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3,673 results for “Temporal”
Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on winter wheat growth and yield
<p>During two growing seasons (2013-2014, 2014-2015), an artificial shade structure was installed on the experimental farm of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech to evaluate winter wheat growth, productivity and quality under shade. During both seasons, global radiation (MJ/m²/days) at crop canopy level was measured with quantum sensors (CS300- Campbell Scientific Inc., USA – accuracy ± 5 % for the daily global radiation) and recorded every minute by a data logger (CR1000 - Campbell Scientific Inc., USA). These data are compiled at a daily time scale for each treatment (CS: constant shade, PS: periodic shade, NS: no shade) into the tables “<em>GR_2013_2014.txt</em>” and “<em>GR_2014_2015.txt</em>”.</p> <p>During the cropping season, we sampled winter wheat to assess aboveground biomass, dry matter dynamics, final yield, yield components (thousand grain yield, grain size, and spike per m²) and grain protein content. These data are compiled in the two tables “<em>sampling_2013_2014.txt</em>” and “<em>sampling_2014_2015.txt</em>”. Samples were taken from three adjacent sowing lines of 40 cm. To assess dry matter distribution (g/m²), wheat plants were subdivided into spikes (<em>DM_Spike_g_m2</em>) and straw (<em>DM_Straw_g_m2</em>), dried and weighed. The final yield is expressed in t/ha at 0% humidity (<em>Yield_t_ha_0%</em>). We assessed the proportion of grain size using 3 sieves: 2.2, 2.5, 2.8 mm (<em>Grain_weight_seive_2.2mm, Grain_weight_seive_2.5mm, Grain_weight_seive_2.8mm</em>). Thousand grain weight at 0% humidity was calculated on subsamples from the harvested plots (<em>TGW_g_0%</em>). Protein content (%) analysis was performed with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique (<em>Protein_content_%).</em></p> <p>Detailed information on the experimental design will be available in the following paper: “Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry” in European Journal of Agronomy.</p>
Supplementary Material: Automated Extraction of Inundated Areas from Multi-Temporal Dual-Polarization RADARSAT-2 Images of the 2011 Central Thailand Flood
<p>Supplementary figures for Figure 4. Automated threshold values using the neighborhood valley method of water references in the red elliptical areas from the HH, HV and HH + HV sigma-naught values. The dashed lines represent unimodal distributions, and the solid lines represent bimodal distributions.</p>
Synthetic Smart Card Data for the Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Patterns
<p>This is a synthetic smart card data set that can be used to test pattern detection methods for the extraction of temporal and spatial data. The data set is tab seperated and based on a stylized travel pattern description for city of Utrecht in The Netherlands and is developed and used in Chapter 6 of the PhD Thesis of Paul Bouman. </p> <p>This dataset contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li>journeys.tsv : the actual data set of synthetic smart card data</li> <li>utrecht.xml : the activity pattern definition that was used to randomly generate the synthethic smart card data</li> <li>validate.ref : a file derived from the activity pattern definition that can be used for validation purposes. It specifies which activity types occur at each location in the smart card data set.</li> </ul>
IVMOOC 2017 - GloBI Data for Interactive Tableau Map of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Interactions
<p>Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI, www.globalbioticinteractions.org) provides an infrastructure and data service that aggregates and archives known biotic interaction databases to provide easy access to species interaction data. This project explores the coverage of GloBI data against known taxonomic catalogues in order to <em>identify ‘gaps’ in knowledge of species interactions</em>. We examine the richness of GloBI’s datasets using itself as a frame of reference for comparison and explore interaction networks according to geographic regions over time. The resulting analysis and visualizations intend to provide insights that may help to enhance GloBI as a resource for research and education.</p> <p>Spatial and temporal biotic interactions data were used in the construction of an interactive Tableau map. The raw data (IVMOOC 2017 GloBI <em>Kingdom</em> Data Extracted 2017 04 17.csv) was extracted from the project-specific SQL database server. The raw data was clean and preprocessed (IVMOOC 2017 GloBI Cleaned Tableau Data.csv) for use in the Tableau map. Data cleaning and preprocessing steps are detailed in the companion paper.</p> <p>The <strong>interactive Tableau map</strong> can be found here: https://public.tableau.com/profile/publish/IVMOOC2017-GloBISpatialDistributionofInteractions/InteractionsMapTimeSeries#!/publish-confirm</p> <p>The<strong> companion paper</strong> can be found here: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.814979</p> <p><strong>Complementary high resolution visualizations </strong>can be found here: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.814922</p> <p><strong>Project-specific data </strong>can be found here: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804103 (SQL server database)</p>
Data and code corresponding to the article "Interaction network structure explains species temporal persistence in empirical plant-pollinator communities"
<p>This upload contains the Datasets and code to generate the results of the article "Interaction network structure explains species temporal persistence in empirical plant-pollinator communities".</p><p>The database comprises two files containing the abundances of plants and pollinators, and one containing the interaction networks among plants and pollinators. </p><p>The code folder contains the code to generate the results, and to generate the figures of the manuscript. </p>
Precipitation-temporal-clustering-and-Italian-landslides
<p>This repository contains results about the spatial and temporal distribution of temporal clustering of precipitation and analysis of landslides triggers based on movement types over Italy.</p>
Data from: Opposing responses of temporal stability of aboveground and belowground net primary productivity to water and nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland
<p><span>Changes in water and nitrogen availability, as important elements of global environmental change, are known to affect the temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, evidences for their effects on the temporal stability of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), and whether such effects are consistent between belowground and aboveground, are rather scarce. Here, we investigated the responses of temporal stability of both ANPP and BNPP to water and nitrogen addition based on a 9-year manipulative experiment in a temperate grassland in northern China. The results showed that the temporal stability of ANPP increased with water addition but decreased with nitrogen addition. By contrast, the temporal stability of BNPP decreased with water addition but increased with nitrogen enrichment. The temporal stability of ANPP was mainly determined by the soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen, which modulated species asynchrony, as well as by the stability of dominant species. On the other hand, the temporal stability of BNPP was mainly driven by the soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen that modulated ANPP of grasses, and by the direct effect of soil water availability. Our study provides the first evidence on the opposite responses of aboveground and belowground grassland temporal stability to increased water and nitrogen availability, highlighting the importance of considering both aboveground and belowground components of ecosystems for a more comprehensive understanding of their dynamics.</span></p>
Supplemental files for "Lateral and Temporal Constraints on The Depositional History of The Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, USA"
<p>Radiocarbon, strontium isotope, optically stimulated luminescence, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, tephra microprobe, grain-size, ostracode, and diatom occurrence data, from the Bonneville Salt Flats as well as regional strontium isotope data.</p>
Data for: Drivers of wood decay in tropical ecosystems: Termites vs. microbes along spatial, temporal and experimental precipitation gradients
<ol> <li>Models estimating decomposition rates of dead wood across space and time are mainly based on studies carried out in temperate zones where microbes are dominant drivers of decomposition. However, most dead wood biomass is found in tropical ecosystems, where termites are also important wood consumers. Given the dependence of microbial decomposition on moisture with termite decomposition thought to be more resilient to dry conditions, the relative importance of these decomposition agents is expected to shift along gradients in precipitation that affect wood moisture.</li> <li>Here, we investigated the relative roles of microbes and termites in wood decomposition across precipitation gradients in space, time and with a simulated drought experiment in tropical Australia. We deployed mesh bags with non-native pine wood blocks, allowing termite access to half the bags. Bags were collected every six months (end of wet and dry seasons) over a four-year period across 5 sites along a rainfall gradient (ranging from savanna to wet sclerophyll to rainforest) and within a simulated drought experiment at the wettest site. We expected microbial decomposition to proceed faster in wet conditions with greater relative influence of termites in dry conditions.</li> <li>Consistent with expectations, microbial-mediated wood decomposition was slowest in dry savanna sites, dry seasons, and simulated drought conditions. Wood blocks discovered by termites decomposed 16% to 36% faster than blocks undiscovered by termites regardless of precipitation levels. Concurrently, termites were 10 times more likely to discover wood in dry savanna compared with wet rainforest sites, compensating for slow microbial decomposition in savannas. For wood discovered by termites, seasonality and drought did not significantly affect decomposition rates.</li> <li>Taken together, we found that spatial and seasonal variation in precipitation are important in shaping wood decomposition rates as driven by termites and microbes, although these different gradients do not equally impact decomposition agents. As we better understand how climate change will affect precipitation regimes across the tropics, our results can improve predictions of how wood decomposition agents will shift with potential for altering carbon fluxes.</li> </ol>
Temporal Patterns and Trends in Corporate Donations Using PageRank and Node Similarity Graph Algorithm
<p>Corporate donations wield considerable influence within political arenas, shaping policies and influencing decision-making processes. This study uses Neo4j, an advanced graph database tool, to explore a comprehensive company dataset, focusing on unraveling temporal patterns and evolving trends in corporate contributions. Visual representations, such as bar charts, reveal significant fluctuations in donations, indicating potential cyclic patterns occurring every six years. The study explores intricate relationships between donor entities and recipients, highlighting diverse donation patterns—both focused and widespread. The study's derived PageRank scores offer a comprehensive portrayal of the varying degrees of influence among diverse entities receiving donations within the network. Notably, the Conservative and Unionist Party emerges as the most prominent entity, boasting a striking score of 1.86, indicating a substantial influx of financial support likely to significantly shape its political endeavors. Despite a lower score of 0.62, the Labor Party still signifies a noteworthy level of financial backing, albeit less extensive than its counterpart. In contrast, the Liberal Democrats, The In Campaign Ltd, and Network for Animals Ltd exhibit comparatively restrained financial backing, warranting deeper investigation into the factors affecting their funding. Moreover, undisclosed findings regarding 170 similarity scores using Node Similarity algorithm disclose a prevalent similarity trend among entities, notably observed between Company 1 and Company 2, implying potential synergistic partnerships in donation-related endeavors. This high similarity often indicates shared values, highlighting prospects for collaborative initiatives or partnerships to augment positive impacts. Utilizing these insights supports the formulation of targeted donation strategies, circumventing donation redundancies, and ensuring optimal resource allocation for maximal societal benefit within specified sectors.</p> <p>Keywords—Company Dataset, Corporate Donations, Neo4j, Node Similarity, PageRank, Political Influence </p> <p> </p>
Livestock activity shifts large herbivore temporal distributions to their crepuscular edges
<p>Wildlife species are transitioning to greater crepuscular and nocturnal activity in response to high human densities. This plasticity in temporal niches may partially mitigate the impacts of human activity but may also result in underestimating human effects on species foraging, predator-prey relationships, and community level interactions. We deployed remote cameras to characterize shifts in herbivore diel activity in protected habitat vs pastoralist landscapes. We then compared species traits including body mass, dietary preferences, and behavioral characteristics as potential predictors of species sensitivity to livestock. Our data capture a significant temporal shift away from core cattle activity for nearly every herbivore species in our study, leading to more crepuscular activity patterns. As livestock were primarily diurnal and predators primarily nocturnal in pastoralist habitat, species that decreased their overlap with livestock were more likely to increase their overlap with potential predators. Other than species' typical daytime activity levels, we found no evidence that any particular trait significantly predicted temporal shifts in response to livestock. Instead, species generally trended toward greater activity levels at dawn, suggesting that cattle have a homogenizing effect on community-wide activity patterns. Our findings highlight how cohabitation with livestock can profoundly alter the temporal niches of wild herbivores. Shifts in diel activity patterns may reduce herbivore foraging time or efficiency and potentially have cascading shifts on predator-prey dynamics. Given that species traits could not predict responses to livestock, our analysis suggests that conservation strategies should consider each species separately when designing interventions for wildlife management.</p>
Temporal Seismic Velocity Changes Associated with the Mw 6.1, May 2008 Ölfus Doublet, South Iceland: a Joint Interpretation from dv/v and GPS. Cubuk-Sabuncu-etal-Dataset
<p>The dataset for the article "Temporal Seismic Velocity Changes Associated with the Mw 6.1, May 2008 Ölfus Doublet, South Iceland: a Joint Interpretation from dv/v and GPS" by Cubuk-Sabuncu et al. is provided.</p> <p>The weather dataset is now included in version 2.</p>
Temporal cluster-based organisation of sleep spindles underlies motor memory consolidation
<p><span>Sleep benefits motor memory consolidation, which is mediated by sleep spindle activity and associated memory reactivations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. However, the particular role of NREM2 and NREM3 sleep spindles and the mechanisms triggering this memory consolidation process remai<span>n unclear. Here, sim</span>ultaneous electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recordings were collected during night-time sleep following the learning of a motor sequence task. Adopting a time-based clustering approach, we provide evidence that spindles iteratively occur within clustered and temporally organised patterns during both NREM2 and NREM3 sleep. However, the clustering of spindles in trains is related to motor memory consolidation during NREM2 sleep only</span><span>. Altogether</span><span>,</span><span> our findings suggest t</span><span>hat</span><span> spindles' clustering and </span><span>rhythmic occurrence </span><span>during NREM2 sleep may serve as an intrinsic rhythmic sleep mechanism for the timed reactivation and subsequent consolidation of motor memories, through synchronised oscillatory activity within a subcortical-cortical network involved during learning</span>.</p>
Data from: Exponential history integration with diverse temporal scales in retrosplenial cortex supports hyperbolic behavior
<p>Animals rely on their experience to guide their next choice. In foraging-type tasks guided by history-dependent value, these experiences are typically integrated such that the weights of past events initially decay quickly over time but show a longer tail than expected by exponential decay. Rather, such integration is better described by a hyperbolic function. Hyperbolic integration affords sensitivity to both recent environmental dynamics and long-term trends, however the mechanism by which the brain implements this hyperbolic integration is unknown. We trained mice on a history-dependent, value-based decision task and found that the mice indeed showed hyperbolic decay on their weighting of past experience. However, the activity of history-encoding cortical neurons showed weighting with exponential decay. In resolving this apparent mismatch, we observed that cortical neurons encode history information heterogeneously across a wide variety of exponential time-constants, with the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) overrepresenting longer time-constants compared to other areas. A model that combines these diverse timescales of exponential history integration can recreate the heavy-tailed, hyperbolic history integration observed in behavior. In particular, time-constants of RSC neurons best matched the behavior, and optogenetic inactivation of RSC uniquely reduced the use of history information. These results indicate that behavior-relevant history information is maintained in neurons across multiple timescales in parallel, and suggest that the neural population in RSC is a critical reservoir of this information guiding decision-making.</p>
Data for: Temporal variations in female moose responses to roads and logging in the absence of wolves
<p>Animal movements, needed to acquire food resources, avoid predation risk, and find breeding partners, are influenced by annual and circadian cycles. Decisions related to movement reflect a quest to maximize benefits while limiting costs, especially in heterogeneous landscapes. Predation by wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) has been identified as the major driver of moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) habitat selection patterns, and linear features have been shown to increase wolf efficiency to travel, hunt and kill prey. However, few studies have described moose behavioral response to roads and logging in Canada in the absence of wolves. We thus characterized temporal changes (i.e., day phases and biological periods) in eastern moose (<em>Alces alces americana</em>) habitat selection and space use patterns near a road network in a wolf-free area located south of the St. Lawrence River (eastern Canada). We used telemetry data collected on 18 females between 2017 and 2019 to build resource selection functions and mixed linear regressions to explain variations in habitat selection patterns, home-range size and movement rates. Female moose selected forest stands providing forage when movement was not impeded by snow cover (i.e., spring/green-up, summer/rearing, fall/rut) and stands offering protection against incidental predation during calving. In winter, home-range size decreased with an increasing proportion of stands providing food and shelter against harsh weather, limiting the energetic costs associated with movement. Our results reaffirmed the year-round aversive effect of roads, even in the absence of wolves, but the magnitude of this avoidance differed between day phases, being lower during the "dusk-night-dawn" phase, perhaps due to a lower level of human activity on and near roads. Female moose behavior in our study area was similar to what was observed in landscapes where moose and wolves cohabit, suggesting that the risk associated with humans, perceived as another type of predator, and with incidental predators (coyote <em>Canis latrans</em>,<em> </em>black bear <em>Ursus americanus</em>), equates that of wolf predation in heavily managed landscapes.</p>
Climate warming and temporal variation in reproduction strategies in the endangered meadow viper
<p>Here, we used more than three decades of mark-recapture data in a natural population of the endangered meadow viper (<i>Vipera ursinii ursinii</i>) to unravel the patterns of temporal variation in reproductive traits, local climatic determinants of inter-annual variation in reproduction and the potential buffering effects of life cycle on population growth rate. We found significant inter-annual variation in annual body growth, gestation length, post-parturition body condition, clutch success and offspring traits at birth, but little temporal effects in reproductive effort. Temperature during gestation was the most influential local climatic determinant by shortening gestation length, and increasing clutch success and post-parturition body condition. Neither air humidity nor insolation was found to influence reproduction.</p>
Resources for: Spatio-temporal integrated Bayesian species distribution models reveal lack of broad relationships between traits and range shifts
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Climate change and habitat loss or degradation are some of the greatest threats that species face today, often resulting in range shifts. Species traits have been discussed as important predictors of range shifts, with the identification of general trends being of great interest for conservation efforts. However, studies reviewing relationships between traits and range shifts have questioned the existence of such generalized trends, due to mixed results and weak correlations, as well as analytical shortcomings. The aim of this study was to test this relationship empirically, using analytical approaches that account for common sources of bias when assessing range trends.<br><strong>Location</strong>: Tanzania, East Africa.<br><strong>Time period</strong>: 1980-1999 and 2000-2020.<br><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: 57 savannah specialist birds found in Tanzania, belonging to 26 families and 11 orders.<br><strong>Methods</strong>: We applied recently developed integrated spatio-temporal species distribution models in R-INLA, combining citizen science and bird atlas data to estimate ranges of species, quantify range shifts, and test the predictive power of traditional trait groups, as well as exposure-related and sensitivity traits. We based our study on 40 years of bird observations in East African savannahs, a biome that has experienced increasing climatic and non-climatic pressures over recent decades. We correlated patterns of change with species traits.<br><strong>Results</strong>: We find indications of relationships identified by previous research, but low average explanatory power of traits from an ecological perspective, confirming the lack of meaningful general associations. However, our analysis finds compelling species-specific results.<br><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: We highlight the importance of individual assessments, while demonstrating the usefulness of our analytical approach for analyses of range shifts.</p>
Temporal dynamics of invertebrate community assembly in Lake Victoria since the Late Pleistocene based on chitinous remains
<p>Preserved assemblages of invertebrate remains in lacustrine sediment reveal temporal variations of community composition and environmental conditions. However, records for large tropical lakes are scarce. Lake Victoria, the largest tropical lake, has a dynamic history of changes in water level, biogeochemistry, and fish community composition over the past ~17,000 cal yr BP. In order to quantify changes in the invertebrate assemblage of Lake Victoria from the Late Pleistocene throughout the Holocene, we examined chitinous remains of Cladocera and larval dipterans (Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) from a sediment core (37 m water depth) dated from ~13,700 cal yr BP to present. We identified four major phases in the invertebrate assemblage throughout this period of lake history. First, Chironomidae and Chaoboridae appeared at low abundances during the earliest stages of the lake inundation in the late Pleistocene, at a time when Cladocera were notably absent. Second, chaoborids and chironomids increased in abundance during the Mid Holocene, which coincided with high diatom production towards the end of the Holocene African Humid Period. Third, starting ~4,700 cal yr BP, <i>Alona</i>, a predominantly littoral cladoceran genus, consistently appeared in the invertebrate assemblage alongside changes in mixing regimes and persisted throughout the Late Holocene to present. Fourth, the arrival of both <i>Chydorus</i> and <i>Bosmina longirostris</i> marked the establishment of an abundant cladoceran assemblage at ~1,350 cal yr BP. The assemblage then gradually shifted toward the increasing dominance of <i>B. longirostris</i>, a planktonic cladoceran. This study provides the first multi-millennial record of sedimentary invertebrate assemblages in Lake Victoria, and elucidates some of the temporal development of these communities throughout most of the modern ecosystem's dynamic history. Overall, we provide novel insights into the temporal dynamics of invertebrate community assembly in relation to climatic and environmental variability in tropical lakes.</p>
Figure 10 in Effect of three different land use types on the temporal dynamics of microarthropod abundance in the high Guinean savanna of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon)
Figure 10: PCA biplot of environmental parameters and abundance of microarthropods with month as grouping factor. sav ctrl: savanna; mb: maize bare; mbnpk: maize with chemical NPK fertilizer; mmdom: maize with dead organic matter.
Figure 9 in Effect of three different land use types on the temporal dynamics of microarthropod abundance in the high Guinean savanna of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon)
Figure 9. PCA biplot of environmental parameters and abundance of microarthropods with treatment as grouping factor. sav ctrl: savanna, mb: maize bare, mbnpk: maize with chemical NPK fertilizer, mmdom: maize with dead organic matter.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.