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238 results for “cephalic”
FIGURES 277–282 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 277–282. Psilopsyche granda, new species, holotype. 277 — right wings; 278 — genitalia, lateral; 279
FIGURES 272–276 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 272–276. Psilopsyche granda, new species, holotype. 272 — head, frontal; 273 — head dorsal; 274 — hear, lateral; 275 — tentorium, dorsal; 276 — tentorium, lateral.
FIGURES 267–271 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 267–271. Phraepsyche yitungshana, new species, holotype. 267 — right wings; 268 — genitalia, lateral; 269 — genitalia, dorsal; 270 — gonocoxite, ventral; 271 — phallus, lateral.
FIGURES 213–216 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 213–216. Marilia sumatrana Ulmer, from Vietnam: Bac Thai Province, Quang Chu. 213 — genitalia, lateral; 214 — genitalia, dorsal; 215 — gonocoxite, ventral; 216 — phallus, lateral.
FIGURES 211–212 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 211–212. Marilia sumatrana Ulmer, from Vietnam: Bac Thai Province, Quang Chu. 211 — male head, dorsal; 212 — female head, dorsal.
FIGURES 105–108 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 105–108. Anisocentropus thinlin, new species, holotype. 105 — genitalia, lateral; 106 — genitalia, dorsal; 107 — gonocoxite, ventral; 108 — phallus, lateral.
FIGURES 109–112 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 109–112. Anisocentropus voeltzkowi Ulmer, male, from Madagascar: Maroansetra. 109 — genitalia, lateral; 110 — genitalia, dorsal; 111 — genitalia, ventral; 112 — phallus, lateral.
FIGURES 207–210 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 207–210. Marilia namha, new species, holotype. 207 — genitalia, lateral; 208 — genitalia, dorsal; 209 — gonocoxite, ventral; 210 — phallus, lateral.
FIGURES 113–116 in Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457
FIGURES 113–116. Anisocentropus dvupadhah, new species, holotype. 113 — genitalia, lateral; 114 — genitalia, dorsal; 115 — gonocoxite, ventral; 116 — phallus, lateral.
Figure 4 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 4. Internal rostral anatomy of basal metriorhynchoids Pelagosaurus typus [NHMUK PV OR 32599 (A-E)] and Eoneustes gaudryi [NHMUK PV R 3263 (F-H)]. A-C, Pelagosaurus in dorsal (A), anterodorsal (B) and left lateral views (C) with the skull rendered transparent. D, E, transverse CT slices of nasal cavity olfactory region showing dorsal expansions where salt glands are inferred, the dorsolateral groove separating the inferred positions of salt glands and the nasal capsule (D) and the nasal ridge creating a V-shaped depression of the olfactory region ventral to the nasals (E). F-G, Eoneustes in dorsal (F) and left lateral views (G) with the skull rendered transparent. H, transverse CT slice of nasal cavity olfactory region showing the left salt duct, larger dorsolateral expansions where salt glands are inferred and ridge on the ventral surface of the nasals. Internal reconstruction colours: nasal cavity, yellow; nasopharyngeal ducts, pale yellow; antorbital fenestra, green; preobrital fenestra, light green. Scale bars equal 50 mm (A-C, F, G) and 10 mm (D, E, H).
Figure 3 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 3. Internal rostral anatomy of basal thalattosuchian Plagiophthalmosuchus gracilirostris [NHMUK PV OR 15500 (A-C)] and teleosauroid Macrospondylus bollensis [NHMUK PV OR 14436 (D-F) and MCZ VPRA-1063 (G-I)]. A, B, Plagiophthalmosuchus in dorsal (A) and anterodorsal views (B). C, transverse CT slice of nasal cavity olfactory region. D, E, NHMUK PV OR 14436 in dorsal (D) and anterodorsal views (E). F, transverse CT slice of nasal cavity olfactory region showing small dorsal expansions where of the olfactory region where the nasal capsule is inferred. G, H, MCZ VPRA-1063 in dorsal (G) and anterodorsal views (H). I, transverse CT slice showing dorsal expansions of the olfactory region. All skulls are rendered transparent. Internal reconstruction colours: nasal cavity, yellow; antorbital fenestra, green. Scale bars equal 50 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H) and 10 mm (C, F, I).
Figure 1 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 1. Internal rostral anatomy of extant crocodylians showing the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus system. Abbreviations are provided in the text (see Anatomical Abbreviations). Internal reconstruction colours: nasal cavity, yellow; nasopharyngeal ducts, pale yellow; antorbital cavity/sinus, green; maxillary sinus, violet; maxillary cecal recess, orange; postvestibular sinus, blue. A, B, GaƲialis gangeticus adult [UF-herp-118998 (A)] and subadult [TMM M-5490 (B)] in dorsal view with skull rendered transparent. C, D, Tomistoma schlegelii adult [USNM 211322 (C)] and subadult [TMM M-6342 (D)] in dorsal view with skull rendered transparent. E, Crocodylus rhombifer (MNB AB50.0171) in dorsal view with skull rendered transparent. F-K, transverse CT slices of nasal cavities of adult GaƲialis (F, G), subadult Tomistoma (H, I) and Crocodylus rhombifer (J, K) showing the concavities where the nasal glands and ophthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerves are located (F, H, J) and the olfactory region of the nasal cavity (G, I, K). All skulls are rendered transparent. Scale bars equal 50 mm (A-E) and 10 mm (F-K).
Figure 6 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 6. Internal rostral anatomy of Cricosaurus schroederi (MM unnumbered). A, B, dorsal (A) and left lateral views (B) with the skull rendered transparent. C, D, transverse CT slices of the nasal cavity olfactory region showing salt ducts (C) and small lateral olfactory region expansions where salt glands are inferred (D). Internal reconstruction colours: nasal cavity, yellow; nasopharyngeal ducts, pale yellow; antorbital cavity/sinus, green; preobrital fenestra, light green. Scale bars equal 50 mm (A, B) and 10 mm (C, D).
Figure 8 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 8. Simplified time-scaled crocodylomorph phylogeny showing the sequence of both known marine adaptations and nasal salt gland evolution in thalattosuchians. Numbers indicate the nodes where the first appearance of adaptations are known, from most basal (1) to most derived (8). Phylogeny based on the Crocodylomorph SuperMatrix data set (Young et al., 2021). Silhouettes from http://phylopic.org/.
Figure 2 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 2. Internal rostral anatomy of Protosuchus haughtoni (BP/1/4770) showing the nasal cavity and antorbital fenestra. A, B, dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views with skull rendered transparent. C, D, transverse CT slices of nasal cavity showing the concavities where the nasal glands are inferred (C) and small dorsal expansions of the olfactory region (D). Internal reconstruction colours: nasal cavity, yellow; antorbital fenestra, green. Scale bars equal 10 mm (A, B) and 5 mm (C, D).
Figure 7 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 7. Transverse CT slices of the nasal cavity olfactory region of Cricosaurus schroederi (A), Cricosaurus araucanensis (B) and Thalattosuchus superciliosus (C). In comparison to other metriorhynchids, Cricosaurus schroederi exhibits a dorsoventrally narrow olfactory region, exceptionally large antorbital cavities and dorsoventrally taller nasopharyngeal ducts.
Figure 5 in Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Figure 5. Internal rostral anatomy of metriorhynchids Cricosaurus araucanensis [MLP 72-IV-7-1 (A, B, G, H)], Thalattosuchus superciliosus [NHMUK PV R 11999 (C, D, I, J)] and TorƲoneustes coryphaeus [MJML K1863 (E, F, K, L)]. A, B, Cricosaurus araucanensis in dorsal (A) and left lateral view (B). C, D, Thalattosuchus in dorsal (C) and left lateral view (D). E, F, TorƲoneustes in dorsal (E) and left lateral view (F). G-L, transverse CT slices of nasal cavity olfactory region of Cricosaurus araucanensis (G, H), Thalattosuchus (I, J) and TorƲoneustes (K, L) showing the pre-orbital fenestra external opening (G, I, K) and dorsolateral expansions of olfactory region where salt glands are inferred (H, J, L). All skulls are rendered transparent. Internal reconstruction colours: nasal cavity, yellow; nasopharyngeal ducts, pale yellow; antorbital cavity/sinus, green; preobrital fenestra, light green. Scale bars equal 50 mm (A-F). and 10 mm (G-L).
Data from: Contrasting patterns of disparity suggest differing constraints on the evolution of trilobite cephalic structures during the Cambrian 'explosion'
<p><span>Trilobites are an abundant group of Palaeozoic euarthropods that appear abruptly in the fossil record c. 521 million years ago. Quantifying the development of morphological variation (or 'disparity') through time in fossil groups like trilobites is critical in understanding evolutionary radiations such as the Cambrian 'explosion'. Here, I use geometric morphometrics to quantify 'cumulative disparity' in functionally-important structures within the trilobite cephalon across their initial radiation during Cambrian Series 2. Overall cephalic disparity increased rapidly and attained a maximum within several million years. This pattern is dominated by the cephalic outline (in particular the genal spines), reflecting rapid, convergent expansion to the extremes of morphospace in a few early families. In contrast, removing the outline and focusing on structures such as the glabella and eye ridges (associated with feeding and vision, respectively) showed a more gradual increase in disparity, closer in line with taxonomic diversity and supporting the hypothesis of a relatively accurate trilobite fossil record. These contrasting patterns suggest that disparity in different structures was constrained in different ways, with extrinsic (ecological) factors likely having the biggest impact on overall disparity. It also implies that patterns of disparity in isolated substructures cannot necessarily be taken individually as representative of overall morphologies.</span></p>
Cephalic Phase Insulin Secretion and Capillary Recruitment in Healthy Men
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01145027. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Alcohol on Cephalic Phase Reflex and Gene Expression
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00652405. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
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