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773 results for “Orchid”
Figure 7 in A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) representing the morphological 'Marmoratus species group' from Sessa Orchid Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India
Figure 7. Maximum likelihood tree based on 560 bp of mt 16s rRNA for the species of Amolops.
Fig. 3 in Ants tend ghost orchids: patrolling of Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Crematogaster ashmeadi in Florida
Fig. 3. An individual Crematogaster ashmeadi patrolling the roots of Dendrophylax lindenii.
Smithsonian Orchids
<p>The Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection (SGOC) has grown from five plants to over 8,000 specimens since 1974. It is an invaluable resource for educational programs, exhibitions, and scientific research. It is maintained in the Smithsonian Gardens Greenhouse Facility in Suitland, Maryland by staff, interns, and volunteers.</p> <p>http://gardens.si.edu/collections-research/orchid-collection.html</p>
Figures 38–39 in Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups
Figures 38–39. Euglossa (Euglossella) cyanea Friese, male. 38. Dorsal habitus. 39. Lateral habitus.
Figures 60–61 in Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups
Figures 60–61. Euglossa (Euglossella) polita Ducke, male. 60. Dorsal habitus. 61. Lateral habitus.
Figures 16–17 in Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups
Figures 16–17. Euglossa (Euglossella) azurea Ducke, male. 16. Dorsal habitus. 17. Lateral habitus.
Figures 1–2 in Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups
Figures 1–2. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty), male. 1. Dorsal habitus. 2. Lateral habitus.
Fig. 16 in Pollinia removal and suspected pollination of the endangered ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by various hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): another mystery dispelled
Fig. 16. Photo of Dendrophylax lindenii pollinia.
Figure 1 in Orchid bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) are seasonal in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, southern Brazil
Figure 1. Orchid bee phenology in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, (A-C) Eufriesea violacea, (D-G) Euglossa cordata, (H-I) Eulaema nigrita.
Fungal data of leafless epiphytic orchids
<p>This dataset contains fungal phylogenetic and community data from the paper: "Qin, Jiao; Zhang, Wei; Feng, Jing‑Qiu; Zhang, Shi‑Bao (2021), Leafless epiphytic orchids share Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01043-4". One sequence matrix and the relevant phylogenetic tree were displayed to show the relationships among fungi of Ceratobasidiaceae. The sequence abundances of each mycorrhizal fungal OTU detected from different samples, together with the sampling information, were listed in the uploaded excel.</p>
Spatial distribution and its limiting environmental factors of native orchid species diversity in the Beipan River Basin of Guizhou Province, China
<p>Understanding the distribution of biodiversity and its determinants, particularly that of ecologically sensitive ones, has long been intriguing to the science community and will help formulate conservation strategies under future climate changes. To this end, we conducted extensive field surveys on the distribution of orchid flora in the Beipan River Basin in Guizhou Province, which is one of the biodiversity conservation priorities in China. The data we acquired, together with those published previously, were converted into orchid species richness for each of the 3km × 3km grid cells covering the study region. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) were then applied to determine which of the 30 environmental factors are potentially critical for the spatial distribution of orchid flora we have observed. Despite a moderate spatial extent, we found that the Beipan River Basin harbors about 249 native orchid species belonging to 74 genera, equivalent to 14.5% of orchid flora of China. Orchid species richness in this area follows a descending gradient from the southeast to the northwest, 70.41% of its variation among grid cells can be explained by environmental factors and spatial variables, and spatial variables accounted for 63.90% of the spatial variation of orchid distribution, indicating that spatial variables played a dominant role in the distribution of wild orchidaceae species richness. In addition, the main environmental driver is the mean temperature of the wettest quarter. Our study provides a good example for revealing the main drivers of orchid distribution characteristics, and has a certain reference value for the development of orchid conservation strategies.</p>
Geographic isolation alone does not explain divergence of a group of orchid species across Brazil's campos rupestres sky-islands
<p class="MsoNormal">Mountains play a crucial role in the origin and maintenance of Neotropical biodiversity, but there are still unanswered questions about the diversification of the <em><span>campos rupestres</span></em> (CR), an herbaceous-shrubby sky-island vegetation in Eastern South America. For orchids distributed across this disjunct rock habitat, difficulties with distinguishing morphological taxa add an additional challenge to disentangling the history of divergence. Here, we combined the power of ddRAD genomic data with broad sampling of <em>Bulbophyllum</em> sect. <em>Didactyle</em> (Orchidaceae), across the CR and other Neotropical outcrops, to estimate evolutionary relationships and reconstruct the biogeography of the group's diversification. Although genetic lineages generally align with geographic disjunctions, we also observe distantly related lineages within some previously recognized species. For such taxa, their lack of monophyly and a shared regional divergence pattern suggests a complex history that may include unrecognized diversity. When viewed through the lens of morphological variability, our study raises intriguing questions about the persistence and permeability of species barriers among orchid populations. These results, in addition to the recency of the divergence history of <em>B.</em> sect. <em>Didactyle,</em> provide insights about hypothesized community level versus species-specific paths of diversification across the Neotropical sky-islands of the CR.</p>
Phylogenomics reveals within species diversification but incongruence with color phenotypes in widespread orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
<p>Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for taxonomic studies and has been widely used for identifying insect species and populations. However, coloration can be a poor diagnostic character for insect species that exhibit high polymorphism in this trait, which can lead to over-splitting of taxonomic units. In orchid bees, color variation has been interpreted by different taxonomists as either polymorphism associated with Mullerian mimicry complexes or diagnostic traits for species identification. Despite this uncertainty, integrative approaches that incorporate multiple independent datasets to test the validity of hair coloration as a character that identifies independent evolutionary units have not been used. Here, we use phylogenomic data from Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) to explore whether color phenotypes in the widespread orchid bee species complexes <em>Eulaema</em> <em>meriana</em> and <em>Eulaema</em> <em>bombiformis</em> (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) correspond to independent lineages or polymorphic trait variation within species. We find that lineages within both species are structured according to geography and that color morphs are generally unassociated with evolutionarily independent groups except for populations located in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We conclude that there is compelling evidence that <em>E. atleticana </em>and <em>E. niveofasciata</em> are subspecies of <em>E. meriana</em> and <em>E. bombiformis</em>, respectively, and not different species as previously suggested. Therefore, we recognize <em>Eulaema meriana atleticana</em> comb. n. and <em>Eulaema bombiformis niveofasciata</em> comb. n. and discuss their morphological characteristics. We make recommendations on the use of color traits for orchid bee taxonomy and discuss the significance of subspecies as evolutionary units relevant for conservation efforts.</p>
Orchid-mycorrhizal fungi interactions reveal a duality in their network structure in two European regions differing in climate
<p><span>Network analysis is an effective tool to describe and quantify the ecological interactions between plants and root-associated fungi.</span><span> Mycoheterotrophic plants, such as orchids, critically rely on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrients to survive, therefore, investigating the structure of those intimate interactions brings new insights into the plant community assembly and coexistence. So far, there is little consensus on the structure of those interactions, described either as nested (generalist interactions), modular (highly specific interactions) or of both topologies. Biotic factors (e.g., mycorrhizal specificity) were shown to influence the network structure, while there is less evidence of abiotic factor effects. By</span><span> using next-generation sequencing of the orchid mycorrhizal fungal (OMF) community associated with 238 plant individuals belonging to 17 orchid species, we assessed the structure of four orchid-OMF networks in two European regions under contrasting climatic conditions (Mediterranean vs Continental).</span> <span>Each network contained four to 12 co-occurring orchid species, including up to eight species shared among the sites</span><span>. All four networks were both nested and modular, and fungal communities were different between co-occurring orchid species, despite multiple sharing of fungi across some orchids. Co-occurring orchid species growing in Mediterranean climates were associated with more dissimilar fungal communities, consistent with a greater modular structure compared to the Continental ones. The OMF diversity was comparable among orchid species since most orchids were associated with multiple rarer fungi and with only a few highly dominant ones in the roots. Our results provide useful highlights on potential factors involved in structuring plant-mycorrhizal fungi interactions in different climatic conditions.</span></p>
Database for "Phenotype-fitness relationships and pollen transfer efficiency of five orchid species with different pollination strategies" American Journal of Botany 2023
<p>Public data from the paper: Phenotype-fitness relationships and pollen transfer efficiency of five orchid species with different pollination strategies by M. Capò, J. Borràs, S. Perellò-Suau, J. Rita and J. Cursach, published in American Journal of Botany 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7826601">DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7826601</a></p>
Dataset from: The origin and fate of fungal mitochondrial horizontal gene transferred sequences in orchids (Orchidaceae)
<p>The transfer of DNA among distantly related organisms is relatively common in bacteria but less prevalent in eukaryotes. Among fungi and plants, few of these events have been reported. Two segments of fungal mitochondrial DNA have been discovered in the mitogenome of orchids. Here, we build on their work to understand the timing of those transfer events, which orchids retain the fungal DNA, and the fate of the foreign DNA during orchid evolution. We update the content of the large DNA fragment and establish that it was transferred to the most recent common ancestor of a highly diverse clade of epidendroid orchids that lived ~28–43 Mya. Also, we present hypotheses of the origin of the small transferred fragment. Our findings deepen the knowledge of these interesting DNA transfers among organelles and we formulate a probable mechanism for these horizontal gene transfer events.</p>
The relative role of climate and biotic interactions in shaping the range limits of a neotropical orchid
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>The center-periphery hypothesis (CPH) explains the decline of species abundance towards range limits and how this is driven by increasing ecological marginality. So far, most studies testing the CPH have focused on abiotic factors contributing to marginality, while the role of biotic interactions in limiting species distribution has been neglected. Here, we investigate both drivers' roles in potentially restricting an orchid's range along a broad environmental gradient.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Pampas biomes (south and southeastern Brazil) Taxa Sand dune orchid <em>Epidendrum fulgens</em> (Orchidaceae).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We integrated empirical data on geographical distribution, pollinator richness, and niche models to investigate whether range limits match predicted niche limits and whether habitat suitability declines towards low- and high-latitude species ranges. In addition, we used genetic-derived metrics to test whether populations at range edges are indeed small and isolated, as predicted by the CPH.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Our results show that ecological conditions become more marginal towards the edges of the <em>E. fulgens</em> range, with an abrupt variation in climate. We also found that the climate has primarily shaped the species' high-latitude limit, while pollinator richness increases habitat suitability of <em>E. fulgens </em>in the low-latitude edge range, likely explaining the species' persistence. Genetic diversity within <em>E. fulgens</em> populations decreases while genetic differentiation increases towards both margins, although with a more consistent pattern for the low-latitudinal component.</p> <p><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong></p> <p>Our results corroborate most of the predictions associated with CPH, highlighting distinct factors limiting geographical distribution at the opposite margins of this latitudinal and narrowly-distributed species. This study is a first step towards understanding the relative role of climate and biotic interactions in shaping the range limits of coastal species, with significant potential for informing conservation practices.</p>
Speciation across the Earth driven by global cooling in terrestrial Orchids
<p>Although climate change has been implicated as a major catalyst of diversification, its effects are thought to be inconsistent and much less pervasive than localized climate or the accumulation of species with time. Focused analyses of highly speciose clades are needed in order to disentangle the consequences of climate change, geography, and time. Here, we show that global cooling shapes the biodiversity of terrestrial orchids. Using a phylogeny of 1,475 species of Orchidoideae, the largest terrestrial orchid subfamily, we find that speciation rate is dependent on historic global cooling, not time, tropical distributions, elevation, variation in chromosome number, or other types of historic climate change. Relative to the gradual accumulation of species with time, models specifying speciation driven by historic global cooling are over 700 times more likely. Evidence ratios estimated for 212 other plant and animal groups reveal that terrestrial orchids represent one of the best-supported cases of temperature-spurred speciation yet reported. Employing >2.5 million georeferenced records, we find that global cooling drove contemporaneous diversification in each of the seven major orchid bioregions of the <span class="inserted">Earth</span>. With the current emphasis on understanding and predicting the immediate impacts of global warming, our study provides a clear case study of the long-term impacts of global climate change on biodiversity.</p>
Efficacy and Safety Study of Benralizumab in Patient With Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (ORCHID)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04157335. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 17. Publications: 1.
Experimental disruption of social structure reveals totipotency in the orchid bee, Euglossa dilemma
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.