Find research datasets worth reusing

publicJun 2016View details →

Data from: Quantifying the role of colonization history and biotic interactions in shaping communities –a community transplant approach

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicApr 2019View details →

Data from: Effect of distance to edge and edge interaction on seedling regeneration and biotic damage in tropical rainforest fragments: a long‐term experiment

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJan 2017View details →

Data from: Plant interactions as biotic drivers of plasticity in leaf litter traits and decomposability of Quercus petraea

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicNov 2016View details →

Data from: Past tree influence and prescribed fire mediate biotic interactions and community reassembly in a grassland-restoration experiment

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicDec 2024View details →

Data from: Antagonistic biotic interactions mitigate the positive effects of warming on wood decomposition

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Links between prey assemblages and poison frog toxins: a landscape ecology approach to assess how biotic interactions affect species phenotypes

Ecological studies of species pairs showed that biotic interactions promote phenotypic change and eco-evolutionary feedbacks. However, it is unclear how phenotypes respond to synergistic interactions with multiple taxa. We investigate whether interactions with multiple prey species explain spatially structured variation in the skin toxins of the Neotropical poison frog Oophaga pumilio. Specifically, we assess how dissimilarity (i.e., beta diversity) of alkaloid-bearing arthropod prey assemblages (68 ant species) and evolutionary divergence between frog populations (from a neutral genetic marker) contribute to frog poison dissimilarity (toxin profiles composed of 230 different lipophilic alkaloids sampled from 934 frogs at 46 sites). We find that models that incorporate spatial turnover in the composition of ant assemblages explain part of the frog alkaloid variation, and we infer unique alkaloid combinations across the range of O. pumilio. Moreover, we find that alkaloid variation increases weakly with the evolutionary divergence between frog populations. The analytical framework proposed here can be extended to other multi-trophic systems, coevolutionary mosaics, microbial assemblages, and ecosystem services.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Predicting biotic interactions and their variability in a changing environment

Global environmental change is altering the patterns of biodiversity worldwide. Observation and theory suggest that species' distributions and abundances depend on a suite of processes, notably abiotic filtering and biotic interactions, both of which are constrained by species' phylogenetic history. Models predicting species distribution have historically mostly considered abiotic filtering and are only starting to integrate biotic interaction. However, using information on present interactions to forecast the future of biodiversity supposes that biotic interactions will not change when species are confronted with new environments. Using bacterial microcosms, we illustrate how biotic interactions can vary along an environmental gradient and how this variability can depend on the phylogenetic distance between interacting species.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Process-based species pools reveal the hidden signature of biotic interactions amid the influence of temperature filtering

A persistent challenge in ecology is to tease apart the influence of multiple processes acting simultaneously and interacting in complex ways to shape the structure of species assemblages. We implement a heuristic approach that relies on explicitly defining species pools and permits assessment of the relative influence of the main processes thought to shape assemblage structure: environmental filtering, dispersal limitations and biotic interactions. We illustrate our approach using data on the assemblage composition and geographic distribution of hummingbirds, a comprehensive phylogeny and morphological traits. The implementation of several process-based species pool definitions in null models suggests that temperature, but not precipitation or dispersal limitation, acts as the main regional filter of assemblage structure. Incorporating this environmental filter directly into the definition of assemblage-specific species pools revealed an otherwise hidden pattern of phylogenetic evenness, indicating that biotic interactions might further influence hummingbird assemblage structure. Such hidden patterns of assemblage structure call for a reexamination of a multitude of phylogenetic- and trait-based studies that did not explicitly consider potentially important processes in their definition of the species pool. Our heuristic approach provides a transparent way to explore patterns and refine interpretations of the underlying causes of assemblage structure.

opencc-zeroAug 2019View details →

Data from: The interplay of nested biotic interactions and the abiotic environment regulates populations of a hypersymbiont

1. The role of biotic interactions in shaping distribution and abundance of species should be particularly pronounced in symbionts. Indeed, symbionts have a dual niche composed of traits of their individual hosts and the abiotic environment external to the host, and often combine active dispersal at finer scales with host-mediated dispersal at broader scales. The biotic complexity in the determinants of species distribution and abundance should be even more pronounced for hypersymbionts (symbionts of other symbionts). 2. We use a chain of symbiosis to explore the relative influence of nested biotic interactions and the abiotic environment on occupancy and abundance of a hypersymbiont. 3. Our empirical system is the epibiont ciliate Lagenophrys discoidea, which attaches to an ostracod that is itself ectosymbiotic on crayfish (the basal host). We applied multimodel selection and variance partitioning for GLMM to assess the relative importance of: 1) traits of symbiotic hosts (ostracod sex and abundance), 2) traits of basal hosts (crayfish body weight, abundance and intermoult stage), 3) the abiotic environment (water chemistry and climate), and 4) geospatial autocorrelation patterns (capturing potential effects of crayfish dispersal among localities). 4. Our models explained about half of the variation in prevalence and abundance of the hypersymbiont. Variation in prevalence was partly explained, in decreasing order of importance (18-4%) by shared effects of symbiotic host traits and the abiotic environment, pure fixed effects of symbiotic hosts, abiotic environment and geospatial patterns (traits of basal hosts were not relevant). Hypersymbiont abundance was most strongly explained by random effects of host traits (mainly the symbiotic host), in addition to weaker fixed effects (mostly abiotic environment). 5. Our results highlight the major role of the interplay between abundance of symbiotic hosts and water physico-chemistry in regulating populations of a hypersymbiotic ciliate, which is likely critical for dispersal dynamics, availability of attachment resources and suitability of on-host living conditions for the ciliate. We also found moderate signal of regulation by the basal host, for which we propose three mechanisms: 1) modulation of microhabitat suitability (crayfish-created water currents); 2) concentration of symbiotic hosts within crayfish; and 3) dispersal mediated by crayfish. 30-Jul-2019

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Raw data associated to the paper "Analysis of species pair associations combined with functional traits reveals the effects of environmental filtering and biotic interactions in an unmanaged temperate forest"

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Global Biotic Interactions: Elton Dataset Cache for Hurlbert Lab's Avian Diet Database

Global Biotic Interactions: Elton Dataset Cache The intended use of this archive/cache is to allow for offline-enabled access versions of existing species interaction datasets. The program "Elton" (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998263) was used to populate the content of elton-datasets.tar.gz . The same program can be used to extract information from the cache archive also. Global Biotic Interactions (https://globalbioticinteractions.org, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005) also uses these archives to create derived species interaction data archives, search indexes and APIs. Please note that due to size considerations, offline-enabled access to an elton dataset cache of iNaturalist interaction data has been excluded from this publications and moved into a separate Zenodo publication at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3950546 . Contents -------- README: this file elton-datasets.tar.gz: versioned archive with species interaction datasets elton-datasets.tar.sha256: content signature of elton-datasets.tar elton-datasets.tsv: list of included datasets elton.jar: commandline program to help access the species interaction datasets Usage ----- To install, extract elton-datasets.tar.gz into a directory of choice using: tar xfz elton-dataset.tar.gz To use, download elton.jar included this publication and execute the following to get a list of available datasets: java -Xmx4G -jar elton.jar datasets on a system that has java v8+ installed. If all goes well, you should be able to regenerate the included file elton-dataset.tsv . For more information on how to use elton.jar, execute: java -jar elton.jar usage or visit https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/elton for more available commands. Alternatively, without using Elton, you can access the data by inspecting the access.tsv files in the various directories of the datasets directory. When using these datasets in a publication or product, please cite the *original* data providers and publications. You can find the citations in the data. Included datasets: hurlbertlab/dietdatabase    Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.    https://zenodo.org/record/5557741/files/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase-v.1.0.7.zip    2021-11-13T04:21:32.951Z    6200e01b57d2d71c6235dec12e4e16f7b63f3a02c6d295be8115e5e83f6707e6    0.12.2 Associated content ids: hash://sha256/0a35187e80af8fd338b60b5436672694226aeb322f29ed8caf553e8f84db3a91 hash://sha256/898789535052ddff268097cde3666c470516b0713b0a3d807eee054a6e0c57a7 hash://sha256/c904e29c9c3f145fbcf4844297a2059e59b33cd40042a217e9ac957df773e494 hash://sha256/27c32d5a051eee84c2f03035cc88358150c2bf558f04734864301e8a1fbe5dd2 hash://sha256/2e21c326fd7813d754ed45d87420d91846a97854441d137442d5ab04ca67a533 hash://sha256/e1bdb9dfbf88669480e20d506ae0fb04e428401038752d4a40969f6a1dd98036 hash://sha256/b107405cc9b872500d0cf82e2ad7f052a44ed0eab59eb34691492b596af9f1ef hash://sha256/2bfd8b345b16deb4044137c00c0109c6449cc4f07cc0e21026e4aac7b16f2f01 hash://sha256/6b5db06829e932e030faa584b97d36edef662b5a9999179a5d2c6b21ff439186 hash://sha256/b3a596c1b88e9146ed52baa6cd416f40c31a4eeab342a75972f8e9d8ae865852 hash://sha256/43f2a7c19edb4ae4928adf84b9c201a00103c8755ac0042a723fc61b9d1ccd8b hash://sha256/6e6c7d6e29f7156e0c9d8fb9fb1bb272d7ae66682535ebfc582e62906459fb5f hash://sha256/755e5029b1ebe4fe19b9c65867ff52d54cfa850f3011e6ba9afc767cbb80b67d hash://sha256/e0282c90d89354dbf7a802f270755494c5924e14fa8239f4cd960ca64892adc4 hash://sha256/96147111bcb3ae05b580a2e436459eaa4dece7648ace096b6b864c96d9b93e46 hash://sha256/1a04b78caa8b5fc0ff3f7c38d2c82c98644cdaf0970c96cd8e5a5d7349e174d7 hash://sha256/5887a2fd1865f640dca629258bc04e7797e60159f86ffc72b980b284165374a2 hash://sha256/3ab70579f1cc3d1d11ad38aa63eb85323650af8b1d25dbfb01757c6134edc969 hash://sha256/1f1f64af886368f989ff78eb144fa0efb40c726918e4744d3811fa5b5c0a6103 hash://sha256/2ab7e0babbbd91ec73e1a1ae92431d44ebf0c7a2137163bf4c955d5d3ad2e790 hash://sha256/b2551352a27e299d279d26b7aa21fbd5c611775655ef917e83e371ca6142487f hash://sha256/47513e715daf13fb424a011b5f90ba0bcc6a5e683a76d73d7ca1f14801d39798 hash://sha256/74c2d729fff77fc3e7bce2d748c43fc6cf30cf95424b0a59cd8b6ebb5bc0df45 hash://sha256/543c69a03a44c1f037297beb793c6cd6c6a530c4c1e2ebc46d904b21c4dd46f6 hash://sha256/2a4efc9ccf7ccd330e5b10db7c3f9439387cc62bce06f27e7ffb64fe737a3443 hash://sha256/42010bc2e6c78b2fab4a4fe92b29cae1fa95ab218e4cc79b5bd917d886814bf4 hash://sha256/302a0a1a676e9e6c4ba322f652253a003563fa977ee49309a75dc42aefc404f4 hash://sha256/1ec6f8cc1111a0f285700e8fd3cdc9a71b50247202d9d9f14273293a822c0c11 hash://sha256/97f1d7fa3228c0fefadd5fc862d1589729280ed5c4827685a2da3ce29f6d873a hash://sha256/08a5bd4137037e3341262eb90b6d6b4e3fb17e29229b5545bb0a07a93f302623 hash://sha256/6200e01b57d2d71c6235dec12e4e16f7b63f3a02c6d295be8115e5e83f6707e6 hash://sha256/ee14520efac0a056c5a59b648f4d3a30e9654a0748e3e6f8676312394fe8f27c hash://sha256/f728ca63416c592ff490219c7bec5012400727147f997294fabdcdd662561250 hash://sha256/3be48a6dcffd0a4daf24bea66f8719c8fea1f4e6b9bbde3e9844fd3383de092f hash://sha256/91652cb93e47de2d1917baf4bd993209896dea091ebc6ad1e84c8c268a2bf1ba hash://sha256/f15486c6d0e92164ac3511928d06bc54219aa47f8bb681c830e80545b0de4c7d hash://sha256/e0e6e96166539e783ec50befb29e1ef7b858d96c5af2d9c1b794737d56107907 hash://sha256/412d2d9c2a1d6e378940305f6855c49873167295bbc010c9450b86a6dbb9a746 hash://sha256/3c2335eb02bc854707c6229c949dc48c6b9d17d968ff960785f0ad83da8fc992 hash://sha256/53cd1b750017f8c5a538833a8ed2843ef4828e0cffc252821a4d9ec5b2eef9bc hash://sha256/5bafc8cf5bcdd6e981da124ec8d843912116c416c83964f00bf78401b526df83 hash://sha256/28af4f7f94337d2c76cda7a9daffc6d34a3a30b1581401e97bc174a65547f922 hash://sha256/db9034a0abba019ec4213dd7b7c4686412e9aea23e10311a979524e5c6e3f997 hash://sha256/60bb7a11552a3ff98ff0a9043f4fe541b44a4e04d6cb0cec7fd1b53953a16ea0 hash://sha256/90f0996337dd4915b6091d28f34c92ca56dec313ac2658304c3aa53e933cc528 hash://sha256/34136cbd4cb3aa03039a9fccf386e6105697b82313593faf67f6fc899149cb7c hash://sha256/74a1ebded9f27f09c421d1de360bc6fc2ba1f73e72a60048d92ecd8cc54d025f hash://sha256/ca5b9ca0a45c74e81ec90561e40215980b357a1a5e36c3611bb835ee67decc53 hash://sha256/904d2562c6e5c760808484253222267f6c77c13c62430e2ca5f1c9eab137cafc hash://sha256/0c958c241d831307c87c6fa8fb6bfcf22b24e9f6e4db73c69161d4f740e64811 hash://sha256/10d668ed5cc08ebeca582febe85ba6038c4352ba5eebd0176579d32edc901b7a hash://sha256/6932773e9a83f5343d501d5d65c744c68174abffb08a941e95aef5032fbc411f hash://sha256/b20d83632ce70897f1df5b17befdadf322db51fd1dd069114d7d8317074b7309 hash://sha256/0d259ed6476d26c71aa55fbb7ab8d2ca49edb3cef428e23e978c530ffd037018 hash://sha256/51d37ce4d7ac71b10d7e81e0be0ba865c509a6af3748b0d555201aaadce64613 hash://sha256/e522759dc674166276cb8677015063d375af38b4a84bd75f84feb435507a578e hash://sha256/117ae9705f61988897a8d447ad8e5ec7e82c437dac06a12ff1a453e419331105 hash://sha256/8c13055a363c4207c36e152e4f34c1033d15dfc2f62295d81742664364adc55f hash://sha256/0a8fa65e817d0c58ffeeb475dd132dd1adcb48a3a4d22b6282e196e0d11206d7 hash://sha256/e5fecc30c13d1e5b1cb8be14a9084288732e567b83e34fc1a28c97826d1e3883 hash://sha256/75e98d8752b168953557ce4074916d9f829e85204941a5f994ac1edb958e2379 hash://sha256/0f4cd73081db7d1695c95b34d5e4726e68e4893637e5eff635237eb5851d6c62 hash://sha256/d832f11261421a48a65e185b6e3a79ef1ed312ea427f9f998d19ade20f0e938e hash://sha256/da5a39c9e915556c1cd9e670a573e1e260958b3f26bc6c24427062c27b782d0d hash://sha256/d9ca149fdd5246c5257db11463325d3f38ae631655a92cdae97de7de3f1d3346 hash://sha256/4efc9a96f242f4705b44c955a9432feea9b4722e2fc2fb147e708fad785476b5 hash://sha256/0df71a6a1afa90bd9d433875bcd0fe6ac8450471f0a8260ab6a2f6e869143f2c hash://sha256/4b379de470946c4f4d894667a2215b142ce0cce11db13d7b9f98279567bb51c4 hash://sha256/e1e22dc1debc82fde4b073d253d82adfba961bcaedb4dd3c478891fd53e81cb9 hash://sha256/aad2e69f828777e8acc2b8e2495c51706ecb653cc4d95e7c756d0249d3c933d4 hash://sha256/2e7a02fd24f1d9253616241f734d09fb59c0672c0f9e5349e147d01b54e88301 hash://sha256/9ac9487be392ba95cbd99f6b2bbcfaf9f18e315d36a3dd596c74d9a99a392b21 hash://sha256/688fa6a8238287bfdca1fb48640503b6f5a982b348cb0592ef8625f160f4defc hash://sha256/d112f8cb418d262184971e31da0b5866a5953c51caa36290bb7db4f96ad145aa hash://sha256/e0f3d7371950d74526e1bdf1ad4b71ae507c2772dbe8e17f6c222bdd44049ae3 hash://sha256/d8d30d261150444a24a0a2ca79b974518f597de351195a9585d36cf1a520d8b1 hash://sha256/350e4bd926f0cab1238d18c82a6a283ad196845c72d76b4d85deb21f4b649718 hash://sha256/22192be1d4b43e7d3c8f828efa34cc318b3c63d39dd7eaaac24a248abfc45e77 hash://sha256/213898ba31ab30e3b8ac0844b7bcf6b55be704f82d4ee3c64b71a774438c38b6 hash://sha256/ba26949a10740c0aaaf45e8e918cbed8733ca58ec7063d07c0dbb7a208dbb27b hash://sha256/4ea781c2aa7732ce39b5842fd36acf30e7bad8c32085f4dbf67c3bf651826f67 hash://sha256/7af069e91a40c00b63bb6f5507e22aefc3b93c0e046da69b79215afe70b9d54c hash://sha256/7ab93198b35b1109a8a9864b0f330906145ce50f51c8f69f0ed3fbdb007e3cb7 hash://sha256/24a70aaf9961f902e44447d00f9c26253aa882039e2cdd6572bd1fcc305cbd43 hash://sha256/f7d9b2db1e36b8d1c73e3dbfa3feba58a5f5ac76a7fc73001ce73f61a94ef012 hash://sha256/058b6bc1e3645e3718359bc8b49cb227d9b8176cc1b8ce3506071ac5d8416031 hash://sha256/ffa929032708c25d88407e22947aecca02c3b248fbeb7dda02d80124842488f7 hash://sha256/441bae2cdedbfa6b2989564066916d360431453be72b0a79382da13b4890f48e hash://sha256/f3fcff3c2298f2ae885e97a7cdd71451d3f808f1eafdb1105d0d2994b40efc11 hash://sha256/bc7704567f20fb4390c89b1474f39250e9cdee72d2a2f82638ac9d9b0d93d2e7 hash://sha256/8a6671b74d28c16457aae55ddd1ae65724784fe6ae72fd15676b7cf0a4070e31 hash://sha256/969de3b6babc935cc78ac44d426a1213c1fca21442102cfbf9580492994e8894 hash://sha256/9026a486e004be4ee31fa43606ad16cfd1ef4a757d647ea91b4fefcd47de9a60 hash://sha256/2f3793753a2119cab353f1446e97eba222b9fa93f8c8eb263f617ed43948d6a4 hash://sha256/379e55010df996a23709dd4cc5844921279fd6139d1d0d555f369ecdc5198331 hash://sha256/4279e15cf9711e2369f0f7790ef2ec132c05cf9ff7438bdb54657713faabd119 hash://sha256/558186e556d93c127a29791dfc25c5bca776bd521b6c6116be704118746900cc hash://sha256/dd62d8311ae04e89e08f16d318b7ca2ac9d4740fcc1f768939a7beba480a6cb8 hash://sha256/96b432b4b2d60c8991036d5162beabc338876379dfaed5150339f01cf4cd5318 hash://sha256/3e045e52010bdb6515229f57fdafaa26aac2406a02c1ec3fd6df87eb62f94f9c hash://sha256/3ca92d6e5b39eb1a25a635a1fe03dbbaf206cfd68a44c9a36d9b65841b57a74a hash://sha256/ca157c3a09c5c6b4eedb014c315530e30711063011e977eb3f0cf49d58e984d7 hash://sha256/82f2a15bc34fff5afefd009e30235ba20ecd6b6f9e673db1a494525a3cbad23e hash://sha256/74814aaeb5cea9f0ae085b6b501ce5a1aa2703ee30ea728d354fbc19f63ab64e hash://sha256/c79a9f27fde21861892c764afce25f2fb8fb665a1240e652997084c889ae1506 hash://sha256/c77a7cd64114d2b8f90d8ce479cf05b2230671614975181e9400bc0c2c927ec7 hash://sha256/07357d4d61e1a2a581eb7971cb50eb3dc755474a6c91d27bdf09a75603595fb0 hash://sha256/047f170998662be11fa051f6aa127a5311f9739cedaf7c1b8f7fef7ed3e10092 hash://sha256/aa5c538d2e6a7ef96f1bd21b2b3d96067c59ed86be4ba780e4d081c54f178063 hash://sha256/90d2171fef12a042addb0ad3a2ac8e8a46d20ec2c147db157ee532993cac82f1 hash://sha256/b3002525fae20048090ef5f32a712f649510345f0e77f8993e71f5dbacd67f47 hash://sha256/32f8cb8316339d2b075bfc7eb710545cfb00f767318a6d691411f9501f3e291a hash://sha256/421b79b773a2580c573c052fb974ec599be3189c3a038ba2cd9630309148da4a hash://sha256/8a1042fa1d58832cbaa86227649e44627a879da3018badce19f57ea817a9d6b1 hash://sha256/1b9a89145bf8f0f5ff51b208e8c8703c3fe69195d04881ce9c10ca8a39d1645d hash://sha256/9ef5d5e26f29d616acc2c08a34842d575ebe290fcba77bdd3c4f3479b107f626 hash://sha256/606310a92c5e7033587662b6be03a7a642f3317a3d9f1b8565bb6fd9032a1006 hash://sha256/a7636efa3d724ed5f6245a8682bc170d0b1894a87293b1eb288bdd72b91ca612 hash://sha256/363037c74d941dd12f170e4fd6bdf98a24231492ecedbeac03a1e1f50269e466 hash://sha256/b9a4bc3624766fa837232d69ee0292c1f3983e07da3a399e5f262919999321b4 hash://sha256/d2462f6661e287dfe256b6c317f009ae5a9256460063aca637a132cfe20922e4 hash://sha256/20653d2ce41423019117c23d35b483159fbe3570a59f5633a1ebbf96a7897a00 hash://sha256/68de9b9e1ac1182fde04a6677dd0c99f73fd0f0a824cbdf37c255f0e109da240 hash://sha256/3f0808edfa453d4cfe248355405cb41a3c7ae23539741ab97bf00b87ef3e52f4 hash://sha256/b43fb5436b75c8748534d96e58466a49f9a188848ac11909bd2a02c1680b9ffc hash://sha256/7a3bf6abad57be39b60fe836f1ceacc680b3e9175c20626c2dcf6400f48e8b48 hash://sha256/02657dc333fc4dc170bd0097e825fde3f72b7ff52e42fbf1ad1f679678a11e2f hash://sha256/460941a91c3715dc7c8e68afde88fbdcb79622f8f87d259b8b04181ea4d00925 hash://sha256/8bc8e718e2eb4529c550e15a9fda1917e616a6c4e74066e5350dc74640e5b964 hash://sha256/c4e6c6db7111b26d2fc05a516a2be919077be84621e19259ff2ff91a6a2ce038 hash://sha256/0d656cd5dfbc3385f40597579ca9e66d40439d773517843ac6a150c3a7d95ea6 hash://sha256/4a0e54ce3df249def0953e9733f6bf16d9cb76ae0048b6203b1e909111727bce hash://sha256/2c054670f987ea00bbe8e6ccec5d410572ec905e605b0b1a3c07b5d0b24ce349 hash://sha256/7d100c7951047d06d2ceb3a368cc9535ff200ad0f6247f63ae8bd2c72e76348a hash://sha256/34d431ec24a6dc3fc0eaab0c2a28f8c38969d9633bc7f84278984e0e75dc5ca3 hash://sha256/cdaf480d90c6f0918515ce8a7e470fbfc23f0398bf95fd7cf69691e8b47f52c1 hash://sha256/c3ebcb63c124b3cb7740967403e2a9485130a5c98f7af8fd1915a1bd260c9db2 hash://sha256/894d967e4cbecb32eb317bb83c854e1c7a451323bb1579ccbfb065c33c30c654 hash://sha256/e9d4ba7a866bf5a3c6bc4cf447b3bde06cd008b92df3000e38416d81e191f8d1 hash://sha256/f78a012859b42f332ff8b4f28ec0c4e0d07c87075bde5613c3220f7cd15a00c8 hash://sha256/f8ff06f3b0a57e30321b257dfd572b9cd9ec31ff6310c2eb839ec7cbd2cb9ee6 hash://sha256/bf1adc3263afc05c675f273cb056f3cd838bb45bb9d211dc38e31f24ba31b5a7 hash://sha256/a00d691b74410c34a5c533e288ce44148e92e6934253e92d1e8c0b7336fbaf20 hash://sha256/fe6a8f09813b2f09873a9232c00e414373b929614adcae3211c8601690dd02f4 hash://sha256/f606f3aca8ccc8f7ea322a25d388ff34749f5aad876ae6ae274243fb81341d5d hash://sha256/2dd3ef5e49974533ba889c2cbfde9cf457fb46ff5405e0c2308d6d515fd9348a hash://sha256/c9538b5d83648bb0b681cbf731252b0b85a4dedabc9c4a920992fc3f574339b0 hash://sha256/40513f23447d88172787bd21f3997bd5e5cb40313e86b198cb29a3beac117f80 hash://sha256/5e53166be769280a9fb65ccf4df62a47c31ec6ce0438f21140f2836442ad8c75 hash://sha256/e44449fc6cb297bd0a013c58a6b699df3a814d9d26961b2395e65de4117522b8 hash://sha256/9f04d24cd47bac17ef8217ae29d60996a174837fe3f652eadc59981925fc796f hash://sha256/3b5d01bf152a0b9eb7d5007a484db32e1e8989b8b99b7cbc1482a01d37b36c41 hash://sha256/d5037b5e3b13ebe979a13885d5533427ea242a4304c47a88e76611fa81ef88fd hash://sha256/a10c5a3a8f5d83ad75b9ac0a584c88cc0fcc3677155b3929906c3252ac435dfe hash://sha256/b491f2e8f3272d0904f34632dce321f26d26d6dcc792698229758f5596ff4a69 hash://sha256/47aa79c6beefcd8ce75d2bf76c393a79d09392c026e28ab05ab6cc63c5979a69 hash://sha256/275c61fcbde93fa045257150931f1b384b55561114369967ed046679ad1a967b hash://sha256/fba347d144322900ce2a0c540f07439230ef562d99f6b86d9f2266d0b2986d43 hash://sha256/1be96d413d25fb237b3c804ec1df37d9c00513dfb609dfbdb8fd67a5c46ef280 hash://sha256/1817bb36a2166c1cd3b32fee9b54b9468c5e6241f43284558a17f5749233b37a hash://sha256/4b778c78fb102dac8af11fde9ffed4c28ef7dfbd9be33e7143eddc10435293bf hash://sha256/c25f352e8eb45c769dce21e90c123d903b39b2a1c721277565ce141128f36e66 hash://sha256/df5e2964447813fbf475c8f31e475152d26c74e25188b464579a32f7bebbb97f hash://sha256/8a416f6840604d2dd2264b11ebcf3441efdef117bbccca12796638bbcee2c9cb hash://sha256/4e72426c85319b0f419266cbe180a55453c9d0558c3440b9e4e74b443dc16260 hash://sha256/d071b8fee2e20d5f934c5a8f0771d4c29c4fcef1adbc5551488da76eac968169 hash://sha256/54797ee161b81f6793d3266155c5cb0deab7229a19a9ccc90b6c23ac2d23394b hash://sha256/66fb64a42db8df3f94e7ef9fe30370c5abff6a16633b4533a073d2ffbc42f985 hash://sha256/2acefff38e97febe0871b5be7585faa0d0dffa66d0c9fc93629afa871d20c976 hash://sha256/b6e4abee8aaaa45cf09702b2f3cd510a4d089b54b471ecd5ff19a7b3522d8e8d hash://sha256/91dcae11a1c65ccd37f065221f793c9cfad84d22bfb79d6414ed9630a7643090 hash://sha256/8d4fb5581b6eb67f73fc9409bd9b9b6d0ecd5de97961ee2e7497c378a213f863 hash://sha256/66c71cf23c8a8f2af6080562a67dd37b4abd7eb837fbfc3368352e32b4bb1707 hash://sha256/7436d91b5a1d8882cb156771d8ca3f6f189eb179370688330023ca7011280185 hash://sha256/43decfd8c1182694a6598e790c375c8dd5cbdb162a997f056c201f83cda7f161 hash://sha256/f7af54480bc7853b1bf37503d3306c4cd5208716562f8e0aeb19e5aaf9e6cf4b hash://sha256/167fe9d0aeb49278702b441f081cdf975b71f32e90245ec637fc62cde7fcf48d hash://sha256/b2a690ae24015995bdaaa1e05af0d873e62b6c900f652dfd014900943cbc5231 hash://sha256/4fec5c7cf1be0de24fa5704c03f5886871fc333cd2c2e837453f03bb713b2cba hash://sha256/c51adb6931f5ae84406c7c28538572f627065538e79c893ace00476374ae78fc hash://sha256/7a781cbe667788304887c468bbc75dc9a696158b1103139defc5cbf89556ba3b hash://sha256/370bf4b4d7282d37af3b31fc6822e355f25542088811465c40318f8e34490cc4 hash://sha256/d2bd09c28f9120dbe801bf9be241b46f990e1ede2fcc4062dbc5e08939dc43f4 hash://sha256/0dd4378af58bc2d7b3badcdfce26f03b12e4277901370830cddf709cbfa3f92d hash://sha256/55d60c963c4f47f4f258bce1637ea61d7bc5ceec4e8e09d50e60ecea3971a222 hash://sha256/22e33f6865b85229fab7fa52e8c9cf5ea5543cf42ce57e876fe9310c161b63c8 hash://sha256/b598ef3959ea5eb981e3218d0034632d2e84712b582c710a31b67923e558b45e hash://sha256/42d409a85f3005ee2dfcb81c65e37787ee6ecc2f93c06ae4c297d018de23400e hash://sha256/61bf1d95f6e188faa9a40dba6b06278d3c904d2631c458054ae36ade16e192e1 hash://sha256/adaf1b5f27f234b6be28b99fa4c6266cec24feeda991ec54c04aad7395ba6296 hash://sha256/aa71d7b290e3840ba3dfd4ba4625e0a7aad71eded26142501bfb284bc9e8dbdd hash://sha256/651dc74a9cc00e3305cafc53013e5993b8db9e027cb5d739596ce4a930233c82 hash://sha256/9a7929d58deb317f4a361155471659de5592a5fbd355cd1e0a061e575a8fd42e hash://sha256/2b75c9d35897a64d9969543f8a99ffeaa404b8d432ded0241104077e3fece71f hash://sha256/8059dc10d0b43e338dace1573972904989c97846d2bf47d0a1328403e2cfcf71 hash://sha256/befb94aa87ea17b94dbca5066398ff1ebfef1f61fd0ba69e3ccaba3cfe3992fb hash://sha256/32de65776365e7dec3cdfe5d472a2a07878de31dc0e7a567497f1a53aa7bf4cf hash://sha256/aad961123be6c61736620497d38fe680a476decadf3808ca6bb034f85f76cc3d hash://sha256/fcf7157eaa9cec68f7a21ae077ff9c436728d750703e69cdd3c968febc079408 hash://sha256/2251ffc4825c23ab894f104b11e176325552c0229f764d6bdadbe2c902288ed2 hash://sha256/910abe4e0284a11a7c90be1c7e8b2e61f23c534a5c7c0161a29485c154134946 hash://sha256/ceb96ad1dd8db1f79a6f6aa0c7760ba76288d3de9e5af40458fe2aa7737d5fc3 hash://sha256/b136f594ba862187bf759ad60cc39eb25f71f0777db78c62c3dc135c8cf9b40c hash://sha256/c45bfccd2bae52ab660eed3ef6eaefb51b023d9b86912eb2e68da701351c91a2 hash://sha256/6021e52dd994912cf5448a82838da0370d1e7bc5eb5ec956c09ed335efcf76f2 hash://sha256/e5c1be201d41c2e52fb01994ea11311a0a9033d85e2eed02b5ac1a435cddfb88 hash://sha256/e803a2493469d0b607f63b2aa5356675f0ffc278930b7c7b3d2467684639fb9e hash://sha256/995682880b729611ba71c5969c7608509fe810877bb708c32b9bdbaf05f9a979 hash://sha256/44ed51b1e3343c75b3d33a458bbad92c8668e4e59dd025ea5ee067426ded7089 hash://sha256/063ad8e74932bf01051ae87d9fe4e30e8747393193a0c9695fb58a39dd58c828 hash://sha256/cbaf43225637722ebae60a09e8bf4090d0691971d9cf6bd64bff31d4965d063c hash://sha256/3e53401f349ac0b9f85bfbfed3c95391c27e734164f3b3a25ad187df78101e86 hash://sha256/dcf6d03fa4a6e760306a1a04ea59a20b3d60adc4cd5b63c9ef383c0cdf3a8e0a hash://sha256/fed665ade602ad31f92032d45b382a0e17a3101c908b63141845c739088f6c4d hash://sha256/84c0684c80fe10190da52fd2a20f4cc0587d8edfe34cafa33f549f2bfc16380d hash://sha256/e6472f1d9fcf3c02a43dcafe02d2e495f4f0da3e591b5316f432115e299e2f8e hash://sha256/dcc1d0d90d97ef9b2fed037c3816e6b0ce07456c18999a34faebf9c7e333d471 hash://sha256/e7b0fbaf630f866f7cb001bfc19c2512cee33f281d911759aad696ccfef1579b hash://sha256/39b22f92c17362c4bbd3fda101d314561500a5a75bf8cb41255bae6923e746c8 hash://sha256/e1ef1335e47145a7df9e68f9d68884154561fa1d7ce9923016697ed9cf8ab5a6 hash://sha256/59d8289d814426ddc84ea1cb5a4a201cb4697a366174abfe70b29bdb274f22f8 hash://sha256/2c9c171fdabea6cd98bc0bf195f1fa494800ad58005a24d4c9d6b51d5cc25f0c hash://sha256/65b523b229a07770e9d6818c69e78291a67f8d7eedf8772143ae4a2b711155d1 hash://sha256/7304c3eac741eab8814f6f94ca18c0526cd8b8227fedfabe11b774d012b2d1f2 hash://sha256/48226419e8d6e7f0eea9a509c669f481d06e92d46ac5fb7268ae42dd93b72374 hash://sha256/533c736cdc1ad912f593c1637d7fc13aaaf56e4a001e9e37dae83b858b60baac hash://sha256/5f2e60bfc56333a0d3a10d69236505934ad7bac3ef271b2ac46d9adeabda0810 hash://sha256/5a4157d45f5fe6c716d6d4bd9e59180af9522bcbc36f8577732568b36f2f1e47 hash://sha256/4f062236a47f78336d784ec14f033a91f1723b8da944f3b5a7b89e2b3c72c852 hash://sha256/5a7aef8baca51257f74ecb8085bd2dec6d19d7d389fd35e5857835fb17528167 hash://sha256/a6e80319332760af8bac7a92e4aba0ec74633e32f9410ee1838be83b994592f7 hash://sha256/4eca98438209a3a712d263954956b8930670a7408133274295f392bd323bec58 hash://sha256/0f15a61896b99c555007dbeae9fbb6d27ec76016f0cecf153bb87f5d5390ace0 hash://sha256/769626506a54943b08c127c1adbef1b61fe176019a864c511e001eb90ed1116b hash://sha256/a4b75e643507d14bea13eb39fec3377ac21785f84cb06d3362c0babbc33d98cf hash://sha256/52b3c07197644b8541322b8b09e85dada17b89d378c7a5126dc4118393b85e10 hash://sha256/4d2425cc7a9ab3dcbea80ac711d0ef126bde209941f7e61afb2a81e6f686a4ab hash://sha256/f6894bed5c1b67d00d5e93be944b72a5fa87bdcdb733dfa998646ae832e6b2eb hash://sha256/bf5eab8aecf6e5be09b128926513cda8823608ba5d6a4f48f2d8593f0155dec0 hash://sha256/82a069bdeb54c2c83a53b047067a5c9e195274e068a9b1cdf1736c062b2a2013 hash://sha256/775d580e7a93757a7f8ddc68fb7cbdf23031ac8149d5001db87f240facf2f11e hash://sha256/c6ff04c451539af5259258d084b118f57049d0057a1059cc9b6148ec908658f9 hash://sha256/1d798258efe13a66939d10242eae7ab8968a40f812890d03227a6217310558c0 hash://sha256/8a04e55c2d2c86760fd6bb10b7a1cf08967a58be2af8e01cf59542aa6566c7d0 hash://sha256/3cb71a6eedfb11b329f89baa14e002d17177db8d491dc5844f6521ad1382b82e hash://sha256/273d5f2459bb600fde5253410910b0ed772ed3d9c85cdd499ac92a14fba3bc5e hash://sha256/5885766465df8ec0aadaa04e875e3f8cc948696257ac1d3954c7b91166b5740c hash://sha256/0612f447cb8424b57acb1eb555af97d3a0cc6f2adbc790f64a5d8877f9b9e4d7 hash://sha256/d0f968d914540fcc46918f4b561b9fa240f7f622e0313f448051d09ce859c932 hash://sha256/8165e51c4e30043d377205bb7b5168c4317e40705855e08af2bbd794b8bc242c hash://sha256/20f9798434a33cae0fd005471b8c21b719236285d76d722825c7f0f994ecb1b2 hash://sha256/1ec1a155f60753b1b5f48a5a25c1ed8649e9f2ae9426dc4a654282388385fdb0 hash://sha256/127ad790994cd393e21f72ef22bb48f167554132fc938c6b73082e6d707faf67 hash://sha256/8223b13e22c96b14edae345f936f06a08b6443008623b3fb299e9ec0ed40f83e hash://sha256/e2f5ed81a95b20e27a112bb5d856152d590c4475044e6ffba29b5e149a681605 hash://sha256/68eecc51827a7a2e2de84e2a0781b53c6baf1b8fd5191e08d4c8e519e53af58e hash://sha256/b6de61d2bb3ae19a52afc83e5355d635dac8b8004813fb0962a24114073b8000 hash://sha256/1eabbbe95b328822ca134be84f5f204ccf9dfcd69ca242bdcaeba4b28b30089f hash://sha256/c2d2c6ff7c978c7aa3ac7152cecd12df317b70f67682965cc313d990898c1106 hash://sha256/d644bed97f3920b92a8500390dfb36d1850fb7ef212a52499252b6d5c63ff641 hash://sha256/ea5c911985081be9157c4626e6e6e45218a9cb3a0191350c53d4c53689504489 hash://sha256/5b90cdf3341afa3b07033ea21c30e30bd701ca80424738468dd3589725533c0b hash://sha256/bf968dcf526c2aa1e3260431161fe1f8ffd9673491df9626319809a85da55b8b hash://sha256/3483e045cd8906c74d16d638569243d229976cd621ebae348a5ef9ea126ba845 hash://sha256/dabdec49d44779590e1a9ee850f768a61c761be60cc71f21d56e7eea0199ec54 hash://sha256/08e4df2475b3999161b01f29942127ca091e1ded74b013309b935fdb9de8fb5f hash://sha256/59c974a18bda487bc12f5cade7dce20588daaf56f562111bed3c404d948cdf17 hash://sha256/d69eaa3e61ed5f4dddd17ac13f64a7488aeb3bb6d3bfff9aae352e6f2204cd86 hash://sha256/dbccc145696b2bcff2140fc38ba09adcef8a90cd15dbb08ed0c1eb61fc9ad260 hash://sha256/87d062e4de53b49da08f987bb92d6bf873836bc02a1a2805db825f601dc05a72 hash://sha256/e3da1ac92056e05681336319c80cd34e7cb0d23f054bdbd5f30f537b7f49f522 hash://sha256/2ccc6ad277ef27b7690d292d04ced4e8bd9575e56466f523eefeb3ef428064a1 hash://sha256/8bdb420337513bcd1e85bb9e26c66c7691111dd868e9c24467f25e1af65b442f hash://sha256/9067d2a9070946456cabc6861391054168e3c9815997d8974b10c8207599ed9b hash://sha256/253d842d836b9ddd75780eae91cf847be51671f6e228e7c696d9d3c41aa8ee76 hash://sha256/703480bf18e86b5046cc86096a5e5197d637e13605ae4404b37462b875f00112 hash://sha256/9b7174d2e037c23c9065ecea17e559054637a3840b362c6e3eccc0ac1abfdf73 hash://sha256/6bdd11563c2b34c8beae62fef56f5437091f6ad17ffc1ff19f9522d34fc94f2d hash://sha256/d456279f5871e90b9bcd8fb58c0fb68a2c03883fa0b3e03c36c2fabb6893fd77 hash://sha256/2794da57cae786c32726ed4e4b9dea57e2f5f2bdca790cf8b74595c5aca69d93 hash://sha256/c7ce865a42a384a99dbf7fc9833fd5db3df93f3ee86a2fe67c4834bb24565f33 hash://sha256/31062cc734c83474558dc803e514642d44d4e41a0938845cdbb597c70e258b2f hash://sha256/7a003c8f2b41d01f2f1ae609b855179756df67f0b056d9d0c6b2521ed79633b6 hash://sha256/4f4aaba4dfbde31dfdb5338bb40d0c9ab9912c95a3eacc4687441e61925f12b7 hash://sha256/6a9157ecec697a897e63a2e6588b355c68f2ccc6561351ff299d4370a5b8db9c hash://sha256/94edfb226ea8697ef12f9a510679b4b4a64aba0666409b31007a214be3766e67 hash://sha256/5e200c5efa143f47e3119c0c8371878b7e272bbc444e859a039e360a9be17945 hash://sha256/508bfaa08a99228fe61ea8fe56911ff8b19fcd76cd3f611dea44727cba1ab5e4 hash://sha256/eb9653cad4667fb1eb1e5e02d2f5e19aab4391bfbed45f45b41d9f6cf9e7d2df hash://sha256/55626a13773c77c936906381b46cd6635363f6713bb7c90006991bfd947894c3 hash://sha256/482a6af0efea4ba01e66ce92fe8d14b248ba926fee85dddb68123cbc09bf3dee hash://sha256/255469821c107c193334897fc769d9e53c05b5ab77ff7323f61a8ca31a70374f hash://sha256/6abdd7a0f9428a9fea097cbfc680f92894f7774bad2bf812a97d5c58f44ba5cc hash://sha256/df72dd06264057bcd9c5e0c223d7e5e1c4964ac5801e5d0f37cfd8768e1d209a hash://sha256/ee2bbc4c3a28765b6fa49bc7a2d8e3baa07fa4fbf2b200834f28a44a5998aec7 hash://sha256/55906181fe1f06daa4e730d4db15432e3dad9c3b6a75210cef7f85114573c055 hash://sha256/f51335556ea755bdac1c6d2eb2057076f4db39d20ed9847585b83cfff2f134e6 hash://sha256/242803edf4abca43d6baad88e42bc697cf6c2cce70a807d5bb2270962d6a4177 hash://sha256/1631a36b1deb3fbbf42be0d23e561f30cacdb25a3673bdb3bd2b92de48973b39 hash://sha256/444e2ddf11e9275b5b28f8a37457b07a10683ee15900e47c0c1d4ab90adb2b1f hash://sha256/95df2c06441ed91b4220933ffede4e6f9cc4c2933d230b5e30eca75009262d1c hash://sha256/bcb0b4f74d3acd8eb9dc84903b7c516dcd7a2be4870884f937796cc965e961af hash://sha256/cbd434566de23f2287d2fe8da0548418a45166ecb80fa3fbeaab0b782fe766a6 hash://sha256/a7abee0657b958cad26d5feef10a66abbab548f00dbc67f959e6db09906148e7 hash://sha256/7968640b073e3dd444a444425703e33d52208d3b97b2ece96725d1bdfc1eeb29 hash://sha256/a058a3b0a92f9868654c5c82405a0ef3ff963b27bd8775d5ea5eeb5a6a063793 hash://sha256/90cc4e253c0144d91b13f84cce22f40a52aca702b52345f67caeeab7d575bcc0 hash://sha256/2df1b64db495b36dbc659038f665a7f014d91a5ce0dd66d8d0e0ab9a209d27a3 hash://sha256/03baff52718fe2ffa28406072c463dc37b1ade7b30d87bcc93eae302264c7005 hash://sha256/90680a7556ff25dbc9e9d2cdf01a76ab5492220b89b1e3cae5eb5d45e0b6cc0c hash://sha256/2745bdcf3d66c74c760dae3632af6e7da54f01d228a65d6662b5938359e880a3 hash://sha256/6442bfa9cceb37f5f27f2ed343e78907a1e4a91184089e1ed9d41305c2c57128 hash://sha256/78a1189e08f83909dc89d5266c65f414d6821de4b9cb3ba1fec74c1319ecc14f hash://sha256/1c0c967638bae60b83dc9d2a034aff52d3822e225f528fdceb1e4d8db08ef1b0 hash://sha256/feaad0e38e1658a264932d80ef477b6d3cda3d86a72cf642fc62c975c6be7c67 hash://sha256/717ea865a4cc9c699e989fea9c2492b48832197d6d0b04135e9485e2d42301b3 hash://sha256/d78e57ce714f089ec0829c4f2daf53dbbb1778a13393476f54fb53dfcfa56a88 hash://sha256/d64469cfcda83744227c5128d0f559bb583e5234e0c0a109f8ff88b25e686a28 hash://sha256/8a9f8833ac075b0985e89c039b202c4eda6444010760f012ba9d5e555c7abb27 hash://sha256/e4d02ddc45073421467a5f5fac257cbe21f5b7df0b8a25702623a1aac4ac46e9 hash://sha256/773b04e38814fb9533f4831f386652f1b4ee7ca6ea77f421358291a17d241531 hash://sha256/6edc9556eff41513c26094c49ab00ca083b1cfd63bd73961dcb446a808a01f91 hash://sha256/d23e32e10593862e52b7adbb43748aaf875984d3f9af4510fd5c277179eba541 hash://sha256/9214c66bde29f692a193126f10233e0fb5091a49568fcb72baf60f159bb6899d hash://sha256/ca74148a800c44fa3c944b5f9658f32dcfa8ae4907601da22b6abd0c7e1868ae hash://sha256/e055c380e0943d88291fbda002fc5a85a5b33cfe43360b23ed406ce6830311d0 hash://sha256/c61b141e96f74f3196e13ff1d9fae71f3dbb5f4ec62b2a5bbc8599012c39c3d4 hash://sha256/e4b947d4410107a5b6c19b012e248ceef0680117509c86ba566e86192f93bb56 hash://sha256/b92de65a455b9baa654f9bdf64fb2efc10c94c8b0d9e81fbded4808450753ded hash://sha256/0de7f2d8b10d0f5c9c25f495a1ba8dd9c665bbd35d4b280bb0ca51c67a8ed219 hash://sha256/85b08e2698a79e8d4fbf5d04b97c25e444c11375e6c3b2f18fdcc095b7ee7248 hash://sha256/bc86271c484f6a8309b722cf474b816a44c73c7ae53bca7b6102230ad4a99243 hash://sha256/6282e6df0dae955dc4d598586e0b3c4bf90a715e5f8ae045b417676ed98eccc7 hash://sha256/f950eab4ec5fdbfb7e8035f82d9b41624d8664e6edac3b8f1232ce5afdd35cbe hash://sha256/d83978e85814eb2ae4f87b6dfbed09503606c48590b9908d0f2d91626c87f95c hash://sha256/bb770f7f50218e6119cfd1e3d3297463ec04ba75b85325b38f17be3cbb50a9db hash://sha256/ad9d13006af8e4736f03db990acf488a1b1d15f0df70fb079f3f870b9fde8b3e hash://sha256/3332a3aa8bd5fdb665db124dff0089e6e18aea46c15eadac385e37f380a40136 hash://sha256/0ad73b8d61ae692612bf835586afa2b3b498babf76354be724121b31240ae298 hash://sha256/963c9939de9f8df46c3dd2ef1246fbdac726a0272bdf55b394e89f4b34aa595f hash://sha256/56254ea57c2c0d4b1b30dfe602b020f0fc102fbb57dd6ad0a0759c3768f1e65a hash://sha256/96d98147e7060e3d1514db72c03e779b1b53743f0ab5207bdba4aa1568cd5469 hash://sha256/d61b380109bb4c7b7093e300717752411ab853cd8ff720b898bef2855fb51b1e hash://sha256/e1a7a5e1820a5c2c4f459f354082fa65c1a27368c0a543ae33d69b57d1e8416f hash://sha256/08fa7334972c198ae81c5394a1b3cced3146185be369120827b241cbe14a6610 hash://sha256/4209b1076af4b30d1cffe664539d5e44100c45bc716c427f0b9c1bbca6716528 hash://sha256/1f8f0201899b6bc8399b21727bbde144cea9d76a23637a5e53e6db2daef6a24f hash://sha256/4ee28638d2eaff90fd51ec7df72ec4ac782e5755e54f9e5d9be9f3842af8b80e hash://sha256/0ef08c2884fc892e603ddeecf044c2df10112189298ae3b00899800fd64a3bd0 hash://sha256/5595fabd7f7d9af3949f55856d2dd795a8f87df1e34e9a6d10fe3e92311416d9 hash://sha256/91ca9d05325ce0cf257e7a0fc192f2e18fdedf258ad1e538362f400d7330909c hash://sha256/17e3c538413c339d01588acf15370534f9af37536401598b49935f43c0b0db2b hash://sha256/9fc676ef58b698f637f1ff4d70a5af77c5c6e660eaf31476dcbc77710de2ae60 hash://sha256/604afe56ec164f268f408f13c3a25f50b6d88c200d4f25f041013257099f41a2 hash://sha256/3dd26325c04fdbf05995b43fcfb4830bf50aa143b92dd70784622d6d86a357e4 hash://sha256/5dc36c94ba67ef9628cc69579a545e01abc8df8eb4295224830259be7577291d hash://sha256/f30eaa55e89a1309a9af92c978639e8a4671aa4113903a08c5e788f79eeb070f hash://sha256/2a8122ca7207d26f45f398cdfcd7f51643892a8bf20ba84f6a5291f7bd9d9176 hash://sha256/ae5a3aa461b73d39a90f52d88a1f3d0cb09e4dbda14041f72af13d2211f072f2 hash://sha256/e1ea6449919e185509771f09ded3acc111d55ef4d4315f3c3a796fcf1c5d38cb hash://sha256/df700e1b4d50ae147aa9adcc5ae58c17a453b5342112eac6e624320c28a10d46 hash://sha256/1d99ba5ead3f1d95e3803aafab83fe50cea36a3716a670b11e51134347a0b3fd hash://sha256/71b0019fc2b8d1a7f0edf7ffa5365881fd86e5c395241e533467ea26c5ae316f hash://sha256/48c63185664d1e9ad143203ed72752dca934d90202e04a28a22900d274c1564e hash://sha256/b7813b3f6a7af64a326914a9add23e6badf0e2832d7d84740b74901b1ab1d895 hash://sha256/fcc0484531a7706f6e102df51aae840efb419d5679b7eeee824717b6f7acd8ee hash://sha256/8af416618109c518d802eea4ae283050cda838c70557a7430605c09c6f13f48d hash://sha256/22e80cb95a568181d72b269ebafc6ac3d0d421087ff08ccc510fcbaf0c73eb68 hash://sha256/2f056c0cdcc5f3967842c33754e787e9356891b9395b59f34c7e8c7deaf039f8 hash://sha256/71be2e0952833790f9ab11f428b8733485ecd1aeefbe1a0183384a67622c2030 hash://sha256/9b30438bb730fbd77f8be1e9e3881bb6bfc484b6d6ccd62e5d6ead7d6f446547 hash://sha256/097c823a9f0c7fcc767f56dba00f6601df1a79f609134a12151b9f3900fcd23e hash://sha256/f16fc539112c00f9f48f5c0a8ad42c2f437d78ffe98c6ca36f165989a49bbdf3 hash://sha256/9d37c09cfef7de7c2d32247915d2e180799673f5c0d35438868a3e1728ade12b hash://sha256/55815ebdd5914a37a003190a5f64f4d416d7a508d15c09916a4d8a107c0d600c hash://sha256/c2e7e63982d0aeb60bd57b59972a4a3363970f95384e5c3e1b6922c6e37573b9 hash://sha256/bbfd5faf57f9ddebb7975dbe9aa11b43af58f220bc9d7bf4d6cbf1463bb070ba hash://sha256/80c5f5306b4b2ea7b39b16dee7f1f2ef274f424c2bcd0b7b856b089e36a97893 hash://sha256/6e19d15ac00a443453f1ef00d42dec1f43a8f3953c0bcfd1548f233928678148 hash://sha256/5d0d4eb0d4d9e927f63677e372ac027ed63f72b772e9544c3ce5c5728a6e70f6 hash://sha256/be63a190af6f1e498b4f5bde606e8b829260a72539add611589ffc4de83a16e5 hash://sha256/bc82aaf0bb8a94f684fe4f1ef1ad20b1dc23dd599f7b6ab65aee6a33cd149653 hash://sha256/fb2ab90249967921b0202ad0089fd02492105fee59a1b43bb39b9e95c00c47ee hash://sha256/c75d02132a847d400bf488b63d76370bed69442e06c2096e0c25521dd4718283 hash://sha256/4bc25465bacb7cc729a23789c37cc3af9a9bb04de128ef68d5992d074ab611a5 hash://sha256/3ec5b55e2fe592f8e14bcb9bfc7062588c9be5b1e2ead365c16f7180146a40cf hash://sha256/91988789ff8292124e6841c63a825c452fe5a62bc4b2c1d25cfe1df210894e51 hash://sha256/a96fc75809e27294fd05c6010e6e71f0225ea57f4661e26695d20024f2fad15d hash://sha256/268c7933489f3b1d6e77c914811d33de61ecaa6644d099c8e2cb38fc59b598d6 hash://sha256/74e0db59e0cd73521bf2ccecb7380bc52c5dc3de038175a78855c5c51945b63c hash://sha256/1d0424a9f5f5af269b4023537ee89288b3429b3f4d6e24bd3f65bffecc85d0c0 hash://sha256/2f7fbe577c555080c71309588291bef22cba1a613665ae071861efaa674d0356 hash://sha256/adc9c1f9737de7db9fc3163519d96accde910fda5219a87776a3af75ad2b1e75 hash://sha256/ba83afca2b3ae062a89dd5c1282867135c738c2b89f3e30de33dede9c81932a2 hash://sha256/6f31a3421ecbccde660d6be7561d41f5e4618c8f13186d9015376e669d93735f hash://sha256/3337b86c278dd33021add2607634ef76fbdab5a3e5b6a8d42d15b150fa464b70 hash://sha256/d910925f3f3300fe4c27dd3a6259ea355b1ec501660591c5694c5432b14012bf hash://sha256/366f2466f30bc72ec9661a0dea2255fb56c4e7d6ba4230d75a8438b9fa4f88ab hash://sha256/e335e71471862dd93b31c9f14de48e1c099f635858c89dcf6b8e9966c2a9ae3d hash://sha256/0d02c3001d5a77408386a5a0990229acb4a35478f2e70c09916025d4fb2be734 hash://sha256/a2bcda08e7c6743aa6b842e66486e9b26f0dda55016760884702a0a465c77833 hash://sha256/df0f1e09689fec114d8b63f8424f99d6293712f82dd66767995677802c623c4d hash://sha256/78a438ab12174f55fb1eedae902e845d75756826879369e007e5a5bd6ffbd05b hash://sha256/59c94ff6071ef901c14329270aa3f9dde375bbfcbe0486d234b71fe1a182dafd hash://sha256/4c927f6c06db5b2c5261c94781fca265efcf73cb444f2751f95d1a3ced4a703c hash://sha256/2ed775924cbb6f3ee0bcd2cbb52d0fc4bbad23fd8b5f50b9383962fa476a5509 hash://sha256/a388e94b4f9ac59ef709a9aabf4a68ed905b6cec55262dea5967f15dd426d688 hash://sha256/d877f30ef28a66d8dd254919b8594af9bd6f3cf82fac1319b1a08bfde3979de9 hash://sha256/5d906f757519fff995bbebba2ac3de6b5299885e3f912d989088e2a3a7ab9ed8 hash://sha256/1a54d18755707b2268f1e00691e0f4c0a13009b0e48c1fddde348df45de87643 hash://sha256/2736913241ec19db0a0648535e85a6244ed5cdc8d8f9ac8ade1cbc7ae5b80973 hash://sha256/d6636e9aaf07634d8b5266ad3de24abc0b54b3f53867330157df7b56fc9db994 hash://sha256/9ad202edb5db738bc32f477521eebd4eff9925d68b3067b285a2d5deafde2cd1 hash://sha256/8f0e432447c42f7315e5ad67ef9ad8e99c4353f1051bdd00001d9b7e50dda3b5 hash://sha256/d55b58c18ce3872545d1feeb85addc8f7710922381839b1e14abec5583c96d01 hash://sha256/dd4208854b8d39cec55fc0a4a1d82d6f85622cd469ff62b543c3f6751741ba97 hash://sha256/320b2d300011c46060fa74b106d17e0ec9e3ff104e6c295e59886498c343f161 hash://sha256/32679f0c9153846621e5d8d18f1e6acad095027096fae88a06cca0c36bec8ffa hash://sha256/39c327c9b8b92547ba4f9da36b76472a56fb458e117e223450c3856478dbbc8a hash://sha256/7918d70053e17a11e5bf050727b960321818243fbbd33123d5bfab1478f23fce hash://sha256/78cd9dacb802a12ac25be11a10c8aebe91e050fb2135023a661cce0fa57eb46a hash://sha256/530a59c9a1f97b97933786e9ed72b40f3e17feaf3bb51dc7e422e296d54d01cc hash://sha256/9dcd072c12dcd8eeb37bf9e13128bad3e3fc28f6283116dc64359745c4e6cd71 hash://sha256/530288dda826268a26dfb0a8cb3b22a2b2f4be6837a49e0faf40d09f7629c217 hash://sha256/27161ee57b9c4db5881570fd9059ce6bd514c5795ae3c142f696b8aad34b3f6a hash://sha256/8c511d6c2b9f53a2f2c66fbd32edbab8c510a6c9de322ca9d0f3a55b0ca1b525 hash://sha256/fcce1656b6f45887a14ec0aa2c6ace4f67c6f077652bd4b295cd3f3d9ad8f7e3 hash://sha256/13912820cd28ddcd7faa2c64ccc4c11c3ba412643caee7916e403f4f5e35e1e5 hash://sha256/051dc691c70bd0614b2ee20646d62d2963f0eba993ae9a8c8345d01996026d12 hash://sha256/9f7327b944e1208f8bac4d5566a0adea5f5d2d83207a89eabd0baa51fc2bfbfc hash://sha256/caec290836449653287283a41a276089d627c0befb51d1cc8bcdbd56b757a995 hash://sha256/a1540bfa35896d4334425c749d61cce84b77fc170edb5cf824af30023924e03b hash://sha256/7d712bbf71d1c5853852c09cba22e28a1e758604d92e1e29b2f073dcb1b92ee2 hash://sha256/8e45a9cff87a07646e5b5ae5e37f3035ba7e9b2b534928f3601041686eb90fd4 hash://sha256/a59cdd740df2529f5a27f5ccaf9909d1fe7fbd300ab8d087453dbbcc38c88ce8 hash://sha256/f0e55097010a04aa400ade2dfbca47a3a48ec6cbc6baba4820cd768024a60351 hash://sha256/acd76190e9530092574156dc10ce7cdca500d238e978ddf0a201b82530ea1499 hash://sha256/b3671de3d5b4675b18ff254af203c1fcfa4868bbe113e5d150df292cbf420f11 hash://sha256/c3ff04d888f1f7fb618d60e1d525f224a344e372bcc8670c6da99ed486841a50 hash://sha256/a5498caef0c79589a0ac6cd3c7ef2fdb9c37d7e2b57bba244ae9b2db126b21e6 hash://sha256/f97299fda52e9d7b859f303510c1663da28bdf8f90f956efb1b03a0f0a03368c hash://sha256/33ec8a5e98123aa0df18a1f03f3ef069ae148caff1b3a3afa7df268c1b2d4f01 hash://sha256/e9276ace08c56e89123fbbc365c8762f840a995f624fa78e36367800c45b440f hash://sha256/4422eb756ef7156e3bc9cea3aceb26300be741bf0d52a23579c4b63d02fdea84 hash://sha256/1a3e263c99a339392933e888312744f90eb39351093bcfa550722944ad8342ac hash://sha256/ed6c292384f2ad24ff71f5dbc5bbe852afe34695bd6e553758f9abf5e2da0bb5 hash://sha256/494f86013fb24d69cea27c66cb87cfe6d410c2af1483df9058c9f4d3dc623987 hash://sha256/2cf5b7852d741ac5c86dd1c5466eab154411a1c9e8d0861ef802ece59ae8deee hash://sha256/54879bb7bddfaa130081c9606954a57222168d3606c449d65d225d1b705b54b6 hash://sha256/0ac7bfa16f986500640050d23e828228c49adb3c28afc700a61f48a28b9eea70 hash://sha256/d2e4dc4449e0b9a0041b07139216a27b7c4b6a9072d34d498d2fe463e11f51e6 hash://sha256/6f5628403ae1ba3da63bb2afef102d670b69cc975c3f0196404bd3a4e5da0077 hash://sha256/ecdc51fdc22e8328be87a48331d35fbee4eee8b652383c1ea3fe759c5c4e12fb hash://sha256/2bfabb241ce75ed40b85dd8564cc4c43fe24b84bfc240345c76eeda64067c164 hash://sha256/9b10b135ac81b05aacbe74dd8da7409e3344df415db8822055d5cc2d53587c43 hash://sha256/fc38b213e588f1c134762550a2dc6554cbb5970d46bce09eb99cacee86d1f46d hash://sha256/43c2da37ab3b1ccd29fd857a6f4af632cc4bac52ab551fe04a1edb6176ac58a4 hash://sha256/9a1a7f9622b8c956b9a8ee7a1a37f0112eb17b3fd184b99e0714a750b6dac757 hash://sha256/4898be1b06ccd4229628692edb4c3dac635d8963d874538e0f49ebc6612ee026 hash://sha256/733860568c1ddd16079684eae320a5c2b184f5ec453a1b492840ac75f6f1d90f hash://sha256/9db01b15a9a2895702d6ce25316465772b57c469cab6b35317ef4b76426e01af hash://sha256/3ab029370ef0ac6eb21e5b9f94b3da46640da44d6bcbd2ca06364a77ff707f80 hash://sha256/760415cd52b30e9dc6969ab1f2c7ca4974c611579646c28620871d04d8ed466a hash://sha256/632b3c9dc3a4f02526b98f800203c1929799f765b7e6b4e7e00f9caa58b3ee63 hash://sha256/5b8ed7bfb8eb5944901893c7358878a919b59554587000e8c051c4436659ff7d hash://sha256/f8b493abe3ac9faff6be9812884425d5b28f05acff3cb1d8f7aed5b8f6847334 hash://sha256/4c228e246e18cb0c217631cbcfb70909dd95cdfe105bbac581669a9324de103e hash://sha256/735f9f213e24c5e0883206ee2ba5fc2b6233f65052a8ea6146fcdd5dd561ddf6 hash://sha256/a933391fca958d34f273eac4be5a1d0c3072e8b7bfc76396dfddc33f8b3e583a

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data for: Effects of biotic interactions on plant fecundity depend on spatial and functional structure of communities and time since disturbance

Biotic interactions in plant communities affect individual fitness and community dynamics. Interactions between plants vary in space, over time and with organisational complexity. Yet it is challenging to quantify temporal, spatial and functional determinants of different types of interactions between long-lived perennial plant species and their effect on lifetime fecundity. We studied how plant-plant, pollinator- and seed predator-mediated interactions affect year-to-year variation in three fecundity components (cone production, seed set and seed survival) during post-fire recovery. Age-stratified data on the three fecundity components were collected in 19 even-aged communities comprising 20 serotinous Protea shrub species in the South African Fynbos. We analyse data on these fecundity components with neighbourhood models to infer the sign and strength of interactions throughout post-disturbance recovery, the neighbour plant traits that shape them and the spatial scale at which interactions take place. For each fecundity component, these models describe how neighbourhood effects change over time and with spatial distance between plants. For each focal plant, we then predicted neighbourhood effects on individual fecundity components and cumulative reproductive output at different post-fire stand ages. Competitive effects on cone production and seed set increased with post-fire stand age as biomass and floral resources for pollinators build up. In contrast, neighbourhood effects on seed survival were weak throughout post-disturbance recovery. Plant-plant interactions were shaped by neighbour traits related to resource acquisition, whereas animal-mediated interactions depended on neighbour traits related to resource availability for pollinators and seed predators. The spatial scale of the interactions increased from plant-plant over predator-mediated to pollinator-mediated interactions. The joint effect of these interactions on cumulative reproductive output caused the proportion of focal plants experiencing competition to increase with time since fire. We show that temporal changes in biotic interactions throughout post-disturbance recovery of perennial plant communities depend on functional traits and can be integrated to neighbourhood effects on lifetime fecundity. Studying the temporal, spatial and functional determinants of neighbourhood effects on lifetime fecundity is important for predicting not only individual plant fitness, but also population and community dynamics in changing environments.

Supplementary material 1 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Detailed design of the Field Experiment

Supplementary material 2 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Brief description of the Field Experiment

Figure 1 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Figure 1 A. Conceptual diagram of the mechanistic approach of the planned Research Unit. B. Conceptual scheme of the proposed evolutionary niche shifts in plant monocultures and mixtures. This idea feeds into our understanding of how evolutionary history influences the ecological interactions of species that compete for growth factors, ultimately defining biotope space (gray rectangle; Hutchinson 1978). Graphically depicted, species (ellipses) in mixture will show increasing niche differentiation over time due to competition (niche overlap). Thus, history of selection in diverse communities is expected to result in greater interspecific differences (less overlap of ellipses) and more specialization (smaller ellipses) than a history of isolation (monocultures). In monocultures, species will experience strong selection pressure by accumulating soil-borne pathogens, and species may invest energy in chemical and morphological defense traits (depicted by ellipses shifting towards the same corner of the habitat space). Plants in mixtures together may exploit more available biotope space than single monocultures, causing increasing diversity effects on ecosystem functions over time. However, there is limited support for this assumption for traits related to light (e.g., Lipowsky et al. 2015, Roscher et al. 2015) and resource use (Jesch et al. 2018) so far.

Figure 4 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Figure 4 Experimental design and hypotheses of the Ecotron Experiment. Briefly, four treatments will be established based on monoliths from a selection of the 9-year old Trait-Based Experiment (TBE; Ebeling et al. 2014) and from bare ground plots of the Jena Experiment as well as two seed sources: the respective plots and the original seed material that was used for the set-up of the TBE. (1) With plot-specific plant history and with plot-specific soil history; (2) without plot-specific plant history and with plot-specific soil history; (3) with plot-specific plant history and without plot-specific soil history; and (4) without plot-specific plant history and without plot-specific soil history. We expect the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships to differ among the four treatments (see main text for details).

Figure 3 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Figure 3 Hypothesized slope of BEF relationships in the different treatments of the Field Experiment (see main text for details). Note that the 'with plant history, with soil history' only serves as a control in the Field Experiment, and effects of plant history can only be tested in the planned Ecotron Experiment. Redrawn after Vogel et al. (2019). '+', with; '-', without.

Supplementary material 4 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Detailed design of the Ecotron Experiment

Supplementary material 5 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Brief description of the Ecotron Experiment

Figure 2 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042

Figure 2 Structure of the proposed Research Unit. Three complementary experimental approaches are envisaged to study long-term biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships, and how these are influenced by plant history and soil history. BEF patterns are studied in the Field Experiment with long-term plant diversity plots and manipulations of soil-history effects. BEF mechanisms are studied in the Ecotron Experiment and in Microcosm Experiments. In the Ecotron Experiment, plant history and soil history are independently crossed and detailed process measurements are possible. The Microcosm Experiments zoom in on focal interactions. In the Field Experiment and in the Ecotron Experiment, studies are conducted at the community level as well as at the plant individual level (magnifier; see detailed design of studies in the Appendices). Subprojects' (SPs') participation in experiments are illustrated with lines. The SPs of the proposed Research Unit fall into two tightly linked main categories (in gray) with two research areas each that aim at exploring variation in community assembly processes, micro-evolutionary changes, and resulting differences in biotic interactions as determinants of the long-term BEF relationship. Subprojects under "Microbial community assembly" (blue) and "Assembly and functions of animal communities" (red) mostly focus on plant diversity effects on the assembly of communities and their feedback effects on biotic interactions and ecosystem functions, while subprojects under "Mediators of plant-biotic interactions" (orange) and "Intraspecific diversity and micro-evolutionary changes" (green) mostly focus on plant diversity effects on plant trait expression and micro-evolution. PIs with requested personnel are underlined.