing a heterocoral growing around a branching bryozoan. F. Transverse section of the specimen DPO 15440−11. Holotype. Cross section with a rounded profile,six septa and four interseptal loculi. Arrows point to three small granules over the external surface. All × 35.

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Fig. 5 in Soft-tissue attachments in orthocerid and bactritid cephalopods from the Early and Middle Devonian of Germany and Morocco

Fig. 5. SEM micrographs of Bactrites, and Cycloceras of early Emsian age (Early Devonian) from Ouidane Chebbi (Tafilalt, Morocco). The specimens coated with carbon. A. Bactrites sp. C; PIMUZ 7272; A1, detail of the annular elevation; note the rugged surface of the adoral part as well as the right and the median lobe of the annular elevation; A2, dorsal view of the same, showing last formed septum and posterior portion of body chamber; note the tracking bands, the mural band, and the annular elevation. B. Cycloceras sp.; PIMUZ 7263; B1, lateral view of a part of the phragmocone; B2, B3, same specimen, details of the wrinkle layer; note that the wrinkles are asymmetric in cross section with the steeper slope pointing adapically. C. Cycloceras sp.; PIMUZ 7261; detail of the conchal furrow. D.?Bactrites sp.; PIMUZ 7269; D1, detail of the wrinkle layer; D2, same specimen detail of the wrinkle layer in a smaller scale, note the asymmetry; D3, same specimen, overview of the adoral part of the body chamber.

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Fig. 2 in Soft-tissue attachments in orthocerid and bactritid cephalopods from the Early and Middle Devonian of Germany and Morocco

Fig. 2. Schematic outlines of the variability of the dorsal furrow in Acanthomichelinoceras commutatum (Giebel, 1852), showing the base of a chamber mould, with annular elevation dotted. Note the differences of the starting point of the dorsal furrow, sometimes within the mural area, sometimes within the annular elevation. A. NHW 56.9.05/402. B. NHW 56.9.05/404. C. MB.C.5366.4. D. MB.C.5366.1. Not to scale.

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Fig. 1 in Soft-tissue attachments in orthocerid and bactritid cephalopods from the Early and Middle Devonian of Germany and Morocco

Fig. 1. Soft−tissue attachment structures in cephalopods from the Wissenbach Schiefer (early Eifelian). A. Bactrites gracile (Blumenbach, 1803), NHW 62.11/W−23/64, dorsal view, note the two different grayish bands (arrows) forming a lobe. B. Bactrites sp. A, NHW 402, dorsal view (B1), note two successive, slightly undulated grooves. Same specimen, lateral view (B). Same specimen, ventral view (B), note the small lobe in suture line. Same specimen, +

Fig. 4 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 4. The shells of the Recent planktonic gastropod larvae bearing traces of repaired injuries. A. CGU JF819; A1, apical view of cypraeid protoconch with repaired apertural margin; A2, detailed view of specimen A1. B. CGU JF820; B1, detail of view of turrid protoconch; B2, lateral view of turrid protoconch. C. CGU JF821, naticid protoconch with repaired apertural margin. Damaged apertural margins indicated by white arrows. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 2. The shells of the Early Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites, with anomalous development of the shell ornament or having repaired injuries. A. The Emsian Homoctenus hanusi Bouček, 1964 (NM L6288) from Daleje−Třebotov Formation, Prague Basin, Holyně locality. Views showing an anomalous development of the shell ornamentation. B. The Pragian Nowakia (Turkestanella) acuaria Richter, 1854 (NM L6291) from Praha Formation, Prague Basin, Bráník locality. Views showing the irregular development of the rings. C. The Emsian Nowakia elegans Barrande, 1867 (CGU PL3970) from the Zlíchov Formation, Prague Basin, Klukovice Locality. Several views demonstrating the damage and the manner of shell repair. All shells illustrated have the same orientation (growth direction is from right to left). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 1. Diagrams illustrating the total generic diversity of the Order Dacryoconarida and their turnover rates (relative origination and extinction rates). The generic diversity (including the both genera and subgenera) is defined as the number of generic taxa ranging through the time unit, plus half of the number of those confined to the unit or ranging beyond the time unit, but originating or ending within it. Relative turnover rates (origination or extinction) is defined as the total number of generic level taxa originating or going extinct within the time unit, divided by the total generic diversity. Analysis is based on data of Alberti (1993, 1997a, b, 1998, 2000) and Sepkoski (2002).

Fig. 3 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 3. Reconstructions of the Emsian tentaculite Nowakia elegans Barrande, 1867. A. Adult shell having normal development. B. Reconstruction of the shell figured here as Fig. 2C.

Fig. 6. Middle Lower Devonian rhenorensselaeriid brachiopod Rhenorensselaeria demerathia Simpson, 1940 from Germany. A in A new genus of terebratulid brachiopod from the Siegenian of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge

Fig. 6. Middle Lower Devonian rhenorensselaeriid brachiopod Rhenorensselaeria demerathia Simpson, 1940 from Germany. A. Holotype. Internal mould of articulated specimen (SMF XVII 687 n). Saxler Beds (upper parts of Upper Siegen Beds) of a quarry 3/4 km north of Demerath, Eifel area, topographical mapsheet 1:25 000 Gillenfeld 5807. In posterior (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. Internal mould of articulated specimen (SMF XVII 687 o) and latex cast. Saxler Beds of a quarry 3/4 km north of Demerath, Eifel area, topographical mapsheet 1:25 000 Gillenfeld 5807. Internal mould, posterior view (B1); latex cast, interior of posterior portions of both valves (B2). C. Internal mould of articulated specimen (SMF 26340 a) and latex cast. Saxler Beds of south of Meiserich, point 367,8, Eifel area, topographical mapsheet 1:25 000 Gillenfeld 5807. Internal mould, posterior view (C1); latex cast, interior of posterior portions of both valves (C2). D. Internal mould of ventral valve (SMF XVII 687 r). Upper Siegen Beds of Auderather Mühle, Ollenbach, Eifel area, topographical mapsheet 1:25 000 Gillenfeld 5807. Oblique posterior view.