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470 results for “dead”
Ecological significance of standing dead phytomass: marcescence as a puzzle piece to the nutrient cycle in temperate ecosystems
<ol> <li> <span>The plant economics spectrum (PES) drives nutrient cycling through effects on soil decomposers. However, dead phytomass may remain standing or unshed (marcescent), hardly accessible to decomposers, and be photodegraded. In arid zones, the significant part of marcescent phytomass can be decomposed without touching the ground. In temperate zones, photodegradation of marcescent phytomass is low but prompts important chemical changes, </span>which affect its subsequent decomposability in the soil<span> and alters the surrounding environment. It is unknown, however, how common marcescence is among different taxa and in which habitats, and how it is coordinated by PES traits.</span> </li> <li><span>We sampled standing (marcescent) and lying (shed) dead phytomass from a broad spectrum of 127 herbaceous temperate species in a common garden experiment and related these parameters to PES traits, species ecological preferences, and phylogeny.</span></li> <li><span>Nearly all species (97%) kept their phytomass marcescent. Tall species with a small leaf area and high leaf carbon had a high level of marcescence. Marcescent species also preferred sites affected by severe (but not necessarily frequent) disturbance. The degree of marcescence was considerably conserved in phylogeny.</span></li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis</em>.</span><span> Marcescence extends PES trait effects on ecosystems, particularly in immature habitats, being a common but overlooked phenomenon of the temperate flora. </span> </li> </ol>
Suspended sections within downed dead wood are drier, have altered decomposer communities, and slower decomposition
<div class="page"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>The decomposition of dead wood plays a key role in forest carbon emissions. Most pieces of downed dead wood are partially suspended above the forest floor, but how this suspension affects decomposition rates is typically ignored and remains largely unexplored. Here we combine field observations and experimental manipulations to explore how partial suspension of downed wood (i.e., wood debris in contact with the ground) influences decomposer communities and patterns of decomposition in a lowland tropical forest. Experimental manipulations of wood sticks showed that small-scale suspension above the forest floor (ca. 5 cm) slowed decomposition and altered microbial community assembly, regardless of whether the suspended section was connected to a piece of downed wood. Across a 41-year chronosequence of dead trees, the average percent of wood volume suspended above the forest floor decreased during the initial 10 years post-death, but this trend reversed after 10 years, with the oldest logs being the forest floor had less moisture, fewer macrofungi, and more photosynthetic growth (e.g., moss, algae, etc.) than downed sections of the same bole. Surprisingly, wood density, termite presence, and mass-specific respiration did not differ with ground contact. Combined, these data suggest that suspension within downed wood reduces moisture content, influences decomposer community assembly, and contributes to the strong variability in decomposition rates. The strong effect of partial suspension within downed wood pieces heightens concerns about the accuracy and applicability of experiments and surveys focused on down dead wood, which are the foundation of our understanding of wood decomposition and associated carbon losses most suspended. Among downed woody pieces sampled in situ, sections suspended above the forest floor had less moisture, fewer macrofungi, and more photosynthetic growth (e.g., moss, algae, etc.) than downed sections of the same bole. Surprisingly, wood density, termite presence, and mass-specific respiration did not differ with ground contact. Combined, these data suggest that suspension within downed wood reduces moisture content, influences decomposer community assembly, and contributes to the strong variability in decomposition rates. </p> </div> </div> </div>
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma LA-ICP-MS spectral files and stable isotope data from: Geochemical differences between alive, uncrusted and dead, crusted shells of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma: Implications for paleoreconstruction
<p>Planktic foraminiferal-based trace element-calcium ratios (TE/Ca) are a cornerstone in paleoceanographic reconstructions. While TE-environment calibrations are often established through culturing experiments, shell growth in culture is not always consistent with growth in a natural setting. For example, many species of planktic foraminifera thicken their shell at the end of their life cycle, producing a distinct 'gametogenic' crust. Crust is common in fossil foraminifers, however, shells grown in culture do not often develop a thick crust. Here we investigate potential vital effects associated with the crusting process by comparing the trace element (Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca, Mn/Ca, Zn/Ca) and stable isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>18</sup>O) composition of alive, fully mature, uncrusted shells to recently deceased, crusted shells of <em>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</em> collected from the same plankton tows off the Oregon (USA) coast. We find that uncrusted (N = 55) shells yield significantly higher Ba/Ca, Na/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Sr/Ca than crusted (N = 66) shells, and crust calcite records significantly lower TE/Ca values for all elements examined. Isotopic mixing models suggest that the crust calcite accounts for ~40 to 70% of crusted shell volume. Comparison of foraminiferal and seawater isotopes indicate that <em>N. pachyderma</em> lives in the upper 90 m of the water column, and that crust formation occurs slightly deeper than their average living depth habitat. Results highlight the necessity to establish calibrations from crusted shells, as application of calibrations from TE-enriched uncrusted shells may yield attenuated or misleading paleoceanographic reconstructions.</p>
DNA-PKcs RNASeq data: DNA-PKcs wilde-type or kinase-dead protein regulate basal and etoposide-induced gene expression changes
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Ecological significance of standing dead phytomass: marcescence as a puzzle piece to the nutrient cycle in temperate ecosystems
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Data from: A literature synthesis resolves litter intrinsic constraints on fungal dynamics and decomposition across standing dead macrophytes
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Oak wilt disease may reduce the initial decay rate of dead Quercus serrata stems by altering wood-inhabiting fungal communities
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Data from: Testing for human impacts in the mismatch of living and dead ostracode assemblages at nested spatial scales in subtropical lakes from the Bahamian archipelago
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Data from: Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests
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Efficacy of prophylaxis dose and duration on host defense against the deadly chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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Suspended sections within downed dead wood are drier, have altered decomposer communities, and slower decomposition
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma LA-ICP-MS spectral files and stable isotope data from: Geochemical differences between alive, uncrusted and dead, crusted shells of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma: Implications for paleoreconstruction
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Data from: Historical demography of four gecko species specializing in boulder cave habitat – its implications in the evolutionary dead end hypothesis and conservation
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Data from: Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO2 emissions from dead wood in a natural forest
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Data from: “Dead birds flying”: Can North American rehabilitated raptors released into the wild mitigate anthropogenic mortality?
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Dead mammal walking: a month-long march by a bison (Bison bison) after an ungulate-vehicle collision
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Dead tree removal after drought mortality increases understory plant diversity in a mixed conifer forest
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Data from: Belowground community turnover accelerates the decomposition of standing dead wood
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Data from: Differing thermal sensitivities in a host-parasitoid interaction: high, fluctuating developmental temperatures produce dead wasps and giant caterpillars
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Beetle diversity in dead wood is lower in non-native than native tree species, especially those more distantly related to native species
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.