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Fig. 18 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 18. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249). A–B. First and second lobes of female genitalia, respectively. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 50 μm. Dotted circles and elipses represent cuticular orifices.

Fig. 8 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 8. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Chaetotaxy of opisthosomal tergite III. B. Chaetotaxy of opisthosomal sternite VI. C. Opisthosomal segments VIII–XI. D. Flagellum. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C–D = 100 μm.

Fig. 12 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 12. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀. A. Coxa of left pedipalp, holotype (MZSP 54247). B. Coxa of right leg I, paratype (MZSP 54249). C. Coxa of left leg II, holotype (MZSP 54247). D. Coxa of right leg III, paratype (MZSP 54249). E. Coxa of right leg IV, paratype (MZSP 54249). Scale bars = 60 μm. Thickened setae on coxae II, III and IV indicated by arrows.

Fig. 9 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 9. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov. A. Map of Brazil showing the placement of the Caatinga Biome, delimited in yellow, and of Toca do Gonçalo Cave (red dot), the type locality of A. canhembora sp. nov. B. Entrance of Toca do Gonçalo Cave and its surrounding landscape, characterized by the semiarid climate. C. Gallery of the lower level (right branch) of Toca do Gonçalo Cave, where individuals of A. canhembora sp. nov. were observed. D. Puddle of water inside the Gruta do Gonçalo Cave, with numerous calcite rafts on its surface. E. Area of the cave devoid of water with muddy substrate covered by many layers of calcite rafts. F–G. Live specimens photographed on a tray before being captured. H. Habitus of the specimen (ISLA 50395) captured in 2014 under a stereo microcope.

Fig. 1. Allokoenenia afra Silvestri, 1913. A. Opisthosomal segments VIII–XI in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 1. Allokoenenia afra Silvestri, 1913. A. Opisthosomal segments VIII–XI and first flagellar segment, ♀, typus. B. Flagellum (second to fourteenth flagellar segments), ♀, typus. C. Frontal organ, immature, cotypus. Scale bars: A–B = 100 μm; C = 10 μm.

Fig. 11 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 11. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀. A. Deutotritosternal setae, holotype (MZSP 54247). B. Proximal setae (p 1–p 6) on basal segment of chelicera (p 1 out of focus), holotype (MZSP 54247). C. Opisthosomal segments VII–XI, paratype (MZSP 54249). D. Proximal region of cheliceral hand showing the two thickened setae, holotype (MZSP 54247). E. Chaetotaxy of opisthosomal tergite IV, paratype (MZSP 54249). F. Chaetotaxy of opisthosomal sternite IV, paratype (MZSP 54249). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 30 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 35 μm; E–F = 20 μm.

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Fig. 4 in Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae)

Fig. 4. – Inflorescence structure and flower arrangements in Wendlandiella gracilis. A. 1-order ramification; B. Proximal ramification in basal rachillae; C. 2-branched order ramification in basal rachillae; D. Solitary female flowers (var. polyclada); E. Male flowers in an acervulus of two alternating rows (var. gracilis); F. Male flowers in an unordered acervulate complex (var. gracilis). [Abbreviations: fRae, fertile rachillae; pb, peduncular bract; py, prophyll; sh, sheath; sRae, sterile rachillae]

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Fig. 5 in Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae)

Fig. 5. – Staminate flower in Wendlandiella gracilis. A. Anthesis (var. polyclada); B. Androecium displaying filaments and anthers (var. gracilis); C. Pistillode (var. gracilis); D. Calyx (var. gracilis); E. TS at basal level (var. polyclada); F. Pollen intermixed with raphide idioblasts (var. gracilis). [Abbreviations: aS, alternating stamens; fi, filament; oS, opposite stamens; pD, pistillode; pe, petal; ri, raphide idioblast; vb, vascular bundle]

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Figs 6–8 in First record of the monotypic genus Paktoxotus Holzschuh, 1974 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) from Afghanistan, with description of female of P. pallidus Holzschuh, 1974

Figs 6–8. Morphological details of Paktoxotus pallidus: 6–7 – female; 8 – male from Afghanistan; 6, 8 – head and pronotum, dorsal view; 7 – head, ventral view.

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Figs 1–5 in First record of the monotypic genus Paktoxotus Holzschuh, 1974 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) from Afghanistan, with description of female of P. pallidus Holzschuh, 1974

Figs 1–5. Habitus and morphological details of Paktoxotus pallidus. 1 – male from Afghanistan; 2 – holotype male (photograph by Luboš Dembický); 3–5 – female; 4 – meta-

Fig. 16 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 16. Esca of Lophiomus spp. A. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). B. Ditto (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). C. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). D. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). F. Ditto, paratype (NTUM17682, sample ID: NC1978). G. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797) (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). H. Ditto (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7224). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 15. X in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 15. X-ray radiographs in dorsal view and zoom-in images of left pectoral-fin of Lophiomus spp. collected in this study for visualizing interspecific variations in pectoral-fin ray counts. A. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797), neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). B. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). C. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). D. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059).

Fig. 12 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 12. Lophiomus immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 13 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 13. Lophiomus nigriventris sp. nov. A–D. Holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). E–H. Subadult paratype (NTUM12188, sample ID: PNG3184). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 8 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 8. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). A–D. Neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). E–H. Large specimens (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 11. Lophiomus laticeps stat. rev., newly collected specimens. A–D in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 11. Lophiomus laticeps stat. rev., newly collected specimens. A–D. Large (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). E–H. Small (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). E–H. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, floor of mouth. D. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, floor of mouth. H. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0).

Fig. 10. Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 10. Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910, holotype (AMS E. 2973). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Floor of mouth. D. X-ray radiograph in dorsal view. E. X-ray radiograph in lateral view (white triangles indicate the dorsal-fin spines; gray triangles indicate the dorsal-fin rays). Photographed by K. Parkinson.

Fig. 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 6. CVA biplot of the first and second canonical variates (CV1 and CV2) of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 based on 16 measurements and meristic counts (see Results).

Fig. 14 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 14. Lophiomus carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Fresh specimen. D. Preserved specimen, floor of mouth.