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Scientific literature, molecular-interaction and chemical features of phytochemicals and drugs.

Scientific literature, molecular-interaction and chemical features of phytochemicals and drugs.

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Data from: Ecological convergence of secondary phytochemicals along elevational gradients

<ul> <li>Biologists still strive to identify the ecological and evolutionary drivers of phytochemical variation that mediate biotic interactions. We hypothesized that plant species growing at sites characterized by high herbivore pressure would converge to produce highly toxic blends of secondary metabolites, independent of phylogenetic constraints.</li> <li>To address the role of shared evolutionary history and ecological niches in driving variation in plant phytochemistry, we combined targeted metabolomics with insect herbivore bioassays and with a set of growth-related traits of several Cardamine species growing along the entire elevational gradient of the Alps.</li> <li>We observed that Cardamine phytochemical profiles grouped according to previously-established growth form categorizations within specific abiotic conditions, independently of phylogenetic relationship. We also showed that novel indices summarizing functional phytochemical diversity better explain plant resistance against chewing and sap-feeding herbivores than classic diversity indices.</li> <li>We conclude that multiple functional axes of phytochemical diversity should be integrated with the functional axis of plant growth forms to study phenotypic convergence along large-scale ecological gradients.</li> </ul>

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Data from: Analysis of phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties in non-polar extracts of Magnolia virginiana L. flowers from Saudi Arabia

<div> Magnolia virginiana (M. virginiana) L., a native North American plant, is globally cultivated for shade and ornamental purposes, including in Saudi Arabia. This study analyzed the chemical diversity and biological activity of non-polar extracts (n-hexane and diethyl ether) from M. virginiana flowers. The major components identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis were aromatic and aliphatic esters, triterpenes, steroids, and phenolic acids. The total phenolic content (TPC) of n-hexane and diethyl ether extracts was determined to be 29.66 and 29.44 mGAE/g, respectively. The extracts showed strong antioxidant activity, with the diethyl ether extract having more reducing power than the n-hexane extract. The diethyl ether extract also showed greater Trolox equivalent values in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, but the n-hexane extract exhibited higher metal chelating activity (MCA) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH-SA) levels. The diethyl ether extract displayed stronger antimicrobial potential than the n-hexane extract, particularly against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, with a zone of inhibition diameter (ZID) of 20.0 ± 0.3 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum biocidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values were 0.78, 1.56, 1.56, and 3.125 mg/mL, respectively. </div>

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

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ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND ITS THERAPY BY WITHANIA SOMNIFERA PHYTOCHEMICALS

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Figure 4 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517

Figure 4 DPPH radical scavenging activity of L. ovalifolium extracts. Ascorbic acid is the positive control in this assay. Results are expressed as means of three independent experiments (bars) ± SEM (lines).

Figure 1 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517

Figure 1 The antiproliferative activity of L. ovalifolium extracts against (A) T47D cell line (B) MDA-MB-231 cell line (C) HeLa cell line (D) Caco-2 cell line (E) PC3 cell line (F) EMT6/P cell line (G) Fibroblast cell line. Results are expressed as means of three independent experiments (bars) ± SEM (lines).

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517

Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves ethyl acetate extract LCMS results

Figure 3 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517

Figure 3 L. ovalifolium ethyl acetate extract effect on tumor size and cure percentage. Compared to the control group, treating tumor-bearing mice with L. ovalifolium has reduced tumor size and improved the cure percentage. (n=9 per group).

Figure 2 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517

Figure 2 A plot verifying the changes in average tumor size (mm³) vs time (days) of treatment with L. ovalifolium ethyl acetate extract in Balb/C mice inoculated with the EMT6/P cell line.

Fig. 9 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 9. Experimental ECD spectra of 5 and 6 in MeCN.

Fig. 7. Proposed biosynthetic relationships between compounds 7 and 1–3 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 7. Proposed biosynthetic relationships between compounds 7 and 1–3.

Fig. 4 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 4. ORTEP drawing of 1.

Fig. 5 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 5. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of 2 in MeCN.

Fig. 2. 1H–1H in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 2. 1H–1H COSY (for 2–4, and 6) and selected HMBC correlations (for 1–6).

Fig. 3 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 3. Key NOE correlations of 1–6.

Fig. 1 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 1. Chemical structures of 1–21.

Fig. 8 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 8. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of 4 in MeCN.

Fig. 6 in Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XXII. Structurally diverse diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of the endangered conifer Torreya jackii and their bioactivities

Fig. 6. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of 3 in MeCN.