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342 results for “Proxies”

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Spatial proxies for UrbEm

Raster datasets to be used with UrbEm v1.0 (https://github.com/martinottopaul/UrbEm). This collection of raster datasets is based on products by Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register as well as the Urban Centre dataset by the Global Human Settlement Layer provided by the EC. These datasets have been prepared, merged and edited to be applied with the Urban Emission downscaling tool UrbEm (doi) to create urban-scale emissions for air quality modeling as described in Ramacher et al. 2020 (doi).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

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Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the Western Atlantic and Southwestern Caribbean, from Brazil to Honduras

This spreadsheet is a complete record of the Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the Western Atlantic and Southwestern Caribbean, from Brazil to Honduras. It has been exported from "The World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) Database" (<a href="https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html">https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html</a>).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

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Is Poaceae pollen size a useful proxy in palaeoecological studies? New insights from a Poaceae pollen morphological study in the Amazon

Aim: Grasslands occupy around 40% of the Earth's land surface and can be regarded as the most common vegetation type in the world, with Poaceae being the most widespread angiosperm family of all. Poaceae pollen size has previously been suggested as a proxy to reconstruct the past vegetation and climates in the Amazon area, but it is still controversial if this variable indeed can be used in broader spatial and deep-time scales. Here we set out to perform a comprehensive assessment and test the robustness of this proxy. Location: Amazon drainage basin (ADB). Taxon: Poaceae. Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven specimens from 58 species (non-crops) across the Poaceae phylogeny from the Amazon drainage basin (ADB) were prepared for pollen grain size analyses, in order to explore their relationship with abiotic and biotic variables (vegetation type, soil composition, climate conditions, photosynthetic pathway, and genome size). Phylogenetic generalized least squares (P-GLS) model and linear mixed models (LMM) were applied to assess the proxy. Results: Our measurement data show that Poaceae pollen size presents a very wide range (18.77 - 71.62 μm), not only at the genus and species levels but also within species. There is no obvious relationship between pollen size and the explanatory variables considered here, however. Main conclusion: Poaceae (non-crop) pollen size does not respond to explanatory variables, and therefore cannot as a useful proxy to reconstruct past vegetation and climate.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

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Holocene Reconstruction: Model and proxy data for running code

This is the model output and proxy data for running the Holocene data assimilation. The data assimilation code can be found by searching for "Holocene reconstruction code". Newer versions of the code may be found at https://github.com/Holocene-Reconstruction/Holocene-code. To read more about the Holocene data assimilation, see the paper Erb et al., 2022: "Reconstructing Holocene temperatures in time and space using paleoclimate data assimilation". Once downloaded, unzip this holocene_da_data.zip file. It contains a variety of directories. Some are empty but are present to accommodate output generated by the data assimilation code mentioned above. Directories with data are: <ul> <li>models/original_model_data/TraCE_21ka/: TraCE-21ka temperature output from: https://www.earthsystemgrid.org/project/trace.html</li> <li>models/original_model_data/HadCM3_transient21k/: HadCM3 temperature output (the spatially smoothed version, signified by "_s" at the end of the filename)</li> <li>proxies/temp12k/ - Temperature 12k proxy records from: https://lipdverse.org/</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

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Multi-proxy agreement on Atlantic circulation dynamics since the last ice age: Model output data

This dataset contains model output for the simulations presented in: "Multi-proxy agreement on Atlantic circulation dynamics since the last ice age".

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

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Triadic influence as a proxy for compatibility in social relationships

This dataset contains valuable information that allows for the recreation of the paper "Triadic influence as a proxy for compatibility in social relationships" which was published in PNAS. The dataset comprises 13 high school networks that represent the diverse social relationships that exist between students within each school. To construct each of these networks, you can utilize the "Edges_i.csv" and "Nodes_i.csv" files, which are available for download in the files section. The edges files provide data on weighted edges, where the weight varies between -2, -1, +1, and +2. The sign indicates the nature of the friendship, while the number corresponds to its intensity. On the other hand, the node files contain information about the age level, group, sex, and psychological attributes such as CRT and prosociality.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

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Source Data for Published Study "Are changes in nociceptive withdrawal reflex magnitude a viable central sensitization proxy? Implications of a replication attempt"

Upload version NWR_v01_20230409 Authors: Alexandros Guekos, Alince Catrine Grata, Michèle Hubli, Martin Schubert, and Petra Schweinhardt The present data was collected from August to October 2019 as part of a replication attempt of a previously published study (Ellrich, J., and R-D. Treede. "Convergence of nociceptive and non-nociceptive inputs onto spinal reflex pathways to the tibialis anterior muscle in humans." Acta physiologica scandinavica 163.4 (1998): 391-401, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.t01-1-00392.x).  The results of the replication study have been published under open access (Guekos, A., et al. "Are changes in nociceptive withdrawal reflex magnitude a viable central sensitization proxy? Implications of a replication attempt" Clinical Neurophysiology 145 (2023): 139-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2022.09.011). Details of the paradigm, the experimental setup, and the analysis can be found there. In brief, 16 healthy adults (8 men and 8 women) underwent a single experimental session during which a tonic heat stimulus was applied on one leg to the foot sole and on the other to the calf muscle. Both legs were tested consecutively in pseudorandom order. Concurrently, subjects received transcutaneous electrical stimuli to elicit the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR). The muscle responses were recorded via surface electromyography (sEMG) from the biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA). The protocol consisisted of eight blocks per leg. During the first two blocks no temperature stimulation was applied. These two blocks served to identify the NWR threshold at the BF. For threshold determination, a single ascending staircase with either single electrical stimulations or triplets (at 2Hz) were used. From the triplets, only the muscle response to the third stimulation was analysed. The higher of the two obtained currents was used as the threshold. The following six blocks used six different temperatures (one per block) of 32, 36, 39, 42, 45 and 46 centigrade. During each block eight transcutaneous electrical stimuli were applied, either to the medial plantar nerve (MP) on the foot sole or to the retromalleolar pathway of the sural nerve (SU). The stimulations increased from -4 mA w.r.t. threshold to 200% threhold. Participants verbally rated perceived pain for every stimulation during these six blocks. Every electrical stimulation consisted of a train of five rectangular stimuli of 1 ms duration delivered at 200 Hz. Muscle responses were recorded from 120 pre- to 380 ms post-stimulation. The recorded sEMG signals were sampled at 48 kHz and downsampled to 6 kHz, rectified, band-pass filtered from 10 Hz to 500 Hz and amplified up to 125 times. Between 120 ms pre- and 380 ms post-stimulation, traces for all applied stimulations were automatically saved into separate txt files. Please consult the README.txt file for details on the structure of the uploaded data and for information w.r.t. potential instances of incompleteness or unusability. The study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation as part of a grant to PS (grant number 320030_179191/1).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

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Data from: Leveraging a new branch-based taper curve and form factor from terrestrial laser scanning proxies

Modeling branch taper curve and form factor contributes to increasing the efficiency of tree crown reconstruction: the branch taper, defined as the sequential measure of diameters along the course of the branch, is pivotal to accurately estimate key branch variables such as biomass and volume. Branch diameters or volumes have commonly been estimated from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) based on automatized voxelization or cylinder-fitting approaches, given the whole branch length is sufficiently covered by laser reflections. The results are, however, often affected by ample variations in point cloud characteristics caused by varying point density, occlusions, and noise. As these characteristics of TLS have been difficult to be sufficiently controlled or eliminated in automatized-techniques, we proposed a new branch-based taper curve model and form factor (BFF), which can be employed directly from the laser reflections and under variable point cloud characteristics. In this paper, the approach is demonstrated on primary branches using a set of TLS-derived diameter datasets from a sample of 20 trees of 6 species. The result shows an improvement in the accuracy of the diameter estimates and, at best, enabled for predicting encompassing finer branch scales (<10 cm), with R2 of 0.86 and a mean relative absolute error of 1.03 cm (29%) when validated with field-measured diameters. This approach was also capable of retrieving branch diameters for a large percentage of explicitly identified primary branches (>85%) directly from the filtered points when validated with panoramic images acquired concurrently with laser scanning. Frequently used automatized crown reconstructions from the quantitative structural model (QSM), on the other hand, was largely obscured by discrepancies in the point clouds, with the crown-tops and finer branches being the most critical. Furthermore, our approach provides mean BFF of 0.35 and 0.49 with the diameters determined from 5% and 10% of the total branch length, respectively, which may have the potential to produce branch volume information with reasonable accuracy from only knowing the length and respective diameter. Although our model can be regarded as a first approximation to the taper curve and form factor for the primary branches on a relatively small set of samples, the approach can further our understanding of alternative ways to improve the accuracy of the assessment of branch diameter and volume. The approach may also be extended to other branch orders. This could expand the horizon for volumetric calculations and biomass estimates from non-destructive TLS proxies in tree crowns.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

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16S rRNA phylogeny and clustering is not a reliable proxy for genome-based taxonomy in Streptomyces

This file is intended as supplementary information for a forthcoming publication: 16S rRNA phylogeny and clustering is not a reliable proxy for genome-based taxonomy in Streptomyces.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

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Data for "Sr/Ca in shells of laboratory-grown bivalves (Arctica islandica) serves as a proxy for water temperature – Perspectives for (paleo)environmental research?"

This repository contains all data generated for the publication "Sr/Ca in shells of laboratory-grown bivalves (Arctica islandica) serves as a proxy for water temperature – Perspectives for (paleo)environmental research?" currently under review.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

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