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756 results for “cave spider”
FIGURE 2 in A new genus of cave spider from Neotropical region (Gnaphosidae: Prodidominae)
FIGURE 2. Indiani gaspar sp. nov., leg I: A) tarsus, dorsal view; B) tarsal claws, retrolateral view; C) same, detail of classic claw tuft clasper; D) detail of trichobothria and tarsal organ.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus of cave spider from Neotropical region (Gnaphosidae: Prodidominae)
FIGURE 1. Indiani gaspar sp. nov., female: A) habitus, dorsal view; B) habitus, lateral view; C) leg I, lateral view, arrows to two ventral parallel rows of strong spines; D) sternum; E) eyes and chelicerae, dorsal view; F) spinnerets, ventral view.
FIGURE 25 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)
FIGURE 25. Distribution map of Oaphantes pallidulus (Banks 1904), O. cryophilus n. sp. and O. prometheus n. sp.
FIGURES 9–16. Oaphantes cryophilus. 9 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)
FIGURES 9–16. Oaphantes cryophilus. 9, endite and chelicera of male, lateral view (arrow points to setose tubercle); 10, face of male, frontal view (arrow points to mastidion); 11, male palp, retrolateral view; 12, male palp, prolateral view (arrow points to embolus dentation); 13, embolic division of male palp, prolateral view; 14, epigynum, ventral view; 15, internal genitalia, dorsal view, 16, epigynum of female, lateral view. Scale bars for figures 9–10, 14–16 = 0.5mm; figures 11–13 = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 1–8. Oaphantes pallidulus. 1 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)
FIGURES 1–8. Oaphantes pallidulus. 1, endite and chelicera of male, lateral view (arrow points to setose tubercle); 2, face of male, frontal view (arrow points to mastidion); 3, male palp, retrolateral view (arrow points to paracymbial keel); 4, male palp, prolateral view (arrow points to embolus spike): 5, embolic division of male palp, prolateral view; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7, internal genitalia, dorsal view; 8, epigynum of female, lateral view. Scale bars for figures 1–4, 6–8 = 0.5mm, figure 5 = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 17–24. Oaphantes prometheus 17 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)
FIGURES 17–24. Oaphantes prometheus 17, face of male, frontal view (arrow points to mastidion); 18, face of female, frontal view; 19, male palp, retrolateral view (arrow points to paracymbial keel); 20, male palp, prolateral view (arrow points to embolus blunt spike); 21, embolic division of male palp, prolateral view; 22, epigynum, ventral view; 23, internal genitalia, dorsal view, 24, epigynum of female, lateral view. Scale bars for figures 17–18, 22–24 = 0.5mm; figures 19–21 = 0.1 mm.
Data from: Climate change may drive cave spiders to extinction
Subterranean ecosystems present ideal opportunities to study mechanisms underlying responses to changes in climate because species within them are often adapted to a largely constant temperature. We have characterized the thermal conditions of caves in the Western Alps, and related these hypogean climate data to the occurrence of Troglohyphantes spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Our data indicated that present distributions reflect Pleistocene glaciation events and also pointed to specific responses as a consequence of changes in temperature. Constant temperatures recorded inside caves provide an approximation of the mean annual temperature outside, thus we extended the results to a regional scale. We used ecological niche modeling to predict habitat suitability both in the Pleistocene and under future global warming scenarios. These analyses pointed toward a future decline in habitat suitability for subterranean spiders and the potential extinction of the most restricted endemic species. When compared with other species that live in confined habitats such as islands and mountains, we expect cave species to be as much, if not more, vulnerable to climate change.
Data from: High stakes species delimitation in eyeless cave spiders (Cicurina, Dictynidae, Araneae) from central Texas
A remarkable radiation of completely eyeless, cave-obligate spider species (Cicurina) has been described from limestone caves of Texas. This radiation includes over 50 described species, with a large number of hypothesized single-cave endemics, and four species listed as US Federally Endangered. Because of this conservation importance, species delimitation in the group is "high stakes" - it is imperative that species hypotheses are data-rich, objective, and robust. This paper focuses on a complex of four cave-dwelling Cicurina distributed on the northwestern edge of Austin, Texas. Several of the existing species hypotheses in this complex are weak, based on morphological comparisons of small samples of adult female specimens; one species description (for C. wartoni) is based on a single adult specimen. Species limits in this group were newly assessed using morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear DNA sequence data evidence, analyzed using a variety of approaches. All data support a clear lineage separation between C. buwata versus the C. travisae complex (including C. travisae, C. wartoni, and C. reddelli). Observed congruence across multiple analyses indicate that the C. travisae complex represents a single species, and the formal species synonymy presented here has important conservation implications. The integrative framework utilized in this study serves as a potential model for other Texas cave Cicurina, including US Federally Endangered species. More generally, this study illustrates how and why taxon-focused conservation efforts must prioritize modern species delimitation research (if the existing taxonomy is weak), before devoting precious downstream resources to conservation efforts. The study also highlights the issue of taxonomic type II error that diversity biologists increasingly face as species delimitation moves into the genomics era.
FIGURES 3A–F in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 3A–F. Sinopoda grandispinosa sp. nov., holotype (A–D), paratype (E–F). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Left male palpal tibia, dorsal view; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 11 in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURE 11. Sinopoda undata sp. nov. female paratype, habitus, dorsal view (taken in Yeniudong Cave, Mengyuan Village, Mengla County, Xishuangbana Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, CHINA). (Photo by Dr Jinshuo Zhang).
FIGURES 4A–B in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 4A–B. Sinopoda longshan Yin, Peng, Yan & Bao 2000, holotype. A. Epigyne, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 7A–H in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 7A–H. Sinopoda triangula sp. nov., holotype (A–F), paratype (G–H). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Embolus and embolic apophysis, dorsal view; E. Same, ventral view; F. Same, prolateral view; G. Epigyne, ventral view; H. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 6A–H in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 6A–H. Sinopoda semicirculata sp. nov., holotype (A–F), paratype (G–H). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Left male palpal tibia, dorsal view; E. Embolus and embolic apophysis, ventral view; F. Same, prolateral view; G. Epigyne, ventral view; H. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 5A–F in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 5A–F. Sinopoda nuda sp. nov., holotype (A–D), paratype from Hejiaodong Cave (E–F). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Left male palpal tibia, dorsal view; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 1A–G in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 1A–G. Sinopoda anguina sp. nov., holotype. A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Same, dorsal view; E. Embolus and embolic apophysis, retrolateral view; F. Same, prolateral view; G. Same, ventral view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 2A–F. A–B in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 2A–F. A–B. Sinopoda fornicata sp. nov., holotype. C–D. Sinopoda yaojingensis sp. nov., holotype. E–F. Sinopoda crassa sp. nov., holotype. (A, C, E, Epigyne, ventral view; B, D, F, Vulva, dorsal view). Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 9A–P. A–B in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 9A–P. A–B. Sinopoda anguina sp. nov., male holotype; C–D. Sinopoda crassa sp. nov., female holotype; E– H. Sinopoda undata sp. nov. (E–F. Male holotype, G–H. Female paratype); I–J. Sinopoda fornicata sp. nov., female holotype; K–L. Sinopoda yaojingensis sp. nov., female holotype; M–P. Sinopoda grandispinosa sp. nov. (M–N. Male holotype, O–P. Female paratype). (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, dorsal view; B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, ventral view.). Scale lines: 3 mm.
FIGURES 10A–L. A–D in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 10A–L. A–D. Sinopoda nuda sp. nov. (A–B. Male holotype, C–D. Female paratype from Hejiaodong Cave); E–H. Sinopoda semicirculata sp. nov. (E–F. Male holotype, G–H. Female paratype); I–L. Sinopoda triangula sp. nov. (I–J. Male holotype, K–L. Female paratype) (A, C, E, G, I, K, dorsal view; B, D, F, H, J, L, ventral view.). Scale lines: 3 mm.
FIGURES 8A–H in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 8A–H. Sinopoda undata sp. nov., holotype (A–F), paratype (G–H). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Embolus and embolic apophysis, dorsal view; E. Same, ventral view; F. Left male palpal tibia, dorsal view; G. Epigyne, ventral view; H. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 60–64 in Six new cave-dwelling pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Hainan Island, with two newly recorded genera from China
FIGURES 60–64. Pholcus exceptus sp. nov. 60–61. Male left palp, prolateral (60) and retrolateral (61) views; 62–63. Cleared epigynum, ventral (62) and dorsal (63) views; 64. Male chelicerae, frontal view. Scale lines: 60–63 = 0.2 mm; 64 = 0.1 mm.
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