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2,015 results for “Pneumonia”
Natural history of a bighorn sheep pneumonia epizootic
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Data from: Oxidative killing of encapsulated and nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae by lactoperoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite
<p class="CxSpFirst"><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (Pneumococcus) infections affect millions of people worldwide, cause serious mortality and represent a major economic burden. Despite recent successes due to pneumococcal vaccination and antibiotic use, Pneumococcus remains a significant medical problem. Airway epithelial cells, the primary responders to pneumococcal infection, orchestrate an extracellular antimicrobial system consisting of lactoperoxidase (LPO), thiocyanate anion and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). LPO oxidizes thiocyanate using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> into the final product hypothiocyanite that has antimicrobial effects against a wide range of microorganisms. However, hypothiocyanite's effect on Pneumococcus has never been studied. Our aim was to determine whether hypothiocyanite can kill <i>S. pneumoniae.</i> Bactericidal activity was measured in a cell-free <i>in vitro </i>system by determining the number of surviving pneumococci via colony forming units on agar plates, while bacteriostatic activity was assessed by measuring optical density of bacteria in liquid cultures. Our results indicate that hypothiocyanite<sup> </sup>generated by LPO exerted robust killing of both encapsulated and nonencapsulated pneumococcal strains. Killing of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> by a commercially available hypothiocyanite-generating product was even more pronounced than that achieved with laboratory reagents. Catalase, an H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> scavenger, inhibited killing of pneumococcal by hypothiocyanite under all circumstances. Furthermore, the presence of the bacterial capsule or lytA-dependent autolysis had no effect on hypothiocyanite-mediated killing of pneumococci. On the contrary, a pneumococcal mutant deficient in pyruvate oxidase (main bacterial H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> source) had enhanced susceptibility to hypothiocyanite compared o its wild-type strain. Overall, results shown here indicate that numerous pneumococcal strains are susceptible to LPO-generated hypothiocyanite.</p>
Aetiology and prognostic risk factors of mortality in pneumonia patients receiving glucocorticoids alone or glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants: a retrospective cohort study
<p><b>Objectives:</b> Long-term use of high-dose glucocorticoids can lead to severe immunosuppression and increased risk of treatment-resistant pneumonia and mortality. We investigated the aetiology and prognostic risk factors of mortality in hospitalised patients who developed pneumonia while receiving glucocorticoid therapy alone or glucocorticoid and other immunosuppressant therapies.</p> <p><b>Design:</b> Retrospective cohort study</p> <p><b>Setting: </b>Six secondary and tertiary academic hospitals in China</p> <p><b>Participants: </b>Patients receiving glucocorticoids who were hospitalised with pneumonia between 1<sup>st</sup> January 2013 and 31<sup>st</sup> December 2019.</p> <p><b>Main Outcomes: </b>We analysed<b> </b>the prevalence of comorbidities, microbiology, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, 30-day and 90-day mortality rates, and prognostic risk factors.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: A total of 716 patients were included, with pneumonia pathogens identified in 69.8% of patients. Significant morbidities occurred, including respiratory failure (50.8%), intensive care unit (ICU) transfer (40.8%), and mechanical ventilation (36%), with a 90-day mortality rate of 26.0%. Diagnosis of pneumonia occurred within 6 months of glucocorticoid initiation for 69.7% of patients with <i>Cytomegalovirus</i> (CMV) pneumonia and 79.0% of patients with <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PCP). Pathogens, including <i>Pneumocystis</i>, CMV, and multidrug-resistant bacteria, were identified more frequently in patients with persistent lymphocytopenia and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment (≥ 30 mg/day of prednisolone or equivalent within 30 days before admission). The 90-day mortality rate was significantly lower for non-CMV viral pneumonias than for PCP (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with a similar mortality rate as CMV pneumonias (24.2% vs 38.1% vs 27.4%, respectively).Cox regression analysis indicated <a name="_Hlk30339725"></a><a name="_Hlk31278800">several independent negative predictors for mortality in this patient population, including septic shock, respiratory failure, </a>persistent lymphocytopenia, interstitial lung disease, and high-dose glucocorticoid use.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: Patients who developed pneumonia while receiving glucocorticoid therapy experienced high rates of opportunistic infections, with significant morbidity and mortality. These findings should be carefully considered when determining treatment strategies for this patient population.</p>
Increased sCD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels and depletion of peripheral blood pro-inflammatory monocytes, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence argues that monocytes, circulating innate immune cells, are principal players in COVID-19 pneumonia. The study aimed to investigate the role of soluble (s)CD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels in predicting disease severity and characterize peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (COVID-19 subjects). </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> On admission, in COVID-19 subjects sCD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels, and peripheral blood monocyte and DC subsets were compared to healthy donors (HDs). According to clinical outcome, COVID-19 subjects were divided into ARDS and non-ARDS groups. </p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Compared to HDs, COVID-19 subjects showed higher sCD163 (p<0.0001) and sCD14 (p<0.0001) plasmatic levels. We observed higher sCD163 plasmatic levels in the ARDS group compared to the non-ARDS one (p=0.002). The cut-off for sCD163 plasmatic level greater than 2032 ng/ml was predictive of disease severity (AUC: 0.6786, p=0.0022; sensitivity 56.7% [CI: 44.1-68.4] specificity 73.8% [CI: 58.9-84.7]). Positive correlation between plasmatic levels of sCD163, LDH and IL-6 and between plasmatic levels of sCD14, D-dimer and ferritin were found. Compared to HDs, COVID-19 subjects showed lower percentages of non-classical (p=0.0012) and intermediate monocytes (p=0.0447), slanDCs (p<0.0001), myeloid DCs (mDCs, p<0.0001) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs, p=0.0014). Compared to the non-ARDS group, the ARDS group showed lower percentages of non-classical monocytes (p=0.0006), mDCs (p=0.0346) and pDCs (p=0.0492). </p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The increase in sCD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels, observed on hospital admission in COVID-19 subjects, especially in those who developed ARDS, and the correlations of these monocyte/macrophage activation markers with typical inflammatory markers of COVID-19 pneumonia, underline their potential use to assess the risk of progression of the disease. In an early stage of the disease, the assessment of sCD163 plasmatic levels could have clinical utility in predicting the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. </p>
Lipid profile and differential lipids in serum related to severity of community-acquired pneumonia--a pilot study
<p>This study aimed to characterize the lipidomic responses to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic treatments. Lipidomic profiles were generated using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) platform. Spearman’s rank correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to explore the lipids correlation with clinical parameters. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to build 30-day survival curves. From UHPLC-MS/MS a total of 509 and 195 lipid species were detected in the positive and negative ionisation mode respectively. Positive ionisation covered six lipid classes (glycerol-phospholipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, sterol-lipids, prenol-lipids, and fatty acid), whilst negative ionisation covered three (glycerol-phospholipids, sphingolipids, fatty acid). Four lipids were selected as target: PC (16:0_18:1), PC (18:2_20:4), PC (36:4), and PC (38:6). Areas under the curve for all four lipids were superior to pneumonia severity index and CURB-65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65 years old) for discriminating severe CAP from CAP. PC (18:2_20:4), PC (38:6), and PC (36:4) were negatively related to fraction of inspiration O<sub>2</sub>; PC (16:0_18:1) and PC (18:2_20:4) had significantly linear relationship with the procalcitonin. Patients with an elevated level of PC (16:0_18:1) had significantly increased hospital stays. As the relative abundance of PC (18:2_20:4), PC (36:4), and PC (38:6) decreased, the length of hospitalization days and 30-day mortality rate increased significantly (all log-rank <em>p</em><0.05). Therefore, the UHPLC-MS/MS platform’s serum lipidomics approach can help reveal lipid changes during CAP and establish lipid profiles related to disease severity.</p>
Polyphasic characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates suggests vertical transmission of the blaKPC-3 gene
<p>Optical DNA mapping (ODM) data related to the study, presented in figures 2-6 in the paper.</p>
Data from: A questionnaire study of injections prescribed and dispensed for patients diagnosed with mild/moderate community-acquired pneumonia in Mongolia
Purpose. The study aimed to determine the extent of and factors influencing the prescribing of injections for the treatment of mild/moderate community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Mongolia. Methods. Questionnaires were developed and administered to medication providers (34 Pharmacists, 27 pharmacy technicians) and prescribers (22 general doctors and 49 medical specialists) working in Mongolia. Results. Cefalosporins were prescribed for patients with mild pneumonia and doctors tended to prescribe injectable cefalosporins (cefazolin) rather than oral dosage forms. This was supported by the questionnaire study with pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Additionally, 23 pharmacists and pharmacy technicians indicated that OTC injectable cefalosporins (37.7%) and injectable aminopenicillins (33,9%) were frequently sold by pharmacies for the treatment of mild/moderate CAP. Doctors and particularly pharmacists in the questionnaire studies indicated choosing an injection was to avoid non-compliance problems. Conclusion. High levels of injectable prescribing of antibiotics were found in non-hospitalized patients with CAP in Mongolia. This prevalence level indicated that inappropriate injection prescribing is a public health hazard for Mongolia and requires consideration by the appropriate authorities.
Data from: Population genomic datasets describing the post-vaccine evolutionary epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae is common nasopharyngeal commensal bacterium and important human pathogen. Vaccines against a subset of pneumococcal antigenic diversity have reduced rates of disease, without changing the frequency of asymptomatic carriage, through altering the bacterial population structure. These changes can be studied in detail through using genome sequencing to characterise systematically-sampled collections of carried S. pneumoniae. This dataset consists of 616 annotated draft genomes of isolates collected from children during routine visits to primary care physicians in Massachusetts between 2001, shortly after the seven valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine was introduced, and 2007. Also made available are a core genome alignment and phylogeny describing the overall population structure, clusters of orthologous protein sequences, software for inferring serotype from Illumina reads, and whole genome alignments for the analysis of closely-related sets of pneumococci. These data can be used to study both bacterial evolution and the epidemiology of a pathogen population under selection from vaccine-induced immunity.
Dataset BD "Inflammation Biomarkers in Blood as Mortality Predictors in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted Patients: Importance of comparison with Neutrophil Count Percentage or Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio."
<p>Dataset of the article tittled: <strong>Inflammation Biomarkers in Blood as Mortality Predictors in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted Patients: Importance of comparison with Neutrophil Count Percentage or Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio.</strong></p> <p> </p>
Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD): To Screen Potential Antibiotics Against Klebsiella Pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase Enzyme
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Streptococcus Pneumoniae ST556 Vs Mycoplasma Pneumoniae M129 genome by Blastn analysis
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The overlap between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae genome was studied by Blastn analysis. Mycoplasma is an intracellular pathogen causing pneumonia with staccato cough, predominantly handled by T cell immunity. </p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Through the NCBI website, the overlap of genome sequences of Streptococcus pneumoniae Taiwan (PT 306), and mycoplasma pneumoniae were studied using Blastn. The accession number for the Streptococcus pneumoniae ST556 was CP003357, and the Mycoplasma pneumoniae strain M129 was U00089, respectively. DNA alignments and nucleotide overlapping alignment sequences were studied.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There were significant overlaps between the genome sequences of these two organisms by blastn. The overlapping sequences and dot analysis are shown in the files attached in this accompanying document. The overlapping nucleotides involved with high significance (expect values = 0.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There are overlaps in genome sequences between Streptococcus pneumoniae and mycoplasma genomes. Further studies are required to study the significance of the COVID-19 context and the recent outbreak of mycoplasma in the community across various countries. The overlap can throw some ideas of the use of the potential of streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines for prevention. If not a prevention Streptococcus pneumonia vaccinations can facilitate a deceleration in the spread of mycoplasma infections.</p><p> </p>
Clinical data of patients and values of antibodies in the IgM, IgA and IgG classess against Mycoplasma pneumoniae
<p><span>Data on <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> infections during last years are very limited. In this manuscript, we presented the assessment of the seroprevalence of antibodies against <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> in the numerous group of patients, as well as clinical aspects of the differential diagnostics of respiratory tract infections.</span></p>
Identification and prioritization of novel therapeutic candidates against Glutamate racemase from Klebsiella pneumoniae
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IMPACT OF TEBIPENEM-PIVOXIL ON THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND ON ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIZATION WITH CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE IN MICE
<p><span>Antimicrobial therapy has the</span><span> potential to cause unintended adverse effects by promoting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, as new antibiotics are developed there is a need to understand their potential to disrupt the indigenous microbiota of the colon and promote colonization by pathogens. Tebipenem pivoxil (Teb-piv), the first oral carbapenem, has potent <em>in vitro</em> activity against <em>Enterobacterales</em> pathogens, but requires combination with an appropriate β-lactamase inhibitor to achieve activity against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacterales</em></span></p>
Quantitative Evaluation of COVID-19 Pneumonia Lung Extension by Specific Software and Correlation with Patient Clinical Outcome
<p>Quantitative Evaluation of COVID-19 Pneumonia Lung Extension by Specific Software and Correlation with Patient Clinical Outcome</p> <p>Dataset regarding lung extension of covid 19 </p>
Genetic and immunological evaluation of children with inborn errors of immunity and hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia
<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 450 million people around the world. In about 10% of cases, the infection leads to hypoxemic pneumonia, which is much rarer in children, while multisystem inflammation is seen almost only in children.</p> <p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> We evluated 31 young patients (0.5-19 years) who had both pre-existing inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and were later diagnosed with COVID-19 complications. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and autoantibody against type I interferons were measured and plasma inflammatory factors were profiled. We also reviewed COVID-19 disease severity and outcome in IEI patients in the literature.</p> <p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> A potential genetic cause of the IEI was identified in 28 patients (90.3%). The IgM and IgG-specific antibody response against the spike protein of the virus was positive in 14 (66.6%) of the IEI patients tested. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons were identified in the plasma of two patients (6.8% of tested samples). Five patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Eleven patients (35.4%) died due to COVID-19 complications showing a 3000 fold higher mortality rate compared to normal COVID-19 death rate in children (0.01%). For the additional 696 IEI patients reported till date, severe presentation of COVID-19 was observed in 23.3% of cases. Furthermore, a 5-fold higher mortality rate was observed, when compared with global infection-fatality reports.</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong> Elucidating the genetic basis of IEI patients with severe/critical COVID-19 may help to better understand the human innate and adaptive immune response against SARS-CoV-2, which may assist to develop better preventive and therapeutic strategies.</p>
The mortality risk factor of severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients with Sepsis: a retrospective study
<p><strong><span>Objectives:</span></strong><span> Sepsis is one of the most common comorbidities in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and mortality risk factors of SCAP patients hospitalized with Sepsis.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Design:</span></strong><span> A retrospective, single-centre study.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Setting:</span></strong><span> This study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Southern China.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Participants:</span></strong><span> A total of 119 patients with SCAP, aged 17 years or older, were treated in the Integrated intensive care unit from 1 January 2018 to 30 December 2020.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Interventions:</span></strong><span> none.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Outcome:</span></strong><span> 180-day mortality was the primary outcome.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results:</strong></span><span> 119 patients were divided into the survivors (83 patients,69.75%), and the non-survivors (36 patients,30.25%). There are more pronounced inflammatory responses and respiratory problems at the beginning of the disease in non-survivors, requiring stronger respiratory and circulatory support.</span> <span>The CURB-65 score was a better predictor of mortality than the PSI and APACHE2 scores, AUCs of CURB-65: OR 0.744, p<0.005.</span> <span>For the entire treatment cycle, the non-survivors had a longer duration of persistent fever, required continuous and repeated airway intervention, and a longer duration of Vasopressor support (P<0.001). SCAP with bacterial infection as the onset, </span><span>or secondary bacterial infection had a poor prognosis (P=0.018). The non-survivors had more use of different types of antimicrobials (P<0.05), because of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. And have faced more antifungal treatment failures (P=0.006). The</span> <span>mortality risk factors were comorbid with a duration of Vasopressors support, duration of persistent fever, age, numbers of antimicrobials for MDR organisms, CURB-65 score and duration of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs) (OR=1.234, OR=1.158, OR=1.084, OR=6.484, OR=3.386, OR=1.505, p<0.005, respectively).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion:</span></strong><span> Dynamic monitoring of the duration of patients' abnormal indicators can help predict the prognosis. Age≥65.5 years, fever duration ≥9.5 days, number of antimicrobials</span> <span>for MDR organisms ≥2 types</span><span>, longer NMBAs and Vasopressors use, and higher CURB-65 score were mortality risk factors in SCAP-Sepsis patients.</span></p>
Incidence and Predictive Factors of Hyperventilation Syndrome in Patients after COVID 19 pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study
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GWAS of J13 coded pneumonia in UK Biobank.
<p>GWAS of J13 coded pneumonia in UK Biobank using regenie. Details in the manuscript [to be updated when manuscript accepted].</p>
Data from: Clinical outcomes and safety of polymyxin B versus tigecycline combination therapy for pneumonia of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A retrospective cohort study
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Infection by carbapenem-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (CRKP) has high mortality. There is no clear optimal therapeutic choice for pneumonia caused by CRKP. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of the standard doses of polymyxin B-based regimens vs tigecycline-based regimens and to identify risk factors for mortality.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients with pneumonia caused by CRKP for three years. The primary outcomes were 7-day bacterial eradication rate and 14- and 28-day all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was incidence of acute kidney injury.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Seventy-three patients were included in this study, 29 in the<strong> </strong>polymyxin B-based combination therapy group and 44 in tigecycline-based combination therapy group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the 7-day bacterial eradication rate (31.0% vs 20.5%, <em>P</em>=0.409), the 14-day all-cause mortality (37.9% vs 22.7%, <em>P</em>=0.160), and the incidence of acute kidney injury (14.3% vs 6.8%, <em>P</em>=0.526). The 28-day all-cause mortality in the polymyxin B-based therapy group was higher than in the tigecycline-based group (75.9% vs 45.5%, <em>P</em>=0.010). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that male and previous use of carbapenems were independent factors associated with 28-day all-cause mortality for patients treated with polymyxin B (<em>P</em><0.05).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><strong> </strong>Polymyxin B-based combination therapy at the standard dose should be used with caution for patients with CRKP-induced pneumonia, especially for men who used carbapenems prior to CRKP detection.</p>
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