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9,152 results for “Networking”
Simulation results of adaptive multicast streaming for videoconferences in software-defined networks
<p>Real-time applications, such as video conferences, have strong Quality of Service requirements for ensuring a decent Quality of Experience. Nowadays, most of these conferences are performed over wireless devices. Thus, an appropriate management of both heterogeneous mobile devices and network dynamics is necessary. Software Defined Networking enables the use of multicasting and stream layering inside the network nodes, two techniques able to enhance the quality of live video streams. In this paper, we propose two algorithms for building and maintaining multicast sessions in a software-defined network. The first algorithm sets up the initial multicast trees for a given call. It optimally places the stream layer adaptation function inside the core network in order to minimize the bandwidth consumption. This algorithm has two versions: the first one, based on shortest path trees is minimizing the latency, while the second one, based on spanning trees is minimizing the bandwidth consumption. The second algorithm adapts the multicast trees according to the network changes occurring during a call. It does not recompute the trees, but only relocates the stream layer adaptation functions. It requires very low computation at the controller, thus making our proposal fast and highly reactive. Extensive simulation results confirm the efficiency of our solution in terms of processing time and bandwidth savings compared to existing solutions such as multiple unicast connections, Multipoint Control Unit solutions and application layer multicast.</p>
Linking temporal changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment: The Nutrient Network
Global change drivers, such as anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are increasing globally. Nutrient deposition simultaneously alters plant biodiversity, species composition, and ecosystem processes like aboveground biomass production. These changes are underpinned by species extinction, colonization, and shifting relative abundance. Here, we use the Price equation to quantify and link the contributions of species that are lost, gained, or that persist to change in aboveground biomass in 59 experimental grassland sites. Under ambient (control) conditions, compositional and biomass turnover was high, and losses (i.e., local extinctions) were balanced by gains (i.e. colonization). Under fertilization, the decline in species richness resulted from increased species loss and from decreases in species gained. Biomass increase under fertilization resulted mostly from species that persist, and to a lesser extent from species gained. Drivers of ecological change can interact relatively independently with diversity, composition, and ecosystem processes and functions such as aboveground biomass due to the individual contributions of species lost, gained, or persisting.
Lignin, litter, and soil carbon decomposition from soil samples collected from 20 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites in 2019
These data support the findings of a manuscript by Huang et al. (2023) published in Nature Communications (doi pending). We used incubations of soil and stable isotope measurements to measure lignin, litter, and SOC decomposition over an 18-month lab incubation and assessed their relationships with geochemical, microbial, N-related and climatic factors across 156 mineral soils collected from 20 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites, which span broad biophysical gradients (climate, soil, and vegetation type) across North America. The soils were collected in 2019. Lignin decomposition and biogeochemical variables were also measured in an approximately 12-month field incubation.
Oregon Prioritization package for expanding the Motus network in the Pacific Flyway
Addressing survival and movement of priority migratory avian species of concern along the Pacific Flyway is paramount for their conservation. Yet, the migratory life stage is understudied in many avian species. The Motus radiotelemetry receiver network is an established system for tracking survival and movement of avian species. This network is an international collaborative that successfully identifies stopover site duration, connected migratory routes, post-fledging dispersal and survival, and adult survival and fidelity on a landscape-scale; parameters that cannot be easily estimated using non-tagged birds. While the Motus network is highly connected in eastern North America, the western part of the continent is lagging in coverage and connectivity, limiting the ability to obtain sample sizes large enough to robustly model demographic parameters from tagged birds. Thus, the expansion of the Motus network is a high priority for Pacific Flyway State Agencies. To date, no method exists for determining priority locations for new Motus receiving stations. With collaborations from States and the Canadian Province of British Columbia, we used eBird citizen scientist data to prioritize strategic locations for new Motus receiving stations throughout the Pacific Flyway. We model priority species’ co-occupancy of varying abundance states (i.e., absent, present, abundant, abundant in multiple weeks) with spatially varying Landsat (red and near infrared), water, land cover types, and weather covariates while accounting for variable detection with temporally varying survey effort covariates. Using occupancy model predictions, we identify high-use areas of the Pacific Flyway for establishing new Motus receiving towers that have high probabilities of intercepting high presence and /or abundance of multiple species of interest in a series of predictive occupancy maps. This package contains all data used to model high occurrence of multiple priority species as well as predictive m
New Hampshire Soil Sensor Network: Snow depth (2012-2022)
The goal of the New Hampshire Soil Sensor Network is to examine spatial and temporal changes in soil properties and processes as the climate changes. Data collected can also calibrate and validate models that examine how ecosystems may respond to changing climate and land use. To determine how soil processes are affected by climate change and land management, this soil sensor network measures snow depth, air temperature, soil temperature, soil volumetric water content, and soil electrical conductivity, as well as soil CO2 fluxes. This data package includes data from snow depth sensors. Data were collected at the following sites: BRT = Bartlett Experimental Forest, Bartlett, NH; BDF = Burley-Demmerit Farm, Lee, NH; DCF = Dowst Cate Forest, Deerfield, NH; HUB = Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Woodstock, NH; SBM = Saddleback Mountain, Deerfield, NH; THF = Thompson Farm, Durham, NH; and Trout Pond Brook, Strafford, NH.
Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree rings and basal area increment from mature temperate forests within the AmeriFlux network.
Data were used to investigate long-term changes in tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE, i.e., the ratio between CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance) and the underlying physiological mechanisms. We used delta18O to estimate the 18O enrichment in leaf water above the source water, Delta18OLW. Moreover we assessed the relationship between isotope-derived parameters and atmospheric CO2 (ca) and climate factors. Isotope-related parameters included in the dataset are: alpha-cellulose delta13C, carbon isotope discrimination (Delta13C), intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) and the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ci/ca), alpha-cellulose delta18O, estimated delta18O in precipitation (see Method), oxygen isotope discrimination above the source water (Delta18O). The dataset includes also the following climate parameters: growing season temperature (Tgrs), precipitation (Pgrs) and vapor pressure deficit (VPDgrs) and mean annual temperature (Ta), precipitation (Pa) and vapor pressure deficit (VPDa), and standard precipitation-evaporation index relative to August, with 3 months lag (SPEI8_3) from the global database. Finally, we also include the ca values that were used to calculate delta13C, iWUE and ci/ca. All the equations used to calculate the isotope-derived parameters, including the leaf water Delta18O (see Figure 3 in Guerrieri et al. 2019 PNAS) are also provided.
LAGOS-US NETWORKS v1.0: Data module of surface water networks characterizing connections among lakes, streams, and rivers in the conterminous U.S
Knowing the degree of surface water connectivity among aquatic ecosystems can help scientists better understand and predict the movement of materials and biota across ecosystems. Methods to quantify surface water networks that include lake and stream connections at broad spatial scales are rare because it is difficult to balance accurate estimates of surface water connectivity and computational challenges. The LAGOS-US NETWORKS (NETS) module contains surface connectivity metrics for lake networks across the conterminous United States. We applied a graph theory approach to identify lake networks (i.e. a set of lakes connected by streams either upstream, downstream, or both) created from the medium resolution NHD lakes, streams, and rivers and subsequently derive surface water connectivity metrics for lakes and networks. Using this approach, we created a total of 898 networks that include 86,511 lakes. The NETS module includes a table with metrics for connections between lakes (both upstream and downstream), dams, network position, and whole networks. NETS also includes a flow table and bidirectional and unidirectional distance tables that provide the distances between every pair of connected lakes.
Transportation network system including trails, road construction history, and gates for the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1952-2011
Transportation network locations within the Andrews Experimental Forest. Includes locations of all the roads, trails, and gates within and around the forest. Original road layer was drawn on maps in 1992 and field validated. The road construction history (1952-1990) has been captured as an attribute. Roads were updated in 2004 to include roads that have been abandoned. Gates were field checked in 2004, as well as trail locations. The three data sets were updated after the 2008 LiDAR data was delivered. Roads were digitized on-screen from the bare-earth DEM, and gates were moved to match the new road network. Trails were updated for the 2011 Andrews map update. Many were located through GPS, and new trails were added. The original data is represented, as well as the updated datasets. The road network dataset is in an esri file geodatabase format, and the other datasets are in esri shapefile format, and all are in a zipped file format.
Stream and air temperature data from stream network in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1997-2001
This study examines stream temperatures and associated air temperatures at multiple sites in stream networks within the Andrews Experimental Forest. Stream temperature sensors were placed at matched elevations in the main headwater streams of Lookout Creek, Mack Creek and McRae Creek as well as above and below major confluences in downstream reaches. Air temperatures were recorded 1.5 m above the stream at selected sites. Data were collected every half hour during late spring and summers. Some sites have data during fall and winter. Sensors were also placed in bottom of shallow piezometric wells in WS 3.
Arts and humanities in the LTER Network: understanding extent, values, and challenges by assessing the relevance of empathy in the LTER Network, 2013-2014
The Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) Network is a collection of 25 National Science Foundation-funded sites committed to long-term, place-based investigation of the natural world. While activities primarily focus on ecological research, arts and humanities inquiry emerged in 2002 and since then a substantial body of creative work has been produced at LTER-affiliated sites. These art-humanities-science collaborations parallel a wider trend in universities and nonprofits. However, there is little empirical work on the value and effectiveness of this work. After launching a survey in 2013 to assess the values and challenges associated with arts and humanities in the LTER Network, which identified empathy as a meaningful potential outcome of this creative work, we conducted a follow-up analysis to understand: the relevance of empathy in the LTER Network; the role of empathy in bridging arts, humanities, and science collaborations; and the capacity of empathy to connect wider audiences both to LTER science and to the natural world. Our research included phone interviews with representatives from 15 LTER sites and an audience perception survey at an LTER-hosted art show. We found that arts-humanities-science collaborations have great potential to catalyze relationships between scholars, the public, and the natural world; cultivate inspiration and empathy for the natural world; and spark awareness shifts that can enable pro-environmental behavior. Our research demonstrates the potential for art-humanities-science collaborations to facilitate conservation attitudes and action in the Network and beyond.
Advanced Resolution Canopy FLOw (ARCFLO) experiment employing the SUbcanopy Sonic Anemometer Network (SUSAN) in WS01 of the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, July-September 2012
This dataset was collected during one of the ARCFLO (Advanced Resolution Canopy FLOw) experiment series’ field campaigns. This field campaign was carried out in WS1 of the HJ Andrews Experimental forest during July-September 2012 by the biomicrometeorology group, PI Christoph Thomas. The ARCFLO experiment series spanned a wide range of topographic conditions (flat, sloped, mountainous) and canopy architectures (grassland, orchard, open forest, dense forest) and was carried out between 2011 and 2014. It was funded through the NSF Career Award in Physical and Dynamical Meteorology to PI Christoph Thomas. The main goal of this project was to develop a novel improved framework to describe the airflow and its transport under weak-wind conditions for a continuous variation of overstory density and stratification. The objective is to i) identify forcing mechanisms of submeso motions, ii) evaluate the impact of plant canopies of different overstory density on the wind, temperature, and humidity fields, and iii) improve predictors for mixing in plant canopies that incorporate the important physical mechanisms. Observations were be made with a unique combination of new and standard techniques including optical fiber measurement of temperature structure, acoustic remote sensing, ultrasonic anemometers, and laser-illuminated flow visualizations.
Stream nitrate concentrations and discharge, stream nitrate uptake, and results of stream network nitrate model to determine lateral nitrate load from land to stream in Oak Creek, Arizona, USA
Data package associated with Handler et al. (2024) "Nitrate loads from land to stream are balanced by in-stream nitrate uptake across season in a dryland stream". The study describes the nitrate dynamics in Oak Creek watershed. Data include measurements from four seasonal synoptic sampling campaigns, nine seasonal stream nitrate uptake experiments on the main stem and tributaries, and the results of a network model that estimates the lateral load of nitrate from surrounding landscape to the stream network as well as network-level stream nitrate uptake and retention.
Monthly precipitation data from a network of standard gauges at the Jornada Experimental Range (Jornada Basin LTER) in southern New Mexico, January 1916 - ongoing
This ongoing dataset contains monthly precipitation measurements from a network of standard can rain gauges at the Jornada Experimental Range in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. Precipitation physically collects within gauges during the month and is manually measured with a graduated cylinder at the end of each month. This network is maintained by USDA Agricultural Research Service personnel. This dataset includes 39 different locations but only 29 of them are current. Other precipitation data exist for this area, including event-based tipping bucket data with timestamps, but do not go as far back in time as this dataset.
NUT01 Nutrient Network: Investigating the roles of nutrient availability and vertebrate herbivory on grassland structure and function at Konza Prairie
The goals and focal research questions are copied below from the Nutrient Network website. More information can be found at nutnet.org. NutNet focal research questions: (1) How general is our current understanding of productivity-diversity relationships? (2) To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbacoues-dominated communities? (3) Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? NutNet goals: (1) To collect data from a broad range of sites in a consistent manner to allow direct comparisons of environment-productivity-diversity relationships among systems around the world. This is currently occurring at each site in the network and, when these data are compiled, will allow us to provide new insights into several important, unanswered questions in ecology. (2) To implement a cross-site experiment requiring only nominal investment of time and resources by each investigator, but quantifying community and ecosystem responses in a wide range of herbaceous-dominated ecosystems (i.e., desert grasslands to arctic tundra).
ESM01 Fire and grazing modulate the structure and resistance of plant-floral visitor networks in a tallgrass prairie
Data from the study: Welti, E.A.R. and Joern, A. 2017. Fire and Grazing modulate the structure and resistance of plant-floral visitor networks in a tallgrass prairie. Oecologia 186: 447-458. EMS011 dataset contains counts of blooming inflorescences of plant species on 12 Konza watersheds in June-July of 2014; ESM012 dataset contains associations between flower-visiting insects and insect-pollinated flowering plants on 12 Konza watersheds collected in May-July of 2014; ESM013 dataset describes insects belonging to the orders of Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera collected in pantrap transects on 12 Konza watersheds collected in June - July of 2014.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Sensor Network: Bottom-mounted CTD Data - GUMPR, 2006-2012
Physical oceanographic data from bottom-mounted instrumentation (Seabird 16+ CTD) were sampled year-round on Gump reef in Cooks Bay on Moorea, French Polynesia (GUMPR site). Sampling began in 2006 until early 2012. The CTD measured conductivity, temperature, pressure, from which density and salinity were calculated. Data were collected every 5 minutes, processed and reported every 20 minutes. The instrument is mounted 2 m above the bottom in 6 m of depth. These data streamed near real-time as part of the Digital Moorea project (no longer active.) Daily, weekly, monthly and yearly means were calculated for temperature, salinity, and density. This is a completed timeseries which ended early 2012. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Alpine species transplant experiment within the sensor network, 2019 - 2021.
Weekly monitoring of survival and other fitness traits of 11 transplanted alpine species in addition to, non-transplanted, native, individuals. Individuals were monitored from early June to the end of August for survival and other fitness traits. Beginning in early July individuals from each species were transplanted to grids that were established near existing soil moisture sensors. Individuals were tracked until all had senesced however senescence was only indicated in transplants if it was irregular from native individuals.
Supplemental soil moisture and temperature data from the saddle catchment sensor network, 2019 - 2021.
Hand-held soil moisture measurements were taken at 8 of 16 soil moisture sensors within the sensor network at Niwot Ridge to supplement the continuous measurement system at these locations. The hand-held measurements occur much less frequently than the 10 min sensor data, but they are important in determining the spatial variability of soil moisture in the alpine.
Information Filtering in Electronic Networks of Practice: An fMRI Investigation of Expectation [Dis]confirmation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
BTC-Blockchain-Network-Data
<p>File GKvolatility-2011-2017.txt contains the Garmann-Klass dailiy volatility.</p> <p>File BTC-BlockchainData_2017.txt contains the processed BTC blockchain transaction network.</p> <p>Column 1 = source node id<br> Column 2 = target node id<br> Column 3 = transaction time - unix timestamp of the transaction (seconds since<br> % 1970-01-01)<br> Column 4 = amount of bitcoins trasferred from source to node at transaction time</p> <p>For details about the data and citation:<br> ino Antulov-Fantulin, Dijana Tolic, Matija Piskorec, Zhang Ce, Irena Vodenska, Inferring short-term volatility indicators from Bitcoin blockchain, Complex Networks and Their Applications VII. COMPLEX NETWORKS 2018. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 813. Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05414-4_41</p> <p>Link on arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07856</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.