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Data and code: Evaluation of the General Practice Pharmacist (GPP) intervention to optimise prescribing in Irish primary care: a non‐randomised pilot study
<p>This is a dataset and Stata analytical code relating to prescribing issues identified in the GPP pilot feasibility study. The paper reporting this study has been published as follows: </p> <p>Cardwell K, Smith SM, Clyne B on behalf of the General Practice Pharmacist (GPP) Study Group, et al. Evaluation of the General Practice Pharmacist (GPP) intervention to optimise prescribing in Irish primary care: a non-randomised pilot study. BMJ Open 2020;10:e035087. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035087</p> <p>The abstract of the study is included below:</p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> Limited evidence suggests integration of pharmacists into the general practice team could improve medicines management for patients, particularly those with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of an intervention involving pharmacists, working within general practices, to optimise prescribing in Ireland.</p> <p><strong>Design:</strong> Non-randomised pilot study</p> <p><strong>Setting:</strong> Primary care in Ireland</p> <p><strong>Participants:</strong> Four general practices, purposively sampled and recruited to reflect a range of practice sizes and demographic profiles.</p> <p><strong>Intervention:</strong> A pharmacist joined the practice team for six months (10 hours/week) and undertook medication reviews (face-to-face or chart-based) for adult patients, provided prescribing advice, supported clinical audits, and facilitated practice-based education.</p> <p><strong>Outcome measures:</strong> Anonymised practice-level medication (e.g. medication changes) and cost data were collected. Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) data were collected on a subset of older adults (aged ≥65 years) with polypharmacy using patient questionnaires, before and six weeks after medication review by the pharmacist.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Across four practices, 787 patients were identified as having 1,521 prescribing issues by the pharmacists. Issues relating to potentially inappropriate or high-risk prescribing were addressed most often by the prescriber (51.8%), compared to cost-related issues (7.5%). Medication changes made during the study equated to approximately €57,000 in cost savings assuming they persisted for 12 months. Ninety-six patients aged ≥65 years with polypharmacy were recruited from the four practices for PROM data collection and 64 (66.7%) were followed up. There were no changes in patients’ treatment burden or attitudes to deprescribing following medication review, and there were conflicting changes in patients' self-reported quality of life.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This non-randomised pilot study demonstrated that an intervention involving pharmacists, working within general practices is feasible to implement and has potential to improve prescribing quality. This study provides rationale to conduct a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.</p>
Fig. 1. Gargaphia decoris Drake, 1931 in Maternal care in Gargaphia decoris (Heteroptera, Tingidae), with comments on this behavior within the genus and family
Fig. 1. Gargaphia decoris Drake, 1931 female guarding an egg batch with first instar nymphs. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photo: Marsaro Júnior, A.L.
Figure 2 in Maternal care in Omaspides bistriata Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini)
Figure 2. Exponential survival curve (y = 32,694e-0,032x; R2 = 0,9849) of the developmental stages of O. bistriatta (X axis) and curves of survival of the stages of the development cycle from O. bistriatta (Y axis). 6 adults from 32 eggs, 8 of 34 and 4 of 29.
Figure 1 in Maternal care in Omaspides bistriata Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini)
Figure 1. Life cycle of Omaspides bistriatra Boheman on host plant (Ipomea purpurea) in Costa Rica. A) Female with eggs mass, B) Female on first instar, C) Female with group of second instar, D) Female on third instar, E) Pupae, F) Group of pupae. G- H) Female manipulating pupae, I) Female with their group of newly adult offspring.
Fig. 4. Leech parental care. A in Leeches in the extreme: Morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to inhospitable habitats
Fig. 4. Leech parental care. A) Light microscopy image of a glossiphoniid leech with pink circular eggs gathered on its ventral side for protection. B) Light microscopy image of a glossiphoniid leech with leech hatchlings gathered on the ventral side of the parent leech. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Figure4 in Analysis of Behavioural Patterns of the Amazonian Manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, under Human Care (Mammalia:Sirenia)
Figure4. Space use data of the manatee individuals linked to the referring numbers on the map; 1 - 10 deepwater zone (Z); 11/12 semi-deep-water zone (Y); 13/14 shallow-water zone (X)
Figure3 in Analysis of Behavioural Patterns of the Amazonian Manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, under Human Care (Mammalia:Sirenia)
Figure3. Map of the manatee tank divided into grid squares, each filled with similar volume of water; 1 - 10 deep-water zone (Z); 11/12 semi-deep-water zone (Y); 13/14 shallow-water zone (X)
Figure 5 in Post-fledging parental care in the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)
Figure 5. Food provisioning to fledglings of the Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas: (A) fledgling (front) swallowing a fruit delivered by the adult; (B) the fledgling (right) receives a piece of an arthropod.
Figure 2 in Post-fledging parental care in the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)
Figure 2. Food provisioning rate (events per fledgling per hour) in the Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas in relation to fledgling age expressed as days from fledging.
Figure 1 in Post-fledging parental care in the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)
Figure 1. Total number of food provisioning events to fledglings of the Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas by each parental sex. Grouped bars refer to fledglings from the same family group (1 to 8) and reflect clutch size, with exception of families 5 and 6 (two fledglings each, one of them non assessed during focal observations). Families 1 and 6 to 8 were assigned as biparental care; in family 7, biparental care was assigned because the male was observed feeding one non focal nestling.
Figure 4 in Post-fledging parental care in the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)
Figure 4. Age-related variation in the frequency of foraging and vocalization behaviors in fledglings of Turdus leucomelas. The curve in the panel A represents a significant logistic relationship between the variables, and its 95% confidence interval denoted by the shaded area. Bars in both panels represent the relative frequency of the behaviors followed by the number of scans (below bars) within 1-day age intervals (n = 787 in total), with fledgling age corresponding to the number of days after fledging.
Figure 3 in Post-fledging parental care in the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)
Figure 3. Food provisioning rate (events per fledgling per hour) in the Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas. A) effect of brood size and mode of parental care division (uniparental/biparental), and B) by females and males in family groups with biparental food provisioning. Points in B represent the values comprised in the boxplots, in which the box delimit interquartile ranges, the vertical lines indicate minimum and maximum and the horizontal line denotes medians.
Figure 6 in Post-fledging parental care in the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)
Figure 6. Relative frequency of food items delivered to Turdus leucomelas fledglings in relation to their age (days after fledging). Sample sizes are indicated above bars. "Other" refers to food items like dog food and pieces of bread.
Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it
<p><strong>Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the .csv files used for the statistical analyses of the study "Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it". In case of questions, please email Laís A. Grossel: <a href="mailto:laisgrossel@gmail.com">laisgrossel@gmail.com</a></p> <p><strong>Data files and structure</strong></p> <p>We have files for verifying the manipulation of males' body condition and a file to assess males' mating success.</p> <p>With the file <strong>morphometry.csv</strong> we determined the body density of all males included in our experiment, using the formula of the ellipsoid: Volume = 4/3 * π * BL/2 * BW/2 * BH/2. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>manipulation:</strong> the moment of taking the measures, with 2 levels: before manipulation and after manipulation</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_length:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_width:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_height:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_mass:</strong> to the nearest 0.001 g</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>diet_manipulation.csv</strong> we compared the body density of parental males before and after manipulation within each experimental group. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>density_before:</strong> body density before manipulation of diet</li> <li><strong>density_after:</strong> body density after manipulation of diet</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>density_difference.csv</strong> we compared the body density between males of the two experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_density:</strong> after manipulation, in g/mm3</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>clutches.csv</strong> we analysed the mating success of the males in the experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>glands:</strong> glands experimental group, with 2 levels: blocked and unblocked</li> <li><strong>exp_group:</strong> experimental group combining the manipulation of diet and glands, with 4 levels: GCBG (good condition and blocked glands), GCUG (good condition and unblocked glands), PCBG (poor condition and blocked glands) and PCUB (poor condition and unblocked glands)</li> <li><strong>clutch:</strong> if the male received eggs from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not receive eggs and 1 if the male received eggs</li> <li><strong>eggs_number:</strong> number of eggs received from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation</li> </ul>
Resilience of primary health care facilities - experiences from 16 European countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods study conducted by EURIPA.
<p><strong><span>Resilience of primary health care facilities – experiences from 16 European countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods study conducted by EURIPA.</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Abstract</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Background</span></strong></p> <p><span>The role of primary care during a pandemic varies across European countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the working practices of family medicine doctors. It has also impacted the resilience of health systems.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Objectives</span></strong><span> </span></p> <p><span>This study aimed to examine European health system responses to the pandemic, focusing on rural and urban differences.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Material and methods</span></strong></p> <p><span>This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study used a semi-structured online questionnaire with 68 questions, including 21 free-text comments. Data were collected from May 2020 to January 2021. Key informants from sixteen EURIPA member countries distributed questionnaires to 406 primary care doctors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U) with a significance threshold of 0.05. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong></p> <p><span>A statistically significant difference was found between rural (36.4%, 55/151), semirural (19.4%, 24/124), and urban populations (29.8%, 39/131) regarding medicine shortages (χ² = 9.91, df = 4, p = 0.042). <span> </span>The semirural one proved to have a statistically significant difference with the other settings(chi-square post-hoc test, p = 0.004 in post-hoc chi-square test). Significant differences were found between countries in resilience features including, Effectiveness of triage, Adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, Government help, Existence of a community resilience group, Improved interprofessional collaboration, Medicine Shortage and GPs involved in palliative care.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong></p> <p><span>Medicine shortage was more prevalent in rural and urban areas compared to semirural ones. Differences were observed between countries in their responses to the pandemic, particularly in Adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, Effectiveness of triage, Government help, Existence of a Community resilience group. Qualitative analysis confirmed these disparities.</span></p> <p><span>The results emphasize the need for tailored approaches considering diverse contexts in shaping effective health system resilience.</span></p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: ABC_Useful plants of Malawi; medicinal plants used in maternal and child health care.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "ABC_Useful plants of Malawi; medicinal plants used in maternal and child health care". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/789e1248-c737-4d6a-bcec-e4b92775becc">https://bionomia.net/dataset/789e1248-c737-4d6a-bcec-e4b92775becc</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/789e1248-c737-4d6a-bcec-e4b92775becc">https://gbif.org/dataset/789e1248-c737-4d6a-bcec-e4b92775becc</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Show me you care: female mate choice based on egg attendance rather than male or territorial traits
Female mate choice is often based on male traits, including signals or behaviors, and/or the quality of a male's territory. In species with obligate paternal care, where care directly affects offspring survival, females may also base their mate choices on the quality of a sire's care. Here, we quantified male reproductive success in a natural population of the glassfrog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, a species with male parental care, to determine the influence of territory quality, male traits, and paternal care behaviors on female mate choice. We found that attending males have a higher chance of gaining new clutches than non-attending males. Our results indicate that females do not select males based only on body condition, calling persistence, or territory traits. Instead, our findings support the hypothesis that females choose males based on care status. Indeed, males already attending a clutch were 70% more likely to obtain another clutch, and the time to acquire an additional clutch was significantly shorter. We also found that males adjust their parental care effort in response to genetic relatedness, by caring only for their own offspring; however, remaining close to unrelated clutches serves as a strategy to attract females and increase chances of successful mating. Thus, males that establish territories that already contain clutches benefit from the signal eggs provide to females.
Recognition of symptoms, mitigating mechanisms and self-care experiences of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia
<p>Compliance of patients with self-care practices is the mainstay of measures to manage diabetes. Thus, the study explored self-care practices of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia.</p>
Improving triaging from primary care into secondary care using heterogeneous data-driven hybrid machine learning: A real-world case study of decision support system using blood test & GP referral letters - Bing Wang and Prof Weizi (Vicky) Li (University of Reading)
<p>This video is the sixth talk from our two day Future Blood Testing: Challenges & Opportunities Event that took place on the 13/09/2022.</p> <p>Improving triaging from primary care into secondary care using heterogeneous data-driven hybrid machine learning: A real-world case study of decision support system using blood test & GP referral letters - Bing Wang and Prof Weizi (Vicky) Li (University of Reading)</p> <p>Bio: Dr Weizi (Vicky) Li is the PI of the Future Blood Testing Network, an Associate Professor of Informatics and Digital Health, Deputy Director in Informatics Research Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading. She is an interdisciplinary researcher focusing on using informatics, data science, machine learning, and digital information systems to solve real-world healthcare challenges. She is the academic lead of a large collaborative project of Improving the Quality of Healthcare through an Integrated Clinical Pathway Management Approach and Cloud based Digital Data Integration Platform, which was awarded ESRC O2RB Excellence in Impact Award in 2018 for her research impact on healthcare quality improvement. She is the academic lead of machine learning based decision support system for outpatient management which has successfully been implemented in Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust and has received Research Engagement and Impact award in 2020. She has been PI on projects funded by ESRC, EPSRC, The Health Foundation, NHS and companies, working on data-driven decision support systems that use real-world data (under privacy preserving framework) from multiple sources including Electronic Patient Record in acute, community hospital and primary care settings, remote health monitoring and patient reported outcomes to develop novel technologies (including AI based methods) to support clinical and operational decision makings in patient pathway. Bing Wang is currently a PhD candidate in informatics and system science at the Informatics Research Center, Henley Business School, University of Reading. Bing’s research interests are Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning and Graph Machine Learning. Bing been working as a data scientist at Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust since December 2019 during his PhD.</p> <p>Further details on this event can be found at: https://futurebloodtesting.org/event/13-14-09-2022/</p> <p>This video is an output from the Future Blood Testing Network which is funded by EPSRC under Grant Number EP/W000652/1</p> <p>YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/W6EH5l80NmU</p>
Partner intrinsic characteristics influence foraging trip duration, but not coordination of care in wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans
<p>1. Long-lived monogamous species gain long-term fitness benefits by equalising effort during bi-parental care. For example, many seabird species coordinate care by matching foraging trip durations within pairs.</p> <p>2. Age affects coordination in some seabird species; however, the impact of other intrinsic traits, including personality, on potential intraspecific variation in coordination strength is less well understood.</p> <p>3. The impacts of pair members' intrinsic traits on trip duration and coordination strength were investigated using data from saltwater immersion loggers deployed on 71 pairs of wandering albatrosses <em>Diomedea</em> <em>exulans</em>. These were modelled against pair members' age, boldness and their partner's previous trip duration.</p> <p>4. At the population level, the birds exhibited some coordination of parental care that was of equal strength during incubation and chick-brooding. However, there was low variation in coordination between pairs and coordination strength was unaffected by the birds' boldness or age in either breeding stage. Surprisingly, during incubation, foraging trip duration was mainly driven by partner traits, as birds that were paired to older and bolder partners took shorter trips. During chick-brooding, shorter foraging trips were associated with greater boldness in focal birds and their partners, but age had no effect.</p> <p>5. These results suggest that an individual's assessment of their partner's capacity or willingness to provide care may be a major driver of trip duration, thereby highlighting the importance of accounting for pair behaviour when studying parental care strategies.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.