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233 results for “climatic niche”
Figure 3 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 3. Micro-habitat characteristics of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi (A) Substrate temperature; (B) Canopy coverage; (C) Height above the ground in relation to the Snout-Vent Length (From low to high levels mentioned the frequency of captured animals); (D) Stream section type; (E) Surface substrate condition; (F) Activity status.
Figure 2 in Niche evolution and diversification in Middle Eastern stream salamanders (Paradactylodon): vulnerability to future climate change
Figure 2. Recent (A: 1970-2000) and future (2081-2100) habitat suitability of Paradactylodon species based on the consensus model under optimistic (B: ssp126) and pessimistic (C: ssp585) scenarios.
Figure 1 in Niche evolution and diversification in Middle Eastern stream salamanders (Paradactylodon): vulnerability to future climate change
Figure 1. Study area. The occurrence records of Paradactylodon species with different colors are shown on the map.
Figure 3 in Niche evolution and diversification in Middle Eastern stream salamanders (Paradactylodon): vulnerability to future climate change
Figure 3. Panels (A-D) illustrate the niche overlap values between two species distribution ranges (see table 3), along the
Figure 6 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 6. Comparisons of macro-climatic niches of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi between island and mainland populations. (A) Climate niche space of the mainland population; (B) Climate niche space of the mainland population along the first two axes of the PCA-env (The solid (100%) and dashed contour (50%) lines illustrate the available macro-climate space); (C) The contribution of 19 climatic variables for loading PCA-env axes and the percentage of inertia explained by axes one and two.
Figure 5 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 5. (A) Scatterplot of all variable groups for the first (Dim1) and second (Dim2) axes in the Multiple factor analysis (MFA) (green triangles as inactive groups, red triangles as active groups or variables); (B) Scatterplot of all qualitative variables in the Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA); (C) The first four important variables of the Dim1; and (D) The Dim2; (E) Scatter diagram illustrating the micro-habitat niche space of island and mainland populations.
Figure 1 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 1. Records of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi (orange circles – surveyed locations; blue green circles – other recorded occurrences); (1): Bai Tu Long National Park, Quang Ninh Province (2): Chi Linh District, Hai Duong Province, (3): Yen Tu Mountain, Quang Ninh Province, (4): Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve, Bac Giang Province. The background depicts elevation in northern Vietnam and southern China (from dark blue to red indicating higher elevation).
Figure 2 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 2. (A) Natural micro-habitat of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi; (B) An adult male resting on a moss-rock substrate.
Data from: Microhabitat and climatic niche change explain patterns of diversification among frog families
A major goal of ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain patterns of species richness among clades. Differences in rates of net diversification (speciation minus extinction over time) may often explain these patterns, but the factors that drive variation in diversification rates remain uncertain. Three important candidates are climatic niche position (e.g., whether clades are primarily temperate or tropical), rates of climatic niche change among species within clades, and microhabitat (e.g., aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal). The first two factors have been tested separately in several studies, but the relative importance of all three is largely unknown. Here we explore the correlates of diversification among families of frogs, which collectively represent ∼88% of amphibian species. We assemble and analyze data on phylogeny, climate, and microhabitat for thousands of species. We find that the best-fitting phylogenetic multiple regression model includes all three types of variables: microhabitat, rates of climatic niche change, and climatic niche position. This model explains 67% of the variation in diversification rates among frog families, with arboreal microhabitat explaining ∼31%, niche rates ∼25%, and climatic niche position ∼11%. Surprisingly, we show that microhabitat can have a much stronger influence on diversification than climatic niche position or rates of climatic niche change.
Data from: Is there any evidence for rapid, genetically-based, climatic niche expansion in the invasive common ragweed?
Climatic niche shifts have been documented in a number of invasive species by comparing the native and adventive climatic ranges in which they occur. However, these shifts likely represent changes in the realized climatic niches of invasive species, and may not necessarily be driven by genetic changes in climatic affinities. Until now the role of rapid niche evolution in the spread of invasive species remains a challenging issue with conflicting results. Here, we document a likely genetically-based climatic niche expansion of an annual plant invader, the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), a highly allergenic invasive species causing substantial public health issues. To do so, we looked for recent evolutionary change at the upward migration front of its adventive range in the French Alps. Based on species climatic niche models estimated at both global and regional scales we stratified our sampling design to adequately capture the species niche, and localized populations suspected of niche expansion. Using a combination of species niche modeling, landscape genetics models and common garden measurements, we then related the species genetic structure and its phenotypic architecture across the climatic niche. Our results strongly suggest that the common ragweed is rapidly adapting to local climatic conditions at its invasion front and that it currently expands its niche toward colder and formerly unsuitable climates in the French Alps (i.e. in sites where niche models would not predict its occurrence). Such results, showing that species climatic niches can evolve on very short time scales, have important implications for predictive models of biological invasions that do not account for evolutionary processes.
Data from: Macroevolutionary consequences of profound climate change on niche evolution in marine mollusks over the past three million years
In order to predict the fate of biodiversity in a rapidly changing world, we must first understand how species adapt to new environmental conditions. The long-term evolutionary dynamics of species' physiological tolerances to differing climatic regimes remain obscure. Here, we unite palaeontological and neontological data to analyse whether species' environmental tolerances remain stable across 3 Myr of profound climatic changes using 10 phylogenetically, ecologically and developmentally diverse mollusc species from the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, USA. We additionally investigate whether these species' upper and lower thermal tolerances are constrained across this interval. We find that these species' environmental preferences are stable across the duration of their lifetimes, even when faced with significant environmental perturbations. The results suggest that species will respond to current and future warming either by altering distributions to track suitable habitat or, if the pace of change is too rapid, by going extinct. Our findings also support methods that project species' present-day environmental requirements to future climatic landscapes to assess conservation risks.
Data from: Do ecological niche models accurately identify climatic determinants of species ranges?
Defining species' niches is central to understanding their distributions and is thus fundamental to basic ecology and climate change projections. Ecological niche models (ENMs) are a key component of making accurate projections and include descriptions of the niche in terms of both response curves and rankings of variable importance. In this study, we evaluate Maxent's ranking of environmental variables based on their importance in delimiting species' range boundaries by asking whether these same variables also govern annual recruitment based on long-term demographic studies. We found that Maxent-based assessments of variable importance in setting range boundaries in the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense; CTS) correlate very well with how important those variables are in governing ongoing recruitment of CTS at the population level. This strong correlation suggests that Maxent's ranking of variable importance captures biologically realistic assessments of factors governing population persistence. However, this result holds only when Maxent models are built using best-practice procedures and variables are ranked based on permutation importance. Our study highlights the need for building high-quality niche models and provides encouraging evidence that when such models are built, they can reflect important aspects of a species' ecology.
Data from: Nonnative old-field species inhabit early-season phenological niches and exhibit unique sensitivity to climate
<p>Native and nonnative plant species can exhibit differences in the timing of their reproductive phenology as well as their phenological sensitivity to climate. These contrasts may influence species' interactions and the invasion potential of nonnative species; however, a limited number of phenology studies expressly consider phenological mismatches among native and nonnative species over broad spatial or temporal scales. To fill this knowledge gap, we used two complementary approaches: first, we quantified the flowering phenology of native and nonnative plants at five old-field sites across a spatially extensive range of eastern North America. Second, we used herbarium records to compare the sensitivity of flowering and fruiting phenology to climate across a 114-year time period in a subset of common old field species in southwestern Pennsylvania. Across the study region, nonnatives reproduced substantially earlier in the growing season than natives, suggesting that nonnatives occupy a unique phenological niche (0.55 months earlier flowering across the North American study sites; 50.1 days earlier flowering and 17.5 days earlier fruiting in southwestern Pennsylvania). Both natives and nonnatives advanced their reproductive phenology between 1900 to 2014 but exhibited contrasting phenological sensitivity to climate factors. During the flowering stage of phenology, nonnatives were more sensitive to changes in precipitation than natives and generally delayed flowering in wetter years. Nonnative plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the month preceding fruiting was warmer while native plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the three-month period preceding fruiting was warmer. Our findings suggest that nonnative old-field species occupy an earlier phenological niche relative to native species, which may facilitate their invasion into old-field communities. However, given the different sensitivities of native and nonnative plants to climate factors, present-day patterns of phenology are likely to shift with future climate changes, potentially leading to novel species interactions that may influence the outcomes of invasion.</p>
Data from: Naturalized distributions show that climatic disequilibrium is structured by niche size in pines (Pinus L.)
Aim: The assumption that species' native distributions are in equilibrium with climate has been shown to be frequently violated, despite its centrality to many niche model applications. We currently lack a framework that predicts these violations. Here we examine whether variation in climatic disequilibrium is structured by properties of species' native distributions and climatic niches. Location: Global Methods: We built climatic niche models for 106 pine (Pinus L.) species, including 25 that have naturalized outside their native range. We measured the extent of climate space occupied exclusively by naturalized populations and considered what fraction of this space was available within the native continent and near the native range. We examined the consequences of disequilibrium for estimates of potential range filling and sister-species niche conservatism. Results: Most species (23 of 25) have naturalized in climate conditions outside of the native niche, leading to increases in the total known suitable climate space. Increases in niche size were negatively related to native niche size. Increases were often large – one species expanded its niche by almost 10% of the global climate space. These increases were associated primarily with cooler, wetter, and less seasonal climates. Increases in known niche size lowered potential range filling estimates within species' native continent and ecoregion. Naturalized data did not strengthen support for niche conservatism among sister species. Main Conclusions: Among pines, climatic disequilibrium is the norm and not the exception. The magnitude of this disequilibrium can be vast, such that the native range greatly underrepresents the true climatic tolerances of some species. Fortunately, this disequilibrium can largely be predicted by the size of a species' native niche. Accounting for this disequilibrium can improve our ability to characterize ecological phenomena, including potential range filling. This is an essential step toward improving the conservation value of ecological niche models.
Data from: Including fossils in phylogenetic climate reconstructions: a deep time perspective on the climatic niche evolution and diversification of spiny lizards (Sceloporus)
Fossils and other paleontological information can improve phylogenetic comparative method estimates of phenotypic evolution and generate hypotheses related to species diversification. Here, we use fossil information to calibrate ancestral reconstructions of suitable climate for Sceloporus lizards in North America. Integrating data from the fossil record, general circulation models of paleoclimate during the Miocene, climate envelope modeling, and phylogenetic comparative methods provides a geographically and temporally explicit species distribution model of Sceloporus-suitable habitat through time. We provide evidence to support the historic biogeographic hypothesis of Sceloporus diversification in warm North American deserts and suggest a relatively recent Sceloporus invasion into Mexico around 6 Ma. We use a physiological model to map extinction risk. We suggest that the number of hours of restriction to a thermal refuge limited Sceloporus from inhabiting Mexico until the climate cooled enough to provide suitable habitat at approximately 6 Ma. If the future climate returns to the hotter climates of the past, Mexico, the place of highest modern Sceloporus richness, will no longer provide suitable habitats for Sceloporus to survive and reproduce.
Vertical niche and elevation range size in tropical ants: implications for climate resilience
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: We propose that forest trees create a vertical dimension for ecological niche variation that generates different regimes of climatic exposure, which in turn drives species elevation distributions. We test this hypothesis by statistically modelling the vertical and elevation distributions and microclimate exposure of rainforest ants. </p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Wet Tropics Bioregion, Australia</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We conducted 60 ground-to-canopy surveys to determine the vertical (tree) and elevation distributions, and microclimate exposure of ants (101 species) at 15 sites along four mountain ranges. We statistically modelled elevation range size as a function of ant species' vertical niche breadth and exposure to temperature variance for 55 species found at two or more trees. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We found a positive association between vertical niche and elevation range of ant species: for every 3 m increase in vertical niche breadth our models predict a ~150% increase in mean elevation range size. Temperature variance increased with vertical height along the arboreal gradient and ant species exposure to temperature variance explained some of the variation in elevation range size.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong>: We demonstrate that arboreal ants have broader elevation ranges than ground-dwelling ants and are likely to have increased resilience to climatic variance. The capacity of species to expand their niche by climbing trees could influence their ability to persist over broader elevation ranges. We propose that wherever vertical layering exists - from oceans to forest ecosystems - vertical niche breadth is a potential mechanism driving macrogeographic distribution patterns and resilience to climate change.</p>
Climatic niche shifts in 815 introduced plant species affect their predicted distributions: Data and scripts
<p class="CxSpFirst"><u>Aim:</u> Introduced species often occupy different climates in their introduced than their native range, but to what degree do such 'climatic niche shifts' interfere with our ability to predict invasions? Answering this question is crucial if we are to understand the threat invasive species pose to human and natural systems, especially given the ever increasing use of species distribution models as tools for invasive species risk assessment and management. Here we investigated how strongly climatic niche shifts interfered with the transferability of native- and introduced-range species distribution models.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Location:</u> Our dataset consisted of ~14 million occurrences distributed worldwide.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Time Period:</u> Occurrence data were collected from online repositories dating from ca. 1600 with the vast majority being from the 20<sup>th</sup> century. Climatic data represent means between 1970–2000.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Major Taxa Studied:</u> Our database represented 815 terrestrial plant species.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Methods:</u> We used ordination to identify climatic niche shifts as species moved between continents. Next, we trained separate MAXENT models using native- or introduced-range occurrences, and projected those models into each species' introduced range. We compared the ordination and MAXENT models to determine whether niche shifts were associated with errors in MAXENT predictions.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Results:</u> Models trained on native-range occurrences poorly predicted introduced-range occurrences, and transferability was lowest in species with large climatic niche shifts. Directional shifts in species' predicted geographic distributions mirrored their niche dynamics. This is concerning because native-range data are often used to predict introduced-range distributions.</p> <p><u>Main Conclusions: </u>Our results highlight the importance of considering niche shifts when modeling the potential geographic distributions of introduced species, and cast doubt on the assumption that the climatic niche of a species can be transferred between native and invasive ranges.</p>
Presence, precipitation, and temperature data used to estimate eastern forest songbird historical distributions using climatic niche modeling
<p>Boundaries between vegetation types, known as ecotones, can be dynamic in response to climatic changes. The North American Great Plains includes a forest-grassland ecotone in the south-central United States that has expanded and contracted in recent decades in response to historical periods of drought and pluvial conditions. This dynamic region also marks a western distributional limit for many passerine birds that typically breed in forests of the eastern United States. To better understand the influence that variability can exert on broad-scale biodiversity, we explored historical longitudinal shifts in the western extent of breeding ranges of eastern forest songbirds in response to the variable climate of the southern Great Plains. We used climatic niche modeling to estimate current distributional limits of nine species of forest-breeding passerines from 30-year average climate conditions from 1980 to 2010. During this time the southern Great Plains experienced an unprecedented wet period without periodic multi-year droughts that characterized the region's long-term climate from the early 1900s. Species' climatic niche models were then projected onto two historical drought periods: 1952–1958 and 1966–1972. Threshold models for each of the three time periods revealed dramatic breeding range contraction and expansion along the forest-grassland ecotone. Precipitation was the most important climate variable defining breeding ranges of these nine eastern forest songbirds. Range limits extended farther west into southern Great Plains during the more recent pluvial conditions of 1980–2010 and contracted during historical drought periods. An independent dataset from BBS was used to validate 1966–1972 range limit projections. Periods of lower precipitation in the forest-grassland ecotone are likely responsible for limiting the western extent of eastern forest songbird breeding distributions. Projected increases in temperature and drought conditions in the southern Great Plains associated with climate change may reverse range expansions observed in the past 30 years.</p>
Data from: A tale of two seasons: the link between seasonal migration and climatic niches in passerine birds.
<p class="MsoCommentText">The question of whether migratory birds track a specific climatic niche by seasonal movements has important implications for understanding the evolution of migration, the factors affecting species' distributions and the responses of migrants to climate change. Despite much research, previous studies of bird migration have produced mixed results. However, whether migrants track climate is only one half of the question, the other being why residents remain in the same geographic range year-round. We provide a literature overview and test the hypothesis of seasonal niche tracking by evaluating seasonal climatic niche overlap across 437 migratory and resident species from eight clades of passerine birds. Seasonal climatic niches were based on a new global dataset of breeding and non-breeding ranges. Overlap between climatic niches was quantified using ordination methods. We compared niche overlap of migratory species to two null expectations, 1) a scenario in which they do not migrate and 2) in comparison to the overlap experienced by closely related resident species, while controlling for breeding location and range size. Partly in accordance with the hypothesis of niche tracking, we found that the overlap of breeding vs. non-breeding climatic conditions in migratory species was greater than the overlap they would experience if they did not migrate. However, this was only true for migrants breeding outside the tropics and only relative to the overlap species would experience if they stayed in the breeding range year-round. In contrast to the hypothesis of niche tracking, migratory species experienced lower seasonal climatic niche overlap than resident species, with significant differences between tropical and non-tropical species. Our study suggests that in seasonal non-tropical environments migration away from the breeding range may serve to avoid seasonally harsh climate; however, different factors may drive seasonal movements in the climatically more stable tropical regions.</p>
Data from: Niche width predicts extinction from climate change and vulnerability of tropical species
<p>Climate change may be a major threat to global biodiversity, especially to tropical species. Yet, why tropical species are more vulnerable to climate change remains unclear. Tropical species are thought to have narrower physiological tolerances to temperature, and they have already experienced a higher estimated frequency of climate-related local extinctions. These two patterns suggest that tropical species are more vulnerable to climate change because they have narrower thermal niche widths. However, no studies have tested whether species with narrower climatic niche widths for temperature have experienced more local extinctions, and if these narrower niche widths can explain the higher frequency of tropical local extinctions. Here, we test these ideas using resurvey data from 538 plant and animal species from 10 studies. We found that mean niche widths among species and the extent of climate change (increase in maximum annual temperatures) together explained most variation (>75%) in the frequency of local extinction among studies. Surprisingly, neither latitude nor occurrence in the tropics alone significantly predicted local extinction among studies, but latitude and niche widths were strongly inversely related. Niche width also significantly predicted local extinction among species, as well as among and (sometimes) within studies. Overall, niche width may offer a relatively simple and accessible predictor of the vulnerability of populations to climate change. Intriguingly, niche width has the best predictive power to explain extinction from global warming when it incorporates coldest yearly temperatures.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.