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Fig. 11 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 11. Occipital surface of the referred specimen of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis IGM 100/1195. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 12 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 12. Referred specimen of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis IGM 100/1195 in anterior view. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 19 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 19. Coronal CT section through the braincase of the referred specimen of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis IGM 100/1195. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 38 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 38. Reduced strict consensus of the 60 most parsimonious trees obtained in the exploratory analysis including Isisfordia duncani (based on the information provided by Salisbury et al., 2006), showing only the relationship among neosuchians. The two alternative positions retrieved for Isisfordia duncani are indicated with grey lines.

Fig. 22 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 22. Cervicodorsal vertebrae of the referred specimen of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis IGM 100/1195. A, eighth cervical vertebra in posterolateral view; B, first dorsal vertebra in anterolateral view; C, anterior dorsal vertebrae in posterolateral view.

Fig. 28 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 28. Right distal half of humerus, right radius, and right ulna of referred specimen of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis IGM 100/1195 in medial (left) and lateral (right) views. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 34 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 34. Partial proximal ends of metatarsal IV and V of the referred specimen of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis IGM 100/1195 in lateral and posterior views.

Fig. 35 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 35. Individual and systematic variation in the dorsal osteoderms of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis. Paramedian or near paramedian osteoderms (A and C) and more laterally located osteoderms (B). Note the posteriorly restricted location of median ridge (character 274.0).

Fig. 8 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 8. Referred specimen of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis IGM 100/1195 in dorsal view. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 4 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 4. Holotype of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis AMNH FR 6412 in ventral view. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 5 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 5. Holotype of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis AMNH FR 6412 in lateral view. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 6 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 6. Holotype of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis AMNH FR 6412 in occipital view. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

Fig. 3 in Morphology Of The Late Cretaceous Crocodylomorph Shamosuchus Djadochtaensis And A Discussion Of Neosuchian Phylogeny As Related To The Origin Of Eusuchia

Fig. 3. Holotype of Shamosuchus djadochtaensis AMNH FR 6412 in dorsal view. See appendix 5 for abbreviations.

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Unexpected morphological diversity in ancient dogs compared to modern relatives

Dogs are among the most variable species today, but little is known about the morphological variability in the early phases of their history. The Neolithic transition to farming may have resulted in an early morphological diversification as a result of changes in the anthropic environment or intentional selection on specific morphologies. Here, we explore the variability and modularity in mandible form by comparing 525 dog mandibles from European archaeological sites ranging from 8,100 to 3,000 cal. BC to a reference sample of modern dogs, wolves, and dingoes. We use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify the form of complete and fragmented mandibles. We demonstrate that an important morphological variability already existed before the Bronze Age in Europe, yet the largest, smallest, most brachycephalic or dolichocephalic extant dogs have no equivalent in the archaeological sample, resulting in a lower variation compared to modern relatives. The covariation between the anterior and posterior parts of the mandible is lower in archaeological dogs, suggesting a low degree of intentional human selection in early periods. The mandible of modern and ancient dogs differs in functionally important areas, possibly reflecting differences in diet, competition, or the implication of ancient dogs in hunting or defense.

Figure 18 in A new classification of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) derived from a molecular phylogeny with morphological support

Figure 18. Diagnostic characters for genera of Eucalliacidae. Posterior carapace, sternite 7, pleopod1, coxa 4, basis of pereopod 5: a, Pseudocalliax. Carapace, eyestalks, antennules, antennae: b, Eucalliax. Telson, uropod: c, Calliaxina; d, Eucalliaxiopsis. Pleomere 6, telson, uropod: e, Paraglypturus; f, Eucalliax. Major cheliped: g, Paraglypturus; h, Eucalliax. Minor cheliped: i, Paraglypturus; j, Calliax; k, Pseudocalliax. Pereopod 3: k, Calliaxina; l, Calliax. Pereopod 4: m, Paraglypturus. Original illustrations: a, Pseudocalliax tooradin NMV J303; e, Calliaxina SA-01, UF 36699; h, Eucalliax quadracuta, Panama, NHMW 25916.

Figure 17 in A new classification of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) derived from a molecular phylogeny with morphological support

Figure 17. Diagnostic characters for genera of Ctenochelidae. Major cheliped: a, Ctenocheles; b, Ctenocheloides; c, Kiictenocheloides; d, Gourretia. Minor cheliped: e, Ctenocheloides; f, Kiictenocheloides; g, h, Paragourretia; i, Gourretia. Maxilliped 3: j, Gourretia. Male coxa 5: k, Laurentgourretia. Male pleopods 1, 2: l, m, Laurentgourretia. Original illustrations: k–m, Laurentgourretia rhopalommata, MNHN-IU-2014-11417.

Figure 14 in A new classification of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) derived from a molecular phylogeny with morphological support

Figure 14. Diagnostic characters for genera of Callichiridae. Pereopod 3: a, Audacallichirus; b, Karumballichirus; c, Neocallichirus; d, Lepidophthalmus; e, Mucrollichirus. Pleon, telson, uropods: f,Callichirus; g,Grynaminna; h,Michaelcallianassa. Telson, uropod:i,Audacallichirus; j, Balsscallichirus; k, Glypturoides; l, Karumballichirus; m, Lepidophthalmus; n, Mocallichirus; o, Kraussillichirus; p, Neocallichirus. Original illustrations: n, Mocallichirus mocambiquensis, UF 13986; e, Mucrollichirus mucronatus, MNHN-IU-2013-2777.

Figure 13 in A new classification of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) derived from a molecular phylogeny with morphological support

Figure 13. Diagnostic characters for genera of Callichiridae. Rostrum, eyestalks, antennules, antennae: a, Calliapagurops; b, Lepidophthalmus; c, Mocallichirus; d, Mucrollichirus; e, Karumballichirus; f, Audacallichirus; g, h, Glypturus; i, Corallianassa. Maxilliped 3: j, Mocallichirus; k, Glypturoides; l, Karumballichirus; m, Thailandcallichirus; n, Calliapagurops. Male major pereopod 1: o, Glypturus; p, Thailandcallichirus; q, Corallianassa; r, Mucrollichirus; s, Karumballichirus; t, Glypturoides; u, Laticallichirus. Minor pereopod 1: v, Balsscallichirus; w, Laticallichirus. Original illustrations: c, Mocallichirus mocambiquensis, UF 13986; d, r, Mucrollichirus mucronatus, MNHN-IU-2013-2777.

Figure 10 in A new classification of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) derived from a molecular phylogeny with morphological support

Figure 10. Diagnostic characters for genera of Callianassidae. Pereopod 3: a, Lipkecallianassa; b, Scallasis; c, Spinicallianassa; d, Jocullianassa. Male pleopod 1: e, Caviallianassa. Male pleopod 2: f, Caviallianassa; g, Poti. Original illustration: e, f, Caviallianassa FP-11, UF 29204.

Figure 7 in A new classification of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) derived from a molecular phylogeny with morphological support

Figure 7. Diagnostic characters for genera of Callianassidae. Maxilliped 3: a,Callianassa; b,Caviallianassa; c,Cheramoides; d,Lipkecallianassa; e, Necallianassa; f, Neotrypaea; g, Praedatrypaea; h, Pugnatrypaea; i, Scallasis; j, Spinicallianassa; k, Trypaea; l, Arenallianassa; m, Biffarius. Original illustrations: a, Callianassa; b, Caviallianassa; c, Cheramoides; d, Lipkecallianassa; e, Necallianassa; m, Biffarius delicatulus, NHMW 25542.