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The impact of biological bedforms on near-bed and subsurface flow: a laboratory validated numerical study of flow in the vicinity of pits and mounds
<p>The data were used in the paper "The impact of biological bedforms on near-bed and subsurface flow: a laboratory validated numerical study of flow in the vicinity of pits and mounds" which was submitted to "Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface". In this paper, a novel, unified water-sediment three-dimensional model is developed to investigate the impact of simulated biogenic bedforms. The impact of biogenic bedforms on near-bed turbulence and sediment entrainment is discussed in gravelly substrates. Biogenic bedform morphology has an important role in determining the spatial extent of up- and down-welling flow.</p>
Topographic steering in mountain rivers with thousands of large bed elements
<p>Morphological control of river hydraulics, or ‘topographic steering’, influences the spatial patterning and persistence of aquatic habitats and channel-change processes. While imperative to addressing questions or problems in river engineering, fluvial geomorphology, and aquatic ecology the study of topographic steering in natural rivers is still limited, particularly amidst the landform complexity of mountain rivers. This study presents new theory, methods, and findings for investigating landform structure, hydraulics, and mechanisms by which topographic steering asserts control in mountain rivers. Using a novel combination of point-cloud processing and topographic differencing 52,926 individual boulders and bedrock outcrops were mapped within a 13.2-km segment of the mountainous Yuba River (Northern California). Employing a 15% cover threshold these large bed elements (LBEs) were identified as an important source of landform non-uniformity. Coupled with outputs from two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modeling and an original flow pattern analysis framework, LBEs were also revealed as significantly contributing to highly non-uniform flow patterns classified during discharge simulations ranging from baseflow to a ~3.5-year flood. New metrics on flow pattern hydraulics and spatial persistence outline a spectrum of hydraulic-morphodynamic mechanisms describing stage-dependent spatial stratification of erosional and depositional tendencies. Within this continuum three hydraulic-morphodynamic conceptual models (“chutes-and-traps”, “stage-dependent dynamic mobility”, and “variable-scale topographic steering”) are proposed and tested for their relative roles in the Yuba River study site. Findings show the site is characterized by a mechanism where changing flow patterns provide a template for many combinations for sediment mobilization and deposition important to the sediment balance of the supply-limited study site.</p>
Data and R-code on a cross-sectional study of factors associated with lameness in dairy cows housed in freestall and compost-bedded pack dairy farms in southern Brazil
<p>The data correspond to a cross-sectional study designed to investigate factors associated with lameness in dairy cows on intensive farms in southern Brazil.<br> Farms: 38 freestall and 12 compost-bedded pack visited once in 2016. All lactating cows (n = 13,716) were examined and body condition score (BCS) and gait score were assessed. Additionally, some variables were collected through inspection of facilities and using data from an interview with farmers on routine herd management practices.<br> Additional information is provided in the published paper ("Factors associated with lameness prevalence in lactating cows housed in freestall and compost-bedded pack dairy farms in southern Brazil" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104773)</p>
Waves plus currents INteracting at a right anGle over rough bedS (WINGS)
<p> </p> <p>The project aims at investigating the overall effects induced by combined wave plus current flow on the near bed flow in the presence of different roughness conditions (loose sand, gravel, fixed ripples) with waves and currents crossing at a right angle. This condition is indeed typical of coastal regions, where waves and longshore currents coexist. In this framework, the goal of the experiments is to understand how the combined flow affects the velocity distribution through the water column and the apparent bed roughness.</p>
Text-fig. 3. Schematic geological section of the Kristina Mine near Hrádek/N. (state in 1963–1964) – height/length ratio 3:1. Explanations: vertical hatching – lignite seam, seamlet; dotted – coarse-grained sand, pea-gravel; short lines – sandy clay; white – clay; black lines – clay ironstone concretions; black dots – individual fossiliferous horizons designated as (A) plastic clay from the upper part of the main xylitic seam (about 5 m under t of the seam, (B) clay and "Blätterkohle" from the uppermost part of the first seamlet (split off the Main Coal Seam), (C) slightly sandy brown clay under the uppermost part of the Main Coal Seam, (D) base of the sandy clay with large concretions of the clay ironstone above the Main Coal Seam, (E) sandy clay (incl. clay ironstone) supplying most of leaf material with cuticles (F) 1–2 cm thin silty lenticles or thin beds of the sandy clay with xylites and Eomastixia within peagravels and coarse-grained sands, (G) coarse-grained sands with clayish silts with Fagus, Ocotea, Pterocarya, Tectocarya, (H) brown sandy clay underlying the uppermost seamlet, (I) lignite clay, base of the uppermost seamlet (J) Glyptostrobus – "Blätterkohle", base of the uppermost seamlet (according to Holý 1975, modified). in A Review Of The Early Miocene Mastixioid Flora Of The Kristina Mine At Hrádek Nad Nisou In North Bohemia (The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 3. Schematic geological section of the Kristina Mine near Hrádek/N. (state in 1963–1964) – height/length ratio 3:1. Explanations: vertical hatching – lignite seam, seamlet; dotted – coarse-grained sand, pea-gravel; short lines – sandy clay; white – clay; black lines – clay ironstone concretions; black dots – individual fossiliferous horizons designated as (A) plastic clay from the upper part of the main xylitic seam (about 5 m under t of the seam, (B) clay and "Blätterkohle" from the uppermost part of the first seamlet (split off the Main Coal Seam), (C) slightly sandy brown clay under the uppermost part of the Main Coal Seam, (D) base of the sandy clay with large concretions of the clay ironstone above the Main Coal Seam, (E) sandy clay (incl. clay ironstone) supplying most of leaf material with cuticles (F) 1–2 cm thin silty lenticles or thin beds of the sandy clay with xylites and Eomastixia within peagravels and coarse-grained sands, (G) coarse-grained sands with clayish silts with Fagus, Ocotea, Pterocarya, Tectocarya, (H) brown sandy clay underlying the uppermost seamlet, (I) lignite clay, base of the uppermost seamlet (J) Glyptostrobus – "Blätterkohle", base of the uppermost seamlet (according to Holý 1975, modified).
Text-fig. 3. Pseudopholidops anteglacialis sp. nov., Králův Dvůr Formation, 'Perník bed', Praha-Řeporyje locality. Bar = 1 mm. A – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1843. B – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1840. C, K – Ventral valve, internal and external moulds, PCZCU 1831. D – Ventral valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1827. E – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1826. F – Ventral valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1830. G – Ventral valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1832. H – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1841. I, J – Holotype, ventral valve, internal and external moulds, PCZCU 1835. L – Exterior, external mould, PCZCU 1836. in Lingulate And Craniate Brachiopods From The Top Of The Králův Dvůr Formation (Latest Katian) And Their Contribution To Palaeogeography
Text-fig. 3. Pseudopholidops anteglacialis sp. nov., Králův Dvůr Formation, 'Perník bed', Praha-Řeporyje locality. Bar = 1 mm. A – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1843. B – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1840. C, K – Ventral valve, internal and external moulds, PCZCU 1831. D – Ventral valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1827. E – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1826. F – Ventral valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1830. G – Ventral valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1832. H – Dorsal valve, internal mould, PCZCU 1841. I, J – Holotype, ventral valve, internal and external moulds, PCZCU 1835. L – Exterior, external mould, PCZCU 1836.
Text-fig. 6. Geological plan of Malo-Mikhaylovka. 1 – andesito-dacite; 2 – coarse-grained tuff; 3 – argillitic tuffite; 4 – tuffitic sandstone; 5 – lignite, coal clay; 6 – lenses of tuffitic conglomerate; 7 – acidic tuff; 8 – dacite; 9 – andesito-basalt; 10 – basalt; 11 – sandstone; 12 – andesite; 13 – break; 14 – inclination/direction of beds; 15 – plant-bearing levels; 16 – talus. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)
Text-fig. 6. Geological plan of Malo-Mikhaylovka. 1 – andesito-dacite; 2 – coarse-grained tuff; 3 – argillitic tuffite; 4 – tuffitic sandstone; 5 – lignite, coal clay; 6 – lenses of tuffitic conglomerate; 7 – acidic tuff; 8 – dacite; 9 – andesito-basalt; 10 – basalt; 11 – sandstone; 12 – andesite; 13 – break; 14 – inclination/direction of beds; 15 – plant-bearing levels; 16 – talus.
Text-fig. 1. Geological section of the south-western coast in the Nakatova Bay, 28 km south of De Kastri village showing interbedding plant-bearing clays with tuffaceus argillites. 1 – tuff; 2 – tuffaceous argillate; 3 – sandy tuffite; 4 – interbed with lignitic fragments in bedded andesite; 5 – tuffitic conglomerate; 6 – basaltoid agglomerate; 7 – unconformity; 8 – plant-bearing level. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)
Text-fig. 1. Geological section of the south-western coast in the Nakatova Bay, 28 km south of De Kastri village showing interbedding plant-bearing clays with tuffaceus argillites. 1 – tuff; 2 – tuffaceous argillate; 3 – sandy tuffite; 4 – interbed with lignitic fragments in bedded andesite; 5 – tuffitic conglomerate; 6 – basaltoid agglomerate; 7 – unconformity; 8 – plant-bearing level.
Text-fig. 7. Tuffitic argillites and coaly argillites with plant fossils near the bottom of the plant-bearing beds at the MaloMikhaylovka locality. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)
Text-fig. 7. Tuffitic argillites and coaly argillites with plant fossils near the bottom of the plant-bearing beds at the MaloMikhaylovka locality.
Fig. 20 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 20. Spiriferide brachiopods from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A. Howellella (Howellella) latisinuata Kozłowski, 1929; shell ZPAL Bp. 56/26 in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views. B, C. Cyrtina praecedens Kozłowski, 1929. B. Slightly damaged shell ZPAL Bp. 56/37 in dorsal (B1), ventral (B2), lateral (B3), posterior (B4), and anterior (B5) views. C. Incomplete ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/36 in ventral (C1) and posterior (C2) views. Dnistrove, beds 47–48. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 17 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 17. Transverse serial sections through shell of Pseudoprotathyris infantilis (Kozłowski, 1929). ZPAL Bp. 56/186a. Numbers refer to distance in mm from ventral umbo. Dnistrove, bed −4.
Fig. 12 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 12. Rhynchonellide brachiopods from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A–D. Sphaerirhynchia gibbosa (Nikiforova, 1954). A–C. Three complete shells ZPAL Bp. 56/59 (A), ZPAL Bp. 56/60 (B), and ZPAL Bp. 56/61 (C) in dorsal (A1, B1, C1), ventral (A2, B2, C2), lateral (A3, B3, C3), posterior (A4, B4, C4), and anterior (A5, B5, C5) views. D, E. Juvenile, ZPAL Bp. 56/62 (D) and gerontic, ZPAL Bp. 56/63 (E) shells in dorsal (D1, E1), lateral (D2, E2), and posterior (D3, E3) views. F–H. Lanceomyonia borealiformis (Siemiradzki, 1906), three well preserved shells ZPAL Bp. 56/65 (F), ZPAL Bp. 56/66 (G), and ZPAL Bp. 56/67 (H), in different individual age in dorsal (F1, G1, H1), ventral (F2, G2, H2), lateral (F3, G3, H3), posterior (F4, G4, H4), and anterior (F5, G5, H5) views; all from beds 47–48.
Fig. 8 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 8. Pentameride Clorinda pseudolinguifera Kozłowski, 1929 from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A–C. Three shells, ZPAL Bp. 56/48 (A), ZPAL Bp. 56/49 (B), and ZPAL Bp. 56/50 (C), of different size in dorsal (A1, B1, C1), ventral (A2, B2, C2), lateral (A3, B3, C3), posterior (A4, B4, C4), and anterior (A5, B5, C5) views. D. Exterior view of extensively decorticated ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/51 showing cast of the internal morphology of the valve. Beds 47–48. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 15 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 15. Atrypide brachiopods from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A, B. Sepatrypa (Septatrypa) secreta Kozłowski, 1929. Two shells ZPAL Bp. 56/74 (A) and ZPAL Bp. 56/75 (B) in dorsal (A1, B1), ventral (A2, B2), lateral (A3, B3), posterior (A4, B4), and anterior (A5, B5) views. C. Lissatrypa leprosa Kozłowski, 1929; shell ZPAL Bp. 56/100a in dorsal (C1), ventral (C2), lateral (C3), posterior (C4), and anterior (C5) views. Beds 47–48 (A, B) and loose block between the trench and well (C). Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 7 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 7. Orthide brachiopods from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A. Resserella elegantuloides (Kozłowski, 1929), complete shell ZPAL Bp. 56/41 in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views. B. Dalejina frequens (Kozłowski, 1929), complete shell ZPAL Bp. 56/35 in dorsal (B1), ventral (B2), lateral (B3), posterior (B4), and anterior (B5) views. C. Talentella crassiformis (Kozłowski, 1929), articulated shell ZPAL Bp. 56/30 in dorsal (C1), ventral (C2), lateral (C3), posterior (C4), and anterior (C5) views. Beds 47–48. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 3 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 3. Distribution of brachiopod species and their frequency in the section at Dnistrove village. Secular pattern of δ13C (black curve) and δ18O (grey curve) values after Małkowski and Racki (2009) and Racki et al (2012). Lithology after Nikiforova et al. (1972: fig. 82).
Fig. 2 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 2. Field photo of the section at Dnistrove village. The trenched interval reveals the clayey− calcareous Silurian–Devonian boundary beds. Numbers refer to the beds from which brachiopod material was collected (see also Fig. 3).
Fig. 10 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 10. Scatter diagrams of shell width (A) and shell thickness (B) to shell length ratios in Sphaerirhynchia gibbosa (Nikiforova, 1954). Dnistrove, beds 47–48.
Fig. 1 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 1. General map of Eastern Europe and more detailed map of Podolia showing the valleys of the Dniester River and its tributaries. The reference section at Dnistrove (Volkovtsy) is marked by an asterisk. In the upper left corner a stratigraphic scheme of the Late Silurian to Early Devonian succession of Podolia shows the correlation of old and new terminology.
Fig. 6 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 6. Protorthide Skenidioides tatyanae sp. nov. the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (A–L, O) and Khudykivtsi (M, N), (Podolia, Ukraine). A. Holotype ZPAL Bp. 56/118 in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views. B, C, F. Three ventral valves, ZPAL Bp. 56/119 (B), ZPAL Bp. 56/120 (C), and ZPAL Bp. 56/123 (F), in exterior view. D. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/121 in exterior (D1) and oblique posterior (D2) views. E. Slightly damaged shell ZPAL Bp. 56/122 in dorsal view. G. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/124 in exterior (G1) and posterior views (G2). H. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/125 in exterior (H1), lateral (H2), and posterior (H3) views. I. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/126 in anterior (I1) and interior (I2) views. J, K. Two dorsal valves, ZPAL Bp. 56/2 (J) and ZPAL Bp. 56/1 (K) in exterior view. L. Small dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/127 in exterior view. M. Dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/129 in interior (M1) and oblique interior (M2) views and enlargement of cardinalia (M3). N. Incomplete ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/130 in internal (N1) and anterior (N2) views. O. Dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/128 in interior (O1) and oblique interior (O2) views. Dnistrove, beds 7 (J, K) and 47–48 (A–I, L, O); Khudykivtsi (M, N). Scale bars 1 mm.
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