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opencc-zeroJan 2020View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Biniari K, Daskalakis I, Bouza D, Stavrakaki M (2019) Comparative study of qualitative and quantitative characters of grape cultivar 'Mavrodafni' (Vitis vinifera L.) and 'Renio' grown in different regions of the Protected Designation of Origin Mavrodafni Patras. Viticulture Data Journal 1: e37852. https://doi.org/10.3897/vdj.1.e37852

This is the raw dataset of the measurements performed on the samples collected from the two varieties from the different locations. There are three repetitions per measurement and no statistical analysis has been performed.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Self-compatible blueberry cultivars require fewer floral visits to maximise fruit production than a partially self-incompatible cultivar

Effective pollination is a complex phenomenon determined by the outcome of the interaction between pollen transfer and a plants' pollinator dependency, yet most studies investigate pollinator effectiveness without consideration of plant mating system differences. We investigated pollinator effectiveness in three types of blueberry that differed in their degree of pollinator dependency as measured by plant mating system: two self-compatible highbush cultivars and one partially self-incompatible rabbiteye cultivar. We quantified pollinator effectiveness as a function of the fruit set and fruit weight resulting from single and multiple floral visits (2 – 15 visits), in comparison with estimates of fruit set and fruit weight resulting from experimental pollination treatments (open-pollination, cross-pollination and self-pollination). Single-visit effectiveness of fruit set was similar across pollinator taxa but considerably higher in both self-compatible cultivars. The probability of fruit set in all three blueberry types improved in response to an increasing number of visits, but this relationship was steeper in self-compatible cultivars: >90% probability of fruit set was achieved in three to five visits. In the self-incompatible rabbiteye cultivar, 58% fruit set was achieved with 15 visits. Multiple visits improved fruit weight by 27% – 48% in self-compatible cultivars, but not there was no relationship in rabbiteye. Pollination deficits in fruit set and fruit weight due to self-pollination were most pronounced in rabbiteye. Synthesis and applications: Improved understanding of cultivar-level mating system differences in plants will inform pollination planning and management in agroecosystems. Self-compatible (highbush) cultivars require less floral visitation to maximise fruit production. Therefore, these cultivars may be best suited to landscapes in which pollinator abundance is low, such as intensive and/or simple landscapes. In contrast, self-incompatible (rabbiteye) cultivars may benefit from the implementation of mixed-cultivar crop row plantings to facilitate cross-pollination through the movement by bees between cultivars.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Three-dimensional reconstructed canopies of apple cultivars grafted on different interstocks

Canopy architecture is important for a range of orchard ecosystem processes, including radiation interception and distribution within canopy, flowering, carbon assimilation, fruit yield and quality and pest and pathogen attacks in fruit trees. The canopy of fruit tree varies greatly from cultivar to cultivar, and can be manipulated by horticultural practices, such as rootstock, pruning, training etc. We collected canopy architectural data in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’ apple cultivars which were grafted onto two rootstock/interstock combinations: M. micromalus/M. domestica cv. ‘Qinguan’, a vigorous interstock and M. micromalus/M26, a dwarf interstock. Allometric relationships at leaf and shoot scale were determined for all shoot types before harvests in 2011 and 2012, including bourse, bourse short shoot, bourse long shoot, vegetative short shoot, and vegetative long shoot. A dataset of 4351 records of leaf Euler angles were digitized for all shoot types. For 19 trees, their 3D distribution of the foliage within canopy was reconstructed by combining both the spatial locations of shoots (as measured from 3D digitizing) and foliage reconstruction based on allometric relationships and leaf angle distributions. We believe this dataset is a valuable resource for studies and models that require leaf angles and detailed 3D virtual canopies.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Datta A, Kumschick S, Geerts S, Wilson JRU (2020) Identifying safe cultivars of invasive plants: six questions for risk assessment, management, and communication. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 81-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.51635

Table S1. Plant taxa listed under South African regulations for which certain sub-specific entities are listed differently from other entities

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Interspecific hybridisation and interaction with cultivars affect the genetic variation of Ulmus minor and U. glabra in Flanders

Interspecific hybridisation and gene flow from cultivated plants may have profound effects on the evolution of wild species. Considering the cultural history and past use of U. minor and U. glabra trees in Flanders (northern Belgium), we investigated the extent of human impact on the genetic variation of the remaining, supposedly indigenous elm populations. We therefore examined the rate of interspecific hybridisation, which is expected to be higher under human influence, the occurrence of clones within and among locations, the presence of cultivars and their possible offspring. Based on results produced using 385 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphic (AFLP) markers, 46% of the 106 investigated Flemish elms appeared to be F1 hybrids or backcrosses to one of the parent species, while no F2 hybrids (F1 x F1 progeny) were found. Clonality was mainly found among U. minor and hybrids, which are more likely to form root suckers or sprouts as opposed to U. glabra. The majority of the studied locations (76% of the locations with multiple samples) showed evidence of clonal reproduction. Several, sometimes distant, locations shared a multilocus lineage. We also found indications of gene flow from cultivated elms into native species. It is conceivable that reproductive material has been moved around extensively, obscuring the natural genetic structure of the elm populations. The results help guide the Flemish elm genetic resources conservation program.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Identifying litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars and their genetic relationships using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers

Litchi is an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. However, there is widespread confusion regarding litchi cultivar nomenclature and detailed information of genetic relationships among litchi germplasm is unclear. In the present study, the potential of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for the identification of 96 representative litchi accessions and their genetic relationships in China was evaluated using 155 SNPs that were evenly spaced across litchi genome. Ninety SNPs with minor allele frequencies above 0.05 and a good genotyping success rate were used for further analysis. A relatively high level of genetic variation was observed among litchi accessions, as quantified by the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.305). The SNP based multilocus matching identified two synonymous groups, 'Heiye' and 'Wuye', and 'Chengtuo' and 'Baitangli 1'. A subset of 14 SNPs was sufficient to distinguish all the non-redundant litchi genotypes, and these SNPs were proven to be highly stable by repeated analyses of a selected group of cultivars. Unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis divided the litchi accessions analyzed into four main groups, which corresponded to the traits of extremely early-maturing, early-maturing, middle-maturing, and late-maturing, indicating that the fruit maturation period should be considered as the primary criterion for litchi taxonomy. Two subpopulations were detected among litchi accessions by STRUCTURE analysis, and accessions with extremely early- and late-maturing traits showed membership coefficients above 0.99 for Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, respectively. Accessions with early- and middle-maturing traits were identified as admixture forms with varying levels of membership shared between the two clusters, indicating their hybrid origin during litchi domestication. The results of this study will benefit litchi germplasm conservation programs and facilitate maximum genetic gains in litchi breeding programs.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

Effect of tomato-fruit cultivar and ripening stage on Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) egg and larval survival

In studies of frugivorous tephritids, determining when offspring (i.e. egg and three larval instars) mortality occurs within the fruit can greatly improve the mechanistic understanding of the fly/host interaction. Previous research has demonstrated that the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, has differential offspring performance in two tomato cultivars Cherry and Roma, but when juvenile mortality was occurring was not determined. We examined B. tryoni egg and larval survival in three different ripening stages (immature-green (IG), colour-break (CB) and fully-ripe (FR)) of Cherry and Roma tomato cultivars through destructive fruit sampling at 72 and 120 hrs for eggs, and 48 (1st instar), 96 (2nd instar) and 120 hours (3rd instar) after fruit inoculation with neonates for larvae. Cultivar and ripening stage had no significant effect on egg survival, nor larval survival at 48 hrs: egg survival was high across all treatments, while 1st instar larval was low across all treatments. At 96 and 120 hrs, there were significant cultivar and ripening stage impacts on larval survival. In fully-ripe fruit, no further significant mortality happened after the first instar. However, in colour-break fruit, after the initial 1st instar mortality, high mortality also occurred in third instar larvae. In immature-green fruits nearly all mortality occurred during the first and second instars. The difference in timing of larval mortality with ripening stage provides indirect evidence of active fruit defense which is strongest in immature-green fruit, less in colour-break fruit and absent in fully-ripe fruit. Increased knowledge of fruit defenses against fruit flies is a starting point for developing fruit fly resistant crops.

opennotspecifiedDec 2007View details →

FIGURES 2–4. Klambothrips species. 2, K in A new thrips pest of Myoporum cultivars in California, in a new genus of leaf-galling Australian Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)

FIGURES 2–4. Klambothrips species. 2, K. myopori male holotype; 3, K. myopori antenna; 4, K. walsinghami.

opennotspecifiedDec 2007View details →

FIGURE 5 in A new thrips pest of Myoporum cultivars in California, in a new genus of leaf-galling Australian Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)

FIGURE 5. Relationships between some Australian Phlaeothripinae based on sequence data from the genes "wingless" and "CO1".

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Vitis Vinifera chr01 cultivars

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Fig. 3 in Profiling of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in Polianthes tuberosa L. flowers reveals intraspecific variation among cultivars

Fig. 3. Soluble and wall-bound phenolics profile of tuberose cultivars. Histogram A shows the amount of rutin determined by UHPLC analysis in ng g −1 fr. wt of flower tissue, and B shows the amount of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in ng mg−1 pellet dry wt of. Note: All values are mean ± s.d. of three replicates.

Fig. 2 in Profiling of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in Polianthes tuberosa L. flowers reveals intraspecific variation among cultivars

Fig. 2. Heat map representing the diversity of nonvolatile compounds detected in P. tuberosa flowers. Floral extracts after derivatization were analysed by GC-MS. Classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 indicates group average abundances of Calcutta double, Calcutta single, Jyothi, Ujwal, Shnigdha, Shringhar, and Phule rajani cultivars respectively. Red and green color denotes highest and lowest relative abundances of non-volatile compounds, respectively. Abbreviations: Met a-D-gal - Methyl α-D-galactofuranoside, Met b-D-gal - Methyl β-D-galactopyranoside, Met b-D-glu - Methyl β-D-glucofuranoside, 4- HBALD - 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-HBA - 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2, 5-DHBA - 2, 5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Profiling of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in Polianthes tuberosa L. flowers reveals intraspecific variation among cultivars

Fig. 5. Metabolite map representing the normalized relative abundances of few important primary and specialized metabolites during the blooming stage of P. tuberosa flowers. The amount of metabolites from four different P. tuberosa cultivar clusters were colour coded for low to high contents as per the scale shown. Cluster A includes CD, cluster B includes CS, cluster C includes JY and PR and cluster D includes SN, UJ, and SR. Solid arrows represent single step reactions, dotted arrows represent multi step reactions and block arrows represent volatile emission or exchange within the cell. Emitted levels of volatiles are shown outside the cell, while endogenous levels are represented inside the cytosol. Glycosyl-bound volatiles are shown inside in a representative vacuolar structure. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Profiling of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in Polianthes tuberosa L. flowers reveals intraspecific variation among cultivars

Fig. 1. Profile of floral scent volatiles in studied cultivars of P. tuberosa. Stack plots represent (A) volatiles emitted by flowers in μg g−1 fr. wt h−1, (B) free endogenous volatiles of whole flower in μg μg g−1 fr. wt and (C) glycosyl-bound volatiles of whole flower in μg μg g−1 fr. wt. Abbreviations: CD - Calcutta double, CS - Calcutta single, JY - Jyothi, UJ - Ujwal, SN - Shnigdha, SR - Shringhar, and PR - Phule rajani.

Fig. 4 in Profiling of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in Polianthes tuberosa L. flowers reveals intraspecific variation among cultivars

Fig. 4. Multivariate analysis of P. tuberosa cultivars (classes 0–6). The scores plot obtained after PLS-DA analysis has been shown in A, where components 1 and 2 together can explain the maximum variance between the cultivars. Metabolites having higher VIP scores are shown in B where their relative abundances are color coded from high to low as per the scale shown. The dendrogram as shown in C was obtained after hierarchical clustering analysis of studied P. tuberosa cultivars. Classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent Calcutta double, Calcutta single, Jyothi, Ujwal, Shnigdha, Shringhar and Phule rajani cultivars. Metabolites enlisted as 1–25 in B are sequentially represented as follows: quinic acid, V_D-limonene (V: detected as emitted volatile), myo-inositol, D-mannose, V_3-carene, EV_cis-methyl eugenol (EV: detected as endogenous volatile), V_Z- β-caryophyllene, V_benzyl salicylate, EV_benzyl benzoate, EV_eugenol, methyl α-D-galactofuranoside, EV_(Z, E)-farnesol, GV_2-nitrocumene (GV: detected as glycosyl-bound volatile), EV_1,8-cineole, V_1,R-α-pinene, Methyl β-D-galactopyranoside, GV_4-propyl benzaldehyde, Methyl α-Dglucofuranoside, V_β-terpineol, D-fructofuranose, L-threonine, EV_2-hydroxy cineole, EV_3-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole, EV_5-hydroxy-7(Z)-decenoic acid-δ-lactone and GV_5-hydroxy-7Z-decenoic acid- δ –lactone.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Data from: Biomass production and stability of five energycane cultivars at two latitudes in Georgia, USA

Energycane (Saccharum hyb.) could be a viable bioenergy crop for the Southeast USA. Five energycane cultivars were planted in 2008 at a northern (Watkinsville, GA) and a southern (Tifton, GA) site, and were grown for seven years to compare biomass yields. Plots were arranged in a four replicate randomized complete block design at each site. Energycane was grown under rainfed conditions with 90–112 kg ha-1 N applied annually. Plant height was recorded at least monthly, and stalks were sampled to determine juice volume and Brix (estimate of sugar concentration) at harvest. Whole plots were mechanically harvested each year after killing freeze and weighed to determine biomass yields. Biomass yield and mature plant height were strongly correlated at both Tifton (r = 0.746) and Watkinsville (r = 0.727). Biomass yields peaked in year four at Tifton (39.8 Mg ha-1) and year five at Watkinsville (30.5 Mg ha-1), but local weather conditions had a greater influence on yields than stand age. Day-long freezes during the winter and late spring freezes after shoot emergence resulted in reduced growth rate and yields in subsequent growing seasons. These cold weather events were more common at Watkinsville than Tifton, resulting in yields being more variable at the northern location. The greatest yielding cultivars were Ho 06-9001 (27.0 Mg ha-1) and Ho 06-9002 (25.1 Mg ha-1). Stability analysis revealed that these two cultivars responded positively to favorable environments in terms of biomass yield and plant height.

opennotspecifiedMar 2022View details →

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Epicaerus Pascoe, 1881 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Geonemini) associated with potato cultivars in Tierras Altas de Chiriquí, Panama

FIGURE 8. Specimens of Epicaerus nr. inaequalis from El Zamorano, El Paraíso Department, Honduras: A–C, H female (ASUCOB0019961), D–G, I male (ASUCOB0019962). A, D dorsal view (black arrow in A pointing straight apical fifth of elytral outline), B, E lateral view, C, F ventral view, G dorsal view of head, H, I posterior view (black arrows pointing costate odd-numbered elytral interstriae). Scale bars for A–F: 2 mm.