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578 results for “Telomeres”
Data from: Proximity to roads, but not exposure to metal pollution, is associated with accelerated developmental telomere shortening in nestling great tits
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Comprehensively understanding the factors affecting physiology and fitness in urban wildlife requires concurrently considering multiple stressors. To this end, we simultaneously assessed how metal pollution and proximity to roads affect body condition and telomere shortening between days 8 and 15 of age in nestling great tits (<i>Parus major</i>), a common urban bird. We employed a repeated-measures sampling design to compare telomere shortening and body condition between nestlings from four urban study sites south of Antwerp, Belgium, which are located at different distances from a metal pollution point source. In addition, we explored associations between metal exposure and telomere dynamics on the individual level by measuring blood concentrations of five metals/metalloids, of which lead, copper and zinc were present at concentrations about the limit of detection. To assess whether roadway-associated stressors (e.g. noise and air pollution) might affect nestling condition and telomere shortening, we measured the proximity of nest boxes to roads. Metal exposure was not associated with nestling telomere length or body condition, despite elevated blood lead concentrations close to a metal pollution source (mean ± SE = 0.270 ± 0.095 µg/g wet weight at the most polluted study site), suggesting that nestlings may have some capacity to detoxify metals. However, nestlings from nest boxes near roads exhibited more telomere shortening between days 8 and 15 of age, and shorter telomeres at day 15. Nestlings in poorer condition also had shorter telomeres, but proximity to the road was unrelated to body condition. Thus, nutritional stress is unlikely to mediate the relationship between proximity to roads and telomere length. Rather, proximity to roads could have affected telomere shortening by exposing nestlings to air or noise pollution. Our study highlights that traffic-related pollution, which is implicated in human health problems, might also affect urban wildlife.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Telomere lengths of great tit nestlings in Latvia (2018-2019)
<p>This study deals with telomere lengths of 15-day-old great tit nestlings in two habitats: an old-growth mature unmanaged coniferous forest and a young-managed coniferous forest in 2018 in SE Latvia. Survival of nestlings at day 15 also was measured. </p>
A near telomere-to-telomere phased reference assembly for the male mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) - Pacbio HIFI reads
<p>The critically endangered mountain gorilla Gorilla beringei beringei faces numerous threats to its survival, highlighting the urgent need for genomic resources to aid conservation efforts. Here, we present a near telomere-to-telomere, haplotype-phased reference genome assembly for a male mountain gorilla generated using Pacbio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Ultralong data. The resulting assembly exhibits exceptional contiguity, with contig N50 of ~ 95 Mbps for the combined pseudohaplotype (3,540,458,497 bps, and 56.5 Mbps (3.1 Gbps) and 51.0 Mbps (3.2 Gbps) for the maternal and paternal haplotypes and an average QV of 65.15 (error rate = 3.1 x 10-7) and 0% switch errors detected. These represent substantial improvements over most other available primate genomes. This high-quality reference genome provides an invaluable resource for future studies on gorilla evolution, adaptation, and conservation, ultimately contributing to the long-term survival of this iconic species.</p> <p>This read set is comprised of fastqs from Pacbio HIFI (3 runs).</p> <p>A preprint for this work is available at bioRXiv, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.28.620258</p>
A near telomere-to-telomere phased reference assembly for the male mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) -Oxford Nanopore reads
<p>The critically endangered mountain gorilla <em>Gorilla beringei beringei</em> faces numerous threats to its survival, highlighting the urgent need for genomic resources to aid conservation efforts. Here, we present a near telomere-to-telomere, haplotype-phased reference genome assembly for a male mountain gorilla generated using Pacbio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Ultralong data. The resulting assembly exhibits exceptional contiguity, with contig N50 of ~ 95 Mbps for the combined pseudohaplotype (3,540,458,497 bps, and 56.5 Mbps (3.1 Gbps) and 51.0 Mbps (3.2 Gbps) for the maternal and paternal haplotypes and an average QV of 65.15 (error rate = 3.1 x 10-7) and 0% switch errors detected. These represent substantial improvements over most other available primate genomes. This high-quality reference genome provides an invaluable resource for future studies on gorilla evolution, adaptation, and conservation, ultimately contributing to the long-term survival of this iconic species.</p> <p>This repository hosts the Oxford Nanopore ultralong reads.</p> <p>The preprint for this work is available at bioRXiv, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.28.620258. </p>
Dataset: Shorter telomeres precede population extinction in wild lizards
<p>This dataset contains the information on telomere length in yearling (1 yo) lizards (Zootoca vivipara) captured in 2015 from 10 populations along alitudinal gradient. These data has been analysed and published in Dupoué et al. (2017). Shorter telomeres precede population extinction in wild lizards, Scientific Reports, 7:16976</p>
Early life growth and telomere length in wild boar piglets 2018
<p><span>Life history theory predicts a trade-off between growth rates and lifespan, which is reflected by telomere length, a biomarker of somatic state. We investigated the correlation between telomere</span><span> length and early life growth of wild boar piglets, <i>Sus scrofa, </i>kept under semi-natural conditions with</span><span> high food availability to examine our hypothesis that increased pre-and post-natal growth will lead to</span><span> telomere length attrition but that a high supply of nutrient may provide the possibility to compensate telomere loss via telomere repair mechanisms. As predicted, our data showed a clear negative correlation between birth body mass and initial telomere length: heavier neonates had shorter telomeres at birth, and we did not find an influence of the mother on initial telomere length. Body mass at birth correlated with body mass later in life and post-natal growth rate did not affect telomere length. We observed an increase in telomere length during postnatal development, suggesting that high food availability allowed piglets to invest into both, growth and telomere restoration. The increase in telomere length over the duration of the study was not accompanied by telomerase activity, thus telomere elongation was either caused by alternative mechanisms or by short pulses of telomerase activity, that we missed. Taken together, this study suggests a trade-off between investment into growth and telomere maintenance even before birth and the possibility to compensate telomere attrition during growth under high amounts of available energy.</span></p>
R script used for: Telomeres in a spatial context: a tool for understanding ageing pattern variation in wild populations
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ageing refers to the loss of organismal functionality with age, a process that is characterised by decreased reproduction and survival probability. In natural populations, it is expected that environmental conditions influence an individual's ageing trajectory. Understanding the role of environmental heterogeneity on ageing variation could provide criticleinsights into population resilience and species distribution but remains overlooked. Telomeres, the end cap of chromosomes, are a promising integrative physiological marker of an individual's health and a possible proxy to aid the understanding of variation in ageing trajectories. Here, we review the existing information on telomere length and its dynamics in wild populations distributed across spatial scales. Despite a relative scarcity of information, there is evidence for divergence in telomere length between populations facing contrasting environments. Nonetheless, a higher spatial resolution and temporal replication is needed to fully understand the role that environmental conditions play on telomere length variation. Since most of the existing studies are correlational, future field and laboratory experiments are required. For the first time, we demonstrate the use of population telomere data to predict species habitat suitability through Species Distribution Models (SDMs). This represents a promising new research area in the study of ageing pattern variation in wild populations. Furthermore, the inclusion of telomere data in future physiological-SDMs may improve our understanding of species distribution and population resilience. However, the use of telomeres within this context could be limited if no previous knowledge on the relevance of telomeres as markers of health and survival at the species level is available. Finally, we suggest some key practical and theoretical considerations that, ideally, future studies combining biogeographic and telomere data should pay attention. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: A multi-tissue view on telomere dynamics and postnatal growth
<p>Trade-offs between growth and self-maintenance are common in nature, such that early-life effects on growth can generate lasting consequences on survival and longevity. Telomeres – putative biomarkers of self-maintenance – may link early growth with these later phenotypic effects, but evidence for growth-telomere trade-offs is mixed. Null or even positive relationships between growth and telomeres may be driven by heterogeneity in resource availability or invariable allocation towards telomere maintenance within a population. We used nestling tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) to assess the directionality and timing of relationships between growth and telomere length in several tissues. We focused on two important phases of growth: first, the peak of postnatal growth occurring around 6-days old when nestlings grow by ~33% in a single day, and subsequently, the later phase of growth occurring as body mass plateaus near adult size at 12-days old. We quantified telomere attrition in blood during postnatal growth, as well as telomere length in the blood, brain, adrenals, and liver at 12-days old. Growth was unrelated to telomere length in the liver and telomere dynamics in blood. However, brain telomere length was positively correlated with peak growth, and adrenal telomere length was positively related to later growth, particularly for chicks that had experienced a temporary stressor. These observations suggest that variation in resource availability may mask trade-offs, generating positive correlations between growth and telomere length at the population level. They also provide insights into complex relationships between growth and self-maintenance that can be revealed by looking in multiple tissues.</p>
Data for: Telomere length is highly repeatable and shorter in individuals with more elaborate sexual ornamentation in a short-lived passerine
<p>Quantifying an individual's state as fitness proxy has proven challenging, but accumulating evidence suggests that telomere length and attrition may indicate individual somatic state and success at self-maintenance, respectively. Sexual ornamentation is also thought to signal phenotypic quality, but links between telomeres and sexual ornamentation have been little explored. To address this issue, we examined whether telomere length and dynamics are predicted by the expression of a sexually selected ornament, the length of the outermost tail feathers (streamers), using longitudinal data from a population of European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). In 139 adult individuals, each measured twice, we further assessed associations of telomere length with age, sex, breeding status and survival. Telomere length showed high individual repeatability (R = 0.97) across years while shortening with age in both sexes. Telomere length and dynamics were not significantly associated with survival to the next year, remaining lifespan, or reproduction status (comparing breeding and non-breeding yearlings). Tail streamer length, a sexually selected trait in barn swallows, was negatively associated with telomere length, independent of sex. Thus, telomere length may reflect the costs of carrying an elaborated sexual ornament, although ornament size did not significantly predict telomere shortening. In conclusion, telomere length in adult barn swallows is a highly consistent trait that shows a negative relationship with sexual ornamentation, suggesting a trade-off between sexual ornamentation and telomere length.</p>
Flashy male Jamaican anoles (Anolis grahami) show accelerated telomere attrition
<p>Data on Jamaican Anoles dewlap size and colouration, bite force and telomere attrition</p>
Data for: Heritability and parental effects in telomere length in a color polymorphic long-lived bird
<p>Telomere length, an indicator of senescence, has been shown to be heritable but can also be affected by environmental factors, like parental effects. Investigating heritability as well as parental effects and rearing environment can help us to understand the factors affecting offspring telomeres. Moreover, how phenotypic parental traits linked with fitness can impact offspring telomere length is still unclear. A phenotypic marker closely associated with physiological traits and fitness is melanin-based color polymorphism, which in tawny owl (<em>Strix aluco</em>) is highly heritable and strongly associated with adult telomere shortening and survival. We studied narrow-sense heritability (h<sup>2</sup>) of telomere length (RTL), as well as the impact of parental age and color morph and their interaction on offspring telomere length. Offspring RTL at fledging was strongly positively correlated with both mother and father RTL at breeding. Offspring RTL was also negatively associated with father age, suggesting that older fathers sired offspring with shorter telomeres. Parental color morph did not explain offspring telomere length and there were no interactive effects of parental morph and age, despite previously documented morph-specific senescence patterns. Our results suggest that telomere length is highly heritable and affected by paternal age, but not related to color polymorphism. This suggests that either morph-specific telomere shortening as adult does not result in significantly shorter telomeres in their gametes, or that parents compensate morph-specific senescence via parental care. Morph-specific patterns of telomere dynamics in polymorphic species may thus emerge from different life-history strategies adopted in adulthood.</p>
Telomere length correlates with physiological and behavioural responses of a long-lived seabird to an ecologically-relevant challenge
<p>Determinants of individual variation in reallocation of limited resources towards self-maintenance versus reproduction are not well known. We tested the hypothesis that individual heterogeneity in long-term "somatic state" a) explains variation in endocrine and behavioural responses to environmental challenges, and b) is associated with variation in strategies for allocating to self-maintenance versus reproduction. We used relative telomere length as an indicator of somatic state and experimentally generated an abrupt short-term reduction of food availability (withdrawal of food supplementation) for free-living seabirds (Black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla). Incubating male kittiwakes responded to withdrawal by increasing circulating corticosterone and losing more weight compared to continuously supplemented controls. Males with longer telomeres increased time in directed travel regardless of treatment, while experiencing smaller increases in corticosterone. Males with longer telomeres fledged more chicks in the control group and tended to be more likely to return regardless of treatment. This study supports the hypothesis that somatic state can explain variation in short-term physiological and behavioural responses to challenges, and longer-term consequences for fitness. Male kittiwakes with longer telomeres appear to have prioritized investment in self over investment in offspring under challenging conditions.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE 4. Dendrogram of eight hyacinths species using between-groups linkge At the Euclidean distance of 20, the eight were clustered into group I, II and III.
FIGURE. FISH karyotype pattern diagram of 8 diploid hyacinth cultivars a.'Gypsy Queen'; b.'Purple sensation' c.'Pink pearl' d.'Gypsy princess' e.'Blue pearl' f.'Odysseus' g.'Yellowstone' h.'Red pearl' Red point: 45S rDNA loci; Green point: 45S rDNA loci; Yellow point: ITR sites in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE. FISH karyotype pattern diagram of 8 diploid hyacinth cultivars a.'Gypsy Queen'; b.'Purple sensation' c.'Pink pearl' d.'Gypsy princess' e.'Blue pearl' f.'Odysseus' g.'Yellowstone' h.'Red pearl' Red point: 45S rDNA loci; Green point: 45S rDNA loci; Yellow point: ITR sites
FIGURE. Results of FISH physical mapping on metaphase chromosomes of hyacinth 1. The distribution of 45S rDNA (red arrow) and 5S rDNA (green arrow) signals on the chromosomes; 2. The distribution of telomeric repeats signals on the chromosomes; 3. Chromosome karyotype with 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA; 4. Chromosome karyotype with telomeric repeats. A. 'Gypsy Queen' B.'Purple sensation' C.'Pink pearl' D.'Gypsy princess' E.'Blue pearl' F.'Odysseus' G.'Yellow stone' H.'Red pearl' in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE. Results of FISH physical mapping on metaphase chromosomes of hyacinth 1. The distribution of 45S rDNA (red arrow) and 5S rDNA (green arrow) signals on the chromosomes; 2. The distribution of telomeric repeats signals on the chromosomes; 3. Chromosome karyotype with 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA; 4. Chromosome karyotype with telomeric repeats. A. 'Gypsy Queen' B.'Purple sensation' C.'Pink pearl' D.'Gypsy princess' E.'Blue pearl' F.'Odysseus' G.'Yellow stone' H.'Red pearl'
FIGURE. Eight diploid hyacinth cultivars a in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE. Eight diploid hyacinth cultivars a.'Gypsy Queen'; b.'Purple Sensation' c.'Pink Pearl' d.'Gypsy Princess' e.'Blue Pearl' f.'Odysseus' g.'Yellow Stone' h.'Red Pearl'
Supplementary material 1 from: Pereira T, Reis A, Cardoso D, Cristiano M (2018) Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and localization of the (TTAGG)n telomeric repeats in the chromosomes of Acromyrmex striatus (Roger, 1863) suggests a lower ancestral karyotype for leafcutter ants. Comparative Cytogenetics 12(1): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v12i1.21799
Figure S1. Phylogenomic tree used to estimate the ancestral chromosome number. : Explanation note: Numbers at nodes represent the first and second most likely haploid chromosome number followed by posterior support values under Bayesian optimization and the ancestral haploid chromosome number with best likelihood under maximum likelihood optimization, as follows: [first haploid state (P.P.%)// second haploid state (P.P.%)// ML haploid state].
Electron tomography of mouse LINC complexes at meiotic telomere attachment sites with and without microtubules - High Resolution Supplementary Movies
<p>High resolution movies of the paper 'Electron tomography of mouse LINC complexes at meiotic telomere attachment sites with and without microtubules' by Spindler et al..</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Movie 1:</strong> Transmission electron tomographic reconstruction and annotation of a meiotic telomere attachment site to the nuclear envelope (NE). The movie sequence shows the progression through the tomogram in z with annotations on individual virtual sections. The combination of virtual sections results in the 3D model of the site. After an initial rotation of the model, the nuclear envelope is faded out to provide better visibility of the filaments. Annotations include the synaptonemal complex (lateral elements in magenta, central element in yellow), attachment plates (lilac) the transverse filaments (blue) and the LINC complexes (light cyan).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Movie 2:</strong> Transmission electron tomographic reconstruction and annotation of a meiotic telomere attachment site to the nuclear envelope (NE) with a microtubule. Movie sequence progresses through the reconstructed tomogram, showing how the annotation of the structures of interest on individual virtual sections combine into a 3D model of the attachment site. The attachment site is close to a microtubule running parallel to the nuclear envelope. Annotations in accordance with Supplementary Movie 1, microtubule annotated in purple.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Migration and stress during reproduction govern telomere dynamics in a seabird
Changes in telomere length are believed to reflect changes in physiological state and life expectancy in animals. However, much remains unknown about the determinants of telomere dynamics in wild populations, and specifically the influence of conditions during highly mobile life-history stages, for example migration. We tested whether telomere dynamics were associated with migratory behaviour and/or with stress during reproduction in free-living seabirds. We induced short-term stress during reproduction in chick-rearing, black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), tracked winter migration with geolocators and measured telomere length before and after winter migration. We found that time spent at wintering grounds correlated with reduced telomere loss, while stress during reproduction accelerated telomere shortening. Our results suggest that different life-history stages interact to influence telomere length, and that migratory patterns may be important determinants of variation in an individual's telomere dynamics.
Data from: Tail loss and telomeres: consequences of large-scale tissue regeneration in a terrestrial ectotherm.
Large-scale tissue regeneration has potential consequences for telomere length through increases in cell division and changes in metabolism which increase the potential for oxidative stress damage to telomeres. The effects of regeneration on telomere dynamics have been studied in fish and marine invertebrates, but the literature is scarce for terrestrial species. We experimentally induced tail autotomy in a lizard (Niveoscincus ocellatus) and assessed relative telomere length (RTL) in blood samples before and after partial tail regeneration while concurrently measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The change in ROS levels was a significant explanatory variable for the change in RTL over the sixty-day experiment. At the average value of ROS change, the mean RTL increased significantly in the control group (intact tails), but there was no such evidence in the regenerating group. In contrast, ROS levels decreased significantly in the regenerating group, but there was no such evidence in the control group. Combined, these results suggest that tail regeneration following autotomy involves a response to oxidative stress and this potentially comes at a cost to telomere repair. This change in telomere maintenance demonstrates a potential long-term cost of tail regeneration beyond the re-growth of tissue itself.
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