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314 results for “Tamil Nadu”
FIGURE 5 in Two more new Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 5. Habitat photos of Hemiphyllodactylus nilgiriensis sp. nov. near Mulli view point, Kilkunda, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India (top panel) and Hemiphyllodactylus peninsularis sp. nov. near Sengaltheri, Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India (lower panel).
FIGURE 3 in Two more new Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 3. Hemiphyllodactylus nilgiriensis sp. nov. (holotype, BNHS 2632): (A) dorsal view of head, (B) ventral view of head, (C) lateral view of head, (D) view of cloacal region showing precloacal and femoral pores. Scale bars 4 mm.
Subspecies and Distribution. R.p. pusillus Temminck, 1834 - N Sumatra, N, E & S Borneo (including Banggi I), W Java, and Bali I. R. p. blythi K. Andersen, 1918 - N India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, Bhutan, and SE Bangladesh. R.p. calidusG. M. Allen, 1923-SE China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian, along with a recent record from Beijing area that may represent this subspecies). R. p. gracilis K. Andersen, 1905 - S India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu). R.p. lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 - S China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba I), Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia (including Tioman I). R.p. minutillusG. S. Miller, 1906 —Anambas Is (Siantan). R.p. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 — Mentawai Is (North Pagai). R.p. parcus G. M. Allen, 1928 - Hainan I, China. R. p. szechwanus K Andersen, 1918 - Myanmar and C China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, and probably Yunnan). in Rhinolophidae
Subspecies and Distribution. R.p. pusillus Temminck, 1834 - N Sumatra, N, E & S Borneo (including Banggi I), W Java, and Bali I. R. p. blythi K. Andersen, 1918 - N India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, Bhutan, and SE Bangladesh. R.p. calidusG. M. Allen, 1923-SE China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian, along with a recent record from Beijing area that may represent this subspecies). R. p. gracilis K. Andersen, 1905 - S India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu). R.p. lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 - S China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba I), Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia (including Tioman I). R.p. minutillusG. S. Miller, 1906 —Anambas Is (Siantan). R.p. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 — Mentawai Is (North Pagai). R.p. parcus G. M. Allen, 1928 - Hainan I, China. R. p. szechwanus K Andersen, 1918 - Myanmar and C China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, and probably Yunnan).
Betlada, Nilgiri Hills (Tamil Nadu). Two hero-stones embedded in a modern compound
<p>Former orthostats of disassembled dolmens.</p> <p>Date of record: 2019.</p>
Quit attempts amongst tobacco users identified in the Tamil Nadu Tobacco Survey of 2015-16: A 3 year follow-up mixed methods study
<p><span><b>Objectives</b></span></p> <p><span>To determine current tobacco use in 2018-19, quit attempts made and to explore the enablers and barriers in quitting tobacco among tobacco users identified in the Tamil Nadu Tobacco Survey (TNTS) in 2015-16. </span></p> <p><span><span><b>Setting</b></span></span></p> <p><span><span>TNTS was conducted in 2015-16 throughout the state of TN in India covering 111363 individuals. Tobacco prevalence was found to be 5.2% (n=5208) </span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Participants</b></span></span></p> <p><span><span>All tobacco users in eleven districts of TN identified by TNTS (n=2909) were tracked after three years by telephone. In-depth interviews (n=26) were conducted in a sub-sample to understand the enablers and barriers in quitting. </span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Primary and Secondary Outcomes</b></span></span></p> <p><span><span>Current tobacco use status, any quit attempt and successful quit rate were the primary outcomes, while barriers and enablers in quitting were considered as secondary outcomes.</span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Results </b></span></span></p> <p><span><span>Among the 2909 tobacco users identified in TNTS 2015-16, only 724 (24.9%) could be contacted by telephone, of which 555 (76.7%) consented. Of those who consented, 210 (37.8%) were currently not using tobacco (i.e. successfully quit) and 337 (60.7%) continued to use any form of tobacco. Of current tobacco users, 115 (34.1%) never made any quit attempt and 193 (57.3.8%) have made any attempt to quit. Those using smoking form of tobacco products (aRR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4) and exposure to smoke at home (aRR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.3) were found to be positively associated with continued tobacco use (failed or no quit attempt). Support from family and perceived health benefits are key enablers, while peer influence, high dependence and lack of professional help are some of the barriers to quitting. </span></span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusion</b></span></p> <p><span>Two-thirds of the tobacco users continue to use tobacco in the last 3 years. While tobacco users are well aware of the ill-effects of tobacco, various intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a major role as a facilitator and lack of the same act as a barrier to quit.</span></p>
FIGURE 7 in A new medium-bodied rupicolous Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata Gekkonidae) from the Sirumalai massif, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 7. Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis sp. nov. in life: (A) male, holotype, NCBS-BH743, (B) female, paratype, NCBS-BH746 and (C) juvenile, paratype, NCBS-BH745.
FIGURE 5 in A new medium-bodied rupicolous Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata Gekkonidae) from the Sirumalai massif, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 5. Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis sp. nov. (male, NCBS-BH743): (A) dorsal view of head, (B) ventral view of head, (C) lateral view of head, (D) view of femoral region showing femoral pores marked with fine black spots. (E) ventral view of right manus, and (F) ventral view of right pes. Scale bars 10 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new medium-bodied rupicolous Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata Gekkonidae) from the Sirumalai massif, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 3. Habitat photo of (A) Hemidactylus kolliensis from Pachaimalai, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu, (B) Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis sp. nov. from Sirumalai, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India.
FIGURE 6 in A new medium-bodied rupicolous Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata Gekkonidae) from the Sirumalai massif, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 6. Detailed pholidosis at mid-body of Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis sp. nov. (holotype, NCBS-BH743): (A) dorsal side and (B) ventral side. Scale bars 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new medium-bodied rupicolous Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata Gekkonidae) from the Sirumalai massif, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 1. Left panel: elevation map of southern India showing the localities of sampled members of graniticolus clade (circles) and acanthopholis clade (triangles); right panel: maximum likelihood phylogeny based on ND2 of the members of prashadi group which are distributed south of 13° N. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap support in %, value <70 and outgroups not shown.
FIGURE 4 in A new medium-bodied rupicolous Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata Gekkonidae) from the Sirumalai massif, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 4. Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis sp. nov. (male, NCBS-BH743): (A) dorsal view of body, (B) ventral view of body, (C) dorsal view of tail, and (D) ventral view of tail. Scale bars 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Protoplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 5. Diagnostic characters of Protoplotina ambigua sp. n.: a) head; b) abdomen, male; c) ventrite 5, female; d–h) abdominal postcoxal line variations; i–k. male genitalia: i) tegmen, inner view; j) tegmen, lateral view; k) penis; l) female genitalia.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Protoplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 3. Protoplotina ambigua sp. n., profile of colour variants: a, b) pale brown form; c, d) darker brown variants.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Protoplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 2. Variations in colour and elytral pattern of Protoplotina ambigua sp. n.: a, b) variants with distinct elytral maculae; c, d) darker variants without distinct elytral maculae.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Protoplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURE 1. Life stages of Protoplotina ambigua sp. n.: a) eggs in mealybug colony; b) single egg (enlarged); c, d) larva; e, f) pupa; g, h) adult.
Data from: Diagnostic pathways and direct medical costs incurred by new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients prior to anti-tuberculosis treatment – Tamil Nadu, India
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) patients face substantial delays prior to treatment initiation, and out of pocket (OOP) expenditures often surpass the economic productivity of the household. We evaluated the pre-diagnostic cost and health seeking behaviour of new adult pulmonary TB patients registered at Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This descriptive study, part of a randomised controlled trial conducted in three rural Tuberculosis Units from Dec 2012 to Dec 2015, collected data on number of health facilities, dates of visits prior to the initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and direct OOP medical costs associated with TB diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis examined the factors associated with delays in treatment initiation and OOP expenditures. Results: Of 880 TB patients interviewed, 34.7% presented to public health facilities and 65% patients sought private health facilities as their first point of care. The average monthly individual income was $77.79 (SD 57.14). About 69% incurred some pre-treatment costs at an average of $39.74. Overall, patients experienced a median of 6 days (3-11 IQR) of time to treatment initiation and 21 days (10-30 IQR) of health systems delay. Age ≤ 40 years (aOR: 1.73; CI: 1.22 - 2.44), diabetes (aOR: 1.63; CI: 1.08 - 2.44) and first visit to a private health facility (aOR: 17.2; CI: 11.1 - 26.4) were associated with higher direct OOP medical costs, while age ≤ 40 years (aOR: 0.64; CI: 0.48 - 0.85) and first visit to private health facility (aOR: 1.79, CI: 1.34 - 2.39) were associated with health systems delay. Conclusion: The majority of rural TB patients registering at PHCs visited private health facilities first and incurred substantial direct OOP medical costs and delays prior to diagnosis and anti-tuberculosis treatment initiation. This study highlights the need for PHCs to be made as the preferred choice for first point of contact, to combat TB more efficiently.
FIGURES 2A–C in Strongylovelia lillyae sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) from Tamil Nadu, India: the first species of the genus described from the Indian subcontinent
FIGURES 2A–C. Distribution map of Strongylovelia lillyae sp. nov.: A, India map; B, Tamil Nadu map; C, distribution of Strongylovelia lillyae sp. nov. in Kanyakumari district, diamond-shape denotes the distribution of the new species.
FIGURES 1A–O in Strongylovelia lillyae sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) from Tamil Nadu, India: the first species of the genus described from the Indian subcontinent
FIGURES 1A–O. Strongylovelia lillyae sp. nov.: (apterous form otherwise mentioned) A, male, dorsal view; B, female, dorsal view; C, dealated female, dorsal view; D, macropterous female, dorsal view; E, male, ventral view; F, female, lateral view; G, male abdominal segment VIII, ventral view; H, male genital capsule, lateral view; I, male paramere, lateral view; J, male proctiger, dorsal view; K, male pygophore, dorsal view; L, male endosoma, dorsal view showing sclerites; M, same, dorsolateral view in transmittance light; N, same, lateral view; O, female gonapophyses and proctiger, lateral view (ba—basal articulation; ds—dorsal sclerite; gagonangulum; go1—first gonapophysis; go2—second gonapophysis; ls—lateral sclerite; pa—paramere; pr—proctiger; pypygophore; vs—ventral sclerite).
FIGURES 12–22. 12–14, 22 in A new species of the genus Sason (Araneae: Barychelidae) from Rameshwaram Island, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURES 12–22. 12–14, 22. Sason rameshwaram sp. nov., female. 12. Spider in its nest, upper part of nest removed. 13. Empty nest with trapdoor open. 14. Spider in its nest, trapdoor open. 15–21, male, scale = 1.00 mm. 15. Eyes, dorsal view. 16. Cuspules on labium, ventral view. 17. Palpal tibiae, tarsi and bulbs, ventral view. 18, 19. Habitus, dorsal view. 20. Tibia I, ventral view. 21. Chelicerae, front view showing rastellar spine (arrow). 22. Female's camouflaged nest on tamarind tree.
FIGURES 23–34 in A new species of the genus Sason (Araneae: Barychelidae) from Rameshwaram Island, Tamil Nadu, India
FIGURES 23–34. Sason rameshwaram sp. nov. (Scale 1.00 mm). 23–28. female. 23. cephalothorax and abdomen, dorsal view. 24. Eyes, dorsal view. 25. Chelicera, prolateral view. 26. Spinnerets, ventral view. 27. Sternum, maxillae and labium, ventral view. 28. Spermathecae of holotype, ventral view. 29–34. Male. 29. Chelicera with rastellar spicule. 30. Maxillae and labium. 31. Right tibia I, ventral view. 32–34. Male palp. 32. Retrolateral view. 33. Ventral view. 34. Prolateral view.
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