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179 results for “Xenarthra”
FIGURE 7 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 7. Skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001), lateral and posterior views. A, lateral; and B, and occipital views. Scale bar = 50 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Osteoderms of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. A–D, LPP-PV-001, A, osteoderm of cephalic shield. B, fixed osteoderm of scapular buckler in dorsal and lateral views. C, fixed osteoderm of pelvic buckler. D, movable osteoderm in dorsal and right lateral views. E, (LPP-PV-002) semimovable osteoderm of pelvic buckler, F, (LPP-PV-001) semimovable osteoderm of scapular buckler. G, (LPP-PV-002) caudal osteoderm (proximal portion of the tail). H–I, LPP-PV-001, H, caudal osteoderm (median portion), and I, caudal osteoderm (distal portion). Scale bar = 20 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Complete skeleton of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). Scale bar = 300 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map and Location of Lapinha Cave. A–B, location of Iramaia Municipality in Bahia state, Brazil. C, map of Lapinha Cave highlighting its second lower level and the points where the fossils were found (adapted map provided by GPME Speleology Group). Legend: white, ground level of the cave; yellow, first lower level; light blue, second lower level; and dark green, third lower level of the cave. Abbreviations: G, site where glyptodonts were collected; P1 and P2 (holotype and paratype, respectively), the sites where these pampatheres were collected.
FIGURE 11 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 11. Schematic representation of the right upper tooth rows of South American Quaternary pampatheres. A, Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002). B, H. rondoniensis (holotype, MERO-P-002). C, H. occidentalis (ROM 3881). D, H. paulacoutoi (holotype, MCL-501/01). E, H. septentrionalis (HMNS 173). F, Pampatherium typum (MACN Pv 11543). G, P. humboldtii (MHD-P-28). In black, absent molariforms (shape inferred from the alveolus); in some cases, the occlusal surface is totally or partially destroyed, thus some illustrations were completed from the left tooth row of the same exemplar. Scale bar = 30 mm.
FIGURE 14 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 14. Hyoid apparatus of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. A–B, lateral view (holotype, LPP-PV-001); A, stylohyal; B, epihyal; and C, (paratype, LPP-PV-002) ventral view of the basithyrohyal co-ossification (= v-bone). Scale bar = 30 mm.
FIGURE 23 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 23. Right astragalus and calcaneus of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). A–B, astragalus in A, dorsal; and B, ventral views. C–D, calcaneus in C, dorsal; and D, ventral views. Scale bar = 50 mm.
FIGURE 17 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 17. Vertebral portions of ribs of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). Second to tenth right ribs. Scale bar = 30 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Exterior and interior of Lapinha Cave. A, External view; in the right below of the picture, notice the cave entrance closed by a gate. B–C, Specimens of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. buried in the cave, B, LPP-PV-001; and C, LPP-PV-002 at the moment of the excavation.
FIGURE 15 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 15. Vertebral column of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. A-E, presynsacral vertebrae of the holotype (LPP-PV-001). A, dorsal view of the articulated presynsacral vertebrae. B–C, mesocervical bone in B, dorsal; and C, lateral views. D–E, postcervical bone in D, dorsal; and E, lateral views. F, xenarthrous vertebrae of the paratype (LPP-PV-002). Scale bars = 50 mm. G, caudal vertebrae of the holotype (LPP-PV-001); Scale bar = 100 mm. Abbreviations: C1–C7, cervical vertebrae; L1, first lumbar vertebra; T4–T10, thoracic vertebrae; m, mesocervical bone (C2+C3+C4+C5); p, postcervical bone (T1+T2+T3).
FIGURE 21 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 21. Right forelimb bones of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). A–B, humerus in A, anterior; and B, posterior views. C–D, radius in C, anterior; and D, posterior views. E–H, ulna in E, lateral; F, anterior; G, posterior; and H, medial views. Abbreviations: hsp, hook-shaped projection; scf, supracondylar foramen; tn, trochlear notch. Scale bar = 50 mm.
FIGURE 12 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 12. Sagittal planes of skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002), computed tomographic scan images. A, 1 mm; B, 2 mm; and C, 4 mm from the median sagittal plane. Abbreviations: ec, endocranial cavity; ma, maxilla; Mf1, first molariform; Mf2, second molariform; nc, nasal cavity; pm, premaxilla. Scale bars = 35 mm.
FIGURE 10 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 10. Ventral view of frontal plane of skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002), computed tomographic scan image, –15 mm from the palate surface. Abbreviations: ju, jugal bone; ma, maxilla; Mf1, first molariform; Mf2, second molariform; nc, nasal cavity; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; zpm, zygomatic process of maxilla. Scale bar = 35 mm
FIGURE 20 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 20. Pelvis of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). A, dorsal; and B, lateral views. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; lsc, lateral synsacral crest; of, obturator foramen; sif, synsacroischial foramen; ssa, synsacral ala. Scale bar = 50 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 5. Skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001), dorsal and ventral views. A, dorsal; and B, ventral views. Scale bar = 50 mm.
FIGURE 13 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 13. Right hemimandible of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002). A, lateral; B, medial; and C, occlusal views. Scale bar = 50 mm.
FIGURE 9 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 9. Ventrolateral view of the skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002) focusing the left auditory region. aptt, anteroventral process of tegmen tympany; as, alisphenoid; bb, bony bridge between tympanohyal and crista interfenestralis; bcc, basicochlear commissure; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; cf, carotid foramen; cp, crista parotica; eam, external auditory meatus; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; fo, foramen ovale; fr/sof, fused foramen rotundum and sphenorbital fissure; fm, foramen magnum; fs, facial sulcus; gf, glenoid fossa; hf, hypoglossal foramen; itc, infratemporal crest; Mf9, ninth upper molariform; mp, mastoid process (pop, paroccipital process of petrosal of Gaudin, Lyon (2017)); mx, maxilla; nc, nuchal crest; occ, occipital foramen; of, optic foramen; pcp, paracondylar process of exoccipital (= paroccipital process); pe, petrosal; pf, piriform fenestra; pgf, postglenoid foramen; pgp, postglenoid process; pr, promontorium of petrosal; pt, pterygoid; pt/pl, fused pterygoid and palatine; spf/cpf, fused sphenopalatine and caudal palatine foramina; smf, suprameatal foramen; stf, stylomastoid foramen; sq, squamosal; th, tympanohyal; ttf, tensor tympani fossa on epitympanic wing of petrosal; zp, zygomatic process of squamosal. Perspective figure, dimensions must be compared to Figs. 6 and 8. Based on Gaudin & Lyon (2017).
FIGURE 6 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 6. Skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002), dorsal and ventral views. A, dorsal; and B, ventral views. Scale bar = 50 mm.
APPENDIX 4 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
APPENDIX 4. Table of measurements of the caudal vertebrae of H. cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-01). Cd, caudal vertebra.
APPENDIX 3 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil
APPENDIX 3. Table of measurements of precaudal vertebrae including synsacral caudal vertebrae of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (LPP-PV-001 and LPP-PV-002) and Pampatherium humboldtii (MCL 900). C, cervical vertebra; L, lumbar vertebra; S, synsacral vertebra; T, thoracic vertebra. *, also presents xenarthrous articulation.
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