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228 results for “burials”
Data from: Sediment burial intolerance of marine macroinvertebrates
The marine environment contains suspended particulate matter which originates from natural and anthropogenic sources. Settlement of this material can leave benthic organisms susceptible to smothering, especially if burial is sudden i.e. following storms or activities such as dredging. Their survival will depend on their tolerance to, and their ability to escape from burial. Here we present data from a multi-factorial experiment measuring burial responses incorporating duration, sediment fraction and depth. Six macroinvertebrates commonly found in sediment rich environments were selected for their commercial and/or conservation importance. Assessments revealed that the brittle star (Ophiura ophiura), the queen scallop (Aequipecten opercularis) and the sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis) were all highly intolerant to burial whilst the green urchin (Psammichinus miliaris) and the anemone (Sagartiogeton lacerates), showed intermediate and low intolerance respectively, to burial. The least intolerant, with very high survival was the Ross worm (Sabellaria spinulosa). With the exception of C. intestinalis, increasing duration and depth of burial with finer sediment fractions resulted in increased mortality for all species assessed. For C. intestinalis depth of burial and sediment fraction were found to be inconsequential since there was complete mortality of all specimens buried for more than one day. When burial emergence was assessed O. ophiura emerged most frequently, followed by P. miliaris. The former emerged most frequently from the medium and fine sediments whereas P. miliaris emerged more frequently from coarse sediment. Both A. opercularis and S. laceratus showed similar emergence responses over time, with A. opercularis emerging more frequently under coarse sediments. The frequency of emergence of S. lacerates increased with progressively finer sediment and C. intestinalis did not emerge from burial irrespective of sediment fraction or depth. Finally, and perhaps unsurprisingly, the greatest ability to emerge from burial in all other species was from shallow (2 cm) burial. Although survival was consistently highly dependent on duration and depth of burial as expected, emergence behaviour was not as easily predictable thereby confounding predictions. We conclude that responses to burial are highly species specific and therefore tolerance generalisations are likely to be oversimplifications. These data may be used to inform environmental impact models that allow forecasting of the cumulative impacts of seabed disturbance and may provide mitigation measures for the sustainable use of the seabed.
Data from: The value of trophic interactions for ecosystem function: dung beetle communities influence seed burial and seedling recruitment in tropical forests
Anthropogenic activities are causing species extinctions, raising concerns about the consequences of changing biological communities for ecosystem functioning. To address this, we investigated how dung beetle communities influence seed burial and seedling recruitment in the Brazilian Amazon. First, we conducted a burial and retrieval experiment using seed mimics. We found that dung beetle biomass had a stronger positive effect on the burial of large than small beads, suggesting that anthropogenic reductions in large-bodied beetles will have the greatest effect on the secondary dispersal of large-seeded plant species. Second, we established mesocosm experiments in which dung beetle communities buried Myrciaria dubia seeds to examine plant emergence and survival. Contrary to expectations, we found that beetle diversity and biomass negatively influenced seedling emergence, but positively affected the survival of seedlings that emerged. Finally, we conducted germination trials to establish the optimum burial depth of experimental seeds, revealing a negative relationship between burial depth and seedling emergence success. Our results provide novel evidence that seed burial by dung beetles may be detrimental for the emergence of some seed species. However, we also detected positive impacts of beetle activity on seedling recruitment, which are probably because of their influence on soil properties. Overall, this study provides new evidence that anthropogenic impacts on dung beetle communities could influence the structure of tropical forests; in particular, their capacity to regenerate and continue to provide valuable functions and services.
Data from: Buried alive: the behavioural response of the mussels, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis to sudden burial by sediment
Sedimentation in the sea occurs through natural processes, such as wave and tidal action, which can be exacerbated during storms and floods. Changes in terrestrial land use, marine aggregate extraction, dredging, drilling and mining are known to result in substantial sediment deposition. Research suggests that deposition will also occur due to the modern development of marine renewable energy. The response to individual burial under three depths of sediment, three sediment fractions and five burial durations was investigated in two mussel species, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis in specialist mesocosms. Both mussel species showed substantial mortality, which increased with duration of burial and burial by finer sediment fractions. M. modiolus was better able to survive short periods of burial than M. edulis, but at longer durations mortality was more pronounced. No mortality was observed in M. modiolus in burial durations of eight days or less but by 16 days of burial, over 50% cumulative mortality occurred. Under variable temperature regimes, M. edulis mortality increased from 20% at 8°C to over 60% at 14.5 and 20°C. Only M. edulis was able to emerge from burial, facilitated by increased byssus production, laid mostly on vertical surfaces but also on sediment particles. Emergence was higher from coarse sediment and shallow burials. Byssus production in M. edulis was not related to the condition index of the mussels. Results suggest that even marginal burial would result in mortality and be more pronounced in warm summer periods. Our results suggest that in the event of burial, adult M. modiolus would not be able to emerge from burial unless local hydrodynamics assist, whereas a small proportion of M. edulis may regain contact with the sediment water interface. The physiological stress resulting in mortality, contribution of local hydrodynamics to survival and other ecological pressures such as mussels existing in aggregations, are discussed.
Headstone from Dryburgh Abbey burial ground
A gravestone from the burial ground of Dryburgh Abbey (Scottish Borders). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Lligwy Burial Chamber
Lligwy Burial Chamber [https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/95532](https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/95532) *AHRC (UK) AH/L007916/1* Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Zalezlice_Bronze age burial_feature 69
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Burial Crypt of Timur (Tamerlane), Samarkand
The actual crypt and buial of Timur, known in the west as Tamerlane. a mausoleum of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (also known as Tamerlane) in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Gur-e Amir is Persian for "Tomb of the King". This architectural complex with its azure dome contains the tombs of Tamerlane, his sons Shah Rukh and Miran Shah and grandsons Ulugh Beg and Muhammad Sultan. The earliest part of the complex was built at the end of the 14th century by the orders of Muhammad Sultan. Now only the foundations of the madrasah and khanaka, the entrance portal and a part of one of four minarets remains. Samarqand, is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China and Europe, at times Samarkand was one of the largest cities of Central Asia. The city was conquered by Alexander the Great in 329 BCE. Processed in Reality Capture from Photos and Faro laser scans. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Shepherd's burial NB1K1B12
Krasnodar Territory, Timashevsky District. Necropolis Brick-1. Mound No. 1. Burial №12. Chronology: Bronze Age. Краснодарский край, Тимашевский район. Некрополь Кирпичный-1. Курган №1. Захоронение №12. Хронология: эпоха бронзы. Region Krasnodar, Bezirk Timashevsky. Necropolis Brick-1. Hügel Nr. 1. Begräbnis №12. Chronologie: Bronzezeit. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Broken burial, Nethans St Cyrus, Aberdeenshire
The old burial ground and church site lie at the foot of tall cliffs overlooking a nature reserve. There is a long history of worship at this site, which may date back to the 9th century and the Picts. The common name of the site, Ecclesgreig, is said to mean 'Church of Grig' who was a 9th century ruler of the Picts and is widely credited with establishing a church here. He is also known as Ciric, which is where St Cyrus is derived. Canmore 36352 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Presaddfed Burial Chamber
Presaddfed Burial Chamber [https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/93832](https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/93832) *AHRC (UK) AH/L007916/1* Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Early Medieval burial ground
Rescue archaeological excavations near Prague, Czech rep. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Glyn Burial Chamber
Glyn Burial Chamber [https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/300835](https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/300835) *AHRC (UK) AH/L007916/1* Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Burial Chest
Marble chest with lid, used for the burial of two infant boys. At each angle of the front there is a flaming candelabrum, resting on dolphins and having a winged Sphinx in the middle of the stem. A pomegranate (?) flower hangs on each side of a tablet with moulded frame, inscribed. On the right side is a wreath of fruit tied with sashes. Two birds are pecking at a lizard, and two are pecking at the wreath. On the left side is a similar wreath. Height: 45.5 centimetres Width: 30.7 centimetres Depth: 31.7 centimetres COL: [GAA1856](http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?partId=1&objectId=400348) Made by [Daniel Pett](https://sketchfab.com/danielpett) from 76 photographs from Oneplus3 mobile using Photoscan. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Maen Ceti; Arthur's Stone Burial Chamber
Maen Ceti; Arthur's Stone Burial Chamber [https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/95736](https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/95736) *AHRC (UK) AH/L007916/1* Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Burial bed of the leader of the nomads AIK3B3.
Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Abzelilovsky district. Avlasovsky necropolis. Excavations 2011. Kurgan №3. Burial №3. Burial bed for a deceased nomad leader. Early Iron Age. Chronology: V-VI centuries BC. Early Sarmatian culture. Россия, Республика Башкортостан, Абзелиловский район. Некрополь Авласовский. Курган №3. Захоронение №3. Погребальное ложе. Ранний железный век. Хронология: V-VI века до н.э. Ранняя сарматская культура. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Zalezlice_Bronze age burial_feature 31
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Burial of a nomad NB1K1B3
Krasnodar Territory, Timashevsky District. Necropolis Brick-1. Mound No. 1. Burial No. 3. Chronology: Middle Ages. Краснодарский край, Тимашевский район. Некрополь Кирпичный-1. Курган №1. Захоронение №3. Хронология: средневековье. Region Krasnodar, Bezirk Timashevsky. Necropolis Brick-1. Hügel Nr. 1. Bestattung Nr. 3. Chronologie: Mittelalter. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Burial Chamber Near Maen Y-bardd
Burial Chamber Near Maen Y-bardd [https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/300926](https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/300926) *AHRC (UK) AH/L007916/1* Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
African Burial Mask
African Burial Mask Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Sinking efficiency of cyanobacteria-derived particulate organic carbon from one eutrophic lake and global perspectives on carbon burial flux in subtropical shallow lakes
<p>It is the data that support the findings entitled "Sinking efficiency of cyanobacteria-derived particulate organic carbon from one eutrophic lake and global perspectives on carbon burial flux in subtropical shallow lakes” </p>
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