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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Figure S1. Mediation analysis on the effect of insulin resistance on intraocular pressure. Figure S2. Forest plot showing the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of ALD versus NAFLD and the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of drinkers versus non-drinkers. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Figure S1. Mediation analysis on the effect of insulin resistance on intraocular pressure. Figure S2. Forest plot showing the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of ALD versus NAFLD and the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of drinkers versus non-drinkers. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Composition and electrical resistance results of a Ir-Pd-Pt-Rh-Ru composition spread thin film materials library

The dataset contains the results of electrical resistance measurement and composition analysis of a thin film composition spread materials library.  342 measurement areas were evaluated for chemical composition using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electrical resistance using a 4-point probe. CSV columns: x: x-coordinate of materials library in µm y: y-coordinate of materials library in µm Ir: relative chemical composition in at.% Pd: relative chemical composition in at.% Pt: relative chemical composition in at.% Rh: relative chemical composition in at.% Ru: relative chemical composition in at.% Resistance: electrical resistance in Ohm   This dataset is supplementary information for an associated publication. A link to the publication will be provided after publishing.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach

Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Рис. 7. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска B. cylindrica (А), фитомассы (В), проективного покрытиЯ (С), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (D) на участке № 1 в 2010 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 7. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the snail B. cylindrica (A), phytomass (B), plants projective cover (C), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (D) at the site 1 in 2010. (axes X and Y presented in meters). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach

Рис. 7. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска B. cylindrica (А), фитомассы (В), проективного покрытиЯ (С), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (D) на участке № 1 в 2010 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 7. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the snail B. cylindrica (A), phytomass (B), plants projective cover (C), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (D) at the site 1 in 2010. (axes X and Y presented in meters).

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Genetic architecture of disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas-fir trees

Understanding the genetic architecture of tolerance and resistance to pathogens is important to monitor and maintain resilient tree populations. Here we investigate the genetic basis of tolerance and resistance to needle cast disease in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) caused by two fungal pathogens: Swiss needle cast (SNC) caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, and Rhabdocline needle cast (RNC) caused by Rhabdocline pseudotsugae). We performed a case-control genome-wide association analysis (GWA) and found these traits to be polygenic and under selection. We showed that stomatal regulation as well as ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways are important for resisting SNC infection and secondary metabolite pathways play a role in tolerating SNC once the plant is infected. We identified a key upstream transcription factor of plant defence, ERF1, as the main candidate for RNC resistance. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the highly polygenic architectures underlying disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas-fir and have important implications for forestry and conservation as the climate changes.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: Limited intraspecific variation in drought resistance along a pronounced tropical rainfall gradient

Assessing within-species variation in response to drought is crucial for predicting species responses to climate change and informing restoration and conservation efforts, yet experimental data are lacking for the vast majority of tropical tree species. We assessed intraspecific variation in response to water availability across a strong rainfall gradient for 16 tropical tree species using reciprocal transplant and common garden field experiments, along with measurements of gene flow and key functional traits linked to drought resistance.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Resistance. Um balanço em forma de entrevista

<div> O projecto Resistance: Rebellion and Resistance in the Iberian Empires, 16th-19th centuries terminou, em Maio de 2024, depois de vários anos de pesquisa, intercâmbios, colóquios, publicações e actividades para escolas e outras comunidades. Mediante este término considerou-se oportuno realizar-se uma entrevista com um dos investigadores do projecto, Pedro Cardim. Nesta conversa refere-se o impacto do projecto na historiografia ibérica e ibero-americana, o impulso criado na constituição de redes de trabalho, assim como as actividades desenvolvidas junto das comunidades que o projecto serviu.   Entrevista realizada por Teresa Lacerda a Pedro Cardim, na NOVA FCSH, no dia 26 de Março de 2024.  </div> <div> </div>

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Insect hypovirulence-associated mycovirus confers entomopathogenic fungi with enhanced resistance against phytopathogens

Mycoviruses can alter the biological characteristics of host fungi including decreasing or enhancing virulence or pathogenicity of phytopathogens and entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). As an extensively used EPF, Beauveria bassiana could not only directly control pests, but also improve plant resistance against plant disease through endophytic colonization. However, most studies on the mycoviruses found in B. bassiana have focused on the effects of the viruses on the virulence of host fungi toward insect pests, with relatively few reports on the effects to the host fungi with regard to plant disease resistance in hosts. The present study investigated the effects of the mycovirus Beauveria bassiana chrysovirus 2 (BbCV2) virus infection on host biological characteristics, additionally, we evaluated antagonistic activity of BbCV2 against phytopathogenic fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea) in vitro and their associated diseases both in in vitro leaves and in pot experiments. Our results showed that the mycovirus, BbCV2, enhanced the growth rate, spore production, and biomass of host fungi B. bassiana. BbCV2 virus infection enhanced the capacity of host fungi and their metabolic products to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. BbCV2 virus infection reduced the contents of the two pathogens in tomato plants significantly, and in turn enhanced the plant resistance induced by host fungi colonization against the diseases caused by the two pathogens.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Costs of antibiotic resistance genes depend on host strain and environment and can influence community composition

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) benefit host bacteria in environments containing corresponding antibiotics, but it is less clear how they are maintained in environments where antibiotic selection is weak or sporadic. In particular, few studies have measured the effect of ARGs on host fitness in the absence of direct selection or determined if any costs are fixed or depend on the host strain, perhaps marking some ARG-host combinations as reservoirs that can maintain ARGs in the absence of antibiotic selection. We quantified the fitness effects of six ARGs in 11 diverse Escherichia spp. strains. Three ARGs (blaTEM-116, cat, and dfrA5, encoding resistance to β-lactams, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim, respectively) imposed an overall cost but all ARGs had an effect in at least one host strain, reflecting a significant strain interaction effect. A simulation predicts these interactions cause the success of ARGs to depend on available host strains, and, to a lesser extent, for successful host strains to depend on the ARGs present in a community. These results indicate the importance of considering ARG effects over different host strains, especially the potential of reservoir strains that allow resistance to persist in the absence of direct selection, in efforts to understand resistance dynamics.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

The evolution of antimicrobial peptide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is severely constrained by random peptide mixtures

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has become a major threat to public health, requiring swift initiatives for discovering new strategies to control bacterial infections. Hence, antibiotic stewardship and rapid diagnostics, but also the development, and prudent use, of novel effective antimicrobial agents are paramount. Ideally, these agents should be less likely to select for resistance in pathogens than currently available conventional antimicrobials. The usage of antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), key components of the innate immune response, and combination therapies, have been proposed as strategies to diminish the emergence of resistance. Herein, we investigated whether newly developed random antimicrobial peptide mixtures (RPMs) can significantly reduce the risk of resistance evolution in vitro to that of single sequence AMPs, using the ESKAPE pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as a model Gram-negative bacterium. Infections of this pathogen are difficult to treat due the inherent resistance to many drug classes, enhanced by the capacity to form biofilms. P. aeruginosa was experimentally evolved in the presence of AMPs or RPMs, subsequentially assessing the extent of resistance evolution and cross-resistance/collateral sensitivity between treatments. Furthermore, the fitness costs of resistance on bacterial growth were studied, and whole-genome sequencing used to investigate which mutations could be candidates for causing resistant phenotypes. Lastly, changes in the pharmacodynamics of the evolved bacterial strains were examined. Our findings suggest that using RPMs bears a much lower risk of resistance evolution compared to AMPs and mostly prevents cross-resistance development to other treatments, while maintaining (or even improving) drug sensitivity. This strengthens the case for using random cocktails of AMPs in favour of single AMPs, against which resistance evolved in vitro, providing an alternative to classic antibiotics worth pursuing.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 3 in Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil

Figure 3. Locations and copy numbers for human- and ruminant-indicative Bacteroides spp. DNA extracted from the material retained from filtration of 500 ml was used for qPCR determination of rDNA copy number. The size of the indicated shapes in the figure is proportional to the copy number/ml at that point as indicated in the legend. Inset shows points 12 and 13 at the same scale as the main figure.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 2 in Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil

Figure 2. Locations and concentrations of coliforms and E. coli at water collection points. A volume of water (100 µl – 1 ml) collected mid-stream was plated using the Coliscan culture system. Colonies were identified and counted at 48h. The size of the indicated shapes in the figure is proportional to the number of colonies/ml cultured as indicated in the legend. Inset shows points 12 and 13 at the same scale as the main figure.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil

Figure 1. Study area, rivers and water collection sites. The collection points on the Jiquiriçá River are P1-5; collection points on the Brejões P6-8. P3 is at the junction of the 2 rivers, and P9 and P10 are from the water treatment plant and an outside faucet, respectively. Left inset – Location of Bahia state, Salvador and Jenipapo within Brazil based on Wikimedia Commons (2011). Right inset – relationship of P12 and P13 to Jenipapo. These 2 points represent the source of piped water for the community and the furthest point upstream for collection on the Brejões River, respectively. Inset modified from Wikimedia Commons (2011).

Figure 7 in Identification of candidate genes involved with dicamba resistance in waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) via transcriptomics analyses

Figure 7. Temporal quantitative PCR results for (A) GST-nt, (B) ABC10, (C) PEROX12, and (D) GST-ct before and at multiple time points after dicamba treatment. Asterisks (*) indicate comparisons that were significant (t-test P-value <0.05), with error bars indicating variability across replicates.

Figure 4 in Identification of candidate genes involved with dicamba resistance in waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) via transcriptomics analyses

Figure 4. Genomic distribution in sliding 50-kb window plots of differentially expressed genes (DEs). The y-axis units refer to windows in mega base pairs (Mbp) Each plot represents one of the 16 pseudo-chromosomes of Amoronthus tuberculotus. Peaks represent clusters of DEs. Blue dashed lines represent previously identified hot-spot locations for 2,4-D resistance (Giacomini et al. 2020).

Figure 3 in Identification of candidate genes involved with dicamba resistance in waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) via transcriptomics analyses

Figure 3. Biological process GO-term enrichment analysis. Circle size represents the significance of overrepresented enrichment, and color gradient represents the significance of conditional enrichment. The x axis represents the number of genes annotated with each GO-term in the y axis.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Figure 4 in Herbicide-resistance management: a common pool resource problem?

Figure 4. Attributes of resource users associated with cooperative behavior and self-governance. Adapted from Schlager (2004, 152).

Figure 2 in Identification of candidate genes involved with dicamba resistance in waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) via transcriptomics analyses

Figure 2. Volcano plot of all genes with key differentially expressed genes highlighted. Major genes with potential involvement in dicamba resistance are labeled according to their homologous UniprotKB ID. Genes in red and blue were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in dicamba-resistant relative to sensitive plants. The y axis refers to −log10 false discovery rate (FDR), and the x axis refers to the log2 expression fold change (FC).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Figure 3 in Herbicide-resistance management: a common pool resource problem?

Figure 3. Attributes of common pool resources associated with cooperative behavior and self-governance. Adapted from Schlager (2004, 151–152).

Figure 8 in Identification of candidate genes involved with dicamba resistance in waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) via transcriptomics analyses

Figure 8. Proposed dicamba resistance mechanisms in the CHR population. Currently, knowledge about the synthetic auxin effect on plants indicates an overproduction of abscisic acid (ABA), leading to a large production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plant death (Christoffoleti et al. 2015; Gaines 2020). The proposed resistance mechanism is that enhanced response to oxidative stress via peroxidases and glutathione S-transferases alleviates dicamba toxicity. Other putative resistance mechanisms, such as glycosylation of dicamba and ABA, are also proposed with transport via ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters for further degradation. Overproduction of salicylic acid is also proposed as a potential tool for alleviating oxidative stress. Created with BioRender.com.