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468 results for “decidualization”
Data from: Deciduous forests hold conservation value for birds within South Andaman Island, India
<p>We assessed the importance of deciduous and evergreen habitats for forest birds (including several endemic and threatened species) within South Andaman Island, India. To this end, we compared the composition and diversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) of forest birds across the two habitat types, and evaluted species-specific responses to habitat variables within the island.</p> <p>The dataset collected and R codes used in this study are published here. Bird species traits were sourced from Tobias et al. (2022) and Wilman et al. (2014). Phylogenetic trees were sourced from <a href="https://birdtree.org/">birdtree.org</a> (Jetz et al. 2012).</p> <p><br><strong>Taxonomic Coverage: </strong>Birds, 54 species</p> <p><strong>Geographic Coverage:</strong> South Andaman Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India</p> <p><strong>Temporal Coverage:</strong> March-May 2022 and December 2022-April 2023</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Brief summary of field methods: </strong><br>We conducted line-transect surveys for forest birds across evergreen and deciduous forests in South Andaman Island, India. <br>Twenty-seven transects were sampled either in the morning (between 0515 – 0930 hrs) or in the afternoon (between 1515 – 1730 hrs) from March-May 2022 and December 2022-April 2023. For every bird detected, we noted species identity, group size (if visible), time of detection, and whether the bird(s) was seen or heard. Detections of flying birds and nocturnal species (owls and nightjars) were excluded.<br>For each transect, we measured - <br>a. tree density and basal area (using the point-centered quarter method, or PCQ); <br>b. canopy cover, proportion of deciduous trees, and presence of cane, bamboo runners and clumps of standing bamboo (averaged across PCQ points);<br>c. number of large trees and cut logs (counted within a 20m-wide belt along each transect); and <br>d. distance from nearest settlement/village (using Google Earth Pro).</p> <p>The dataset published here contains eight data files and two R code files, along with a <strong>ReadMe.txt</strong> file that explains each of these files.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Funding:</strong></p> <p>Science and Engineering Research Board (Govt. of India) - SRG/2021/001523</p> <p>The Rufford Foundation</p> <p>The Rauf Ali Fellowship</p> <p>Arvind Datar</p> <p>Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann, and A. O. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491:444–448.<br>Tobias, J. A., C. Sheard, A. L. Pigot, A. J. M. Devenish, J. Yang, et al. 2022. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters 25:581–597.<br>Wilman, H., J. Belmaker, J. Simpson, C. de la Rosa, M. M. Rivadeneira, and W. Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world’s birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027–2027.</p>
American Mastodon. 2nd deciduous premolar.
American mastodon (*Mammut americanum*). Saltville, VA. Pleistocene. 2nd deciduous premolar. Excavated by ETSU Center of Excellence paleontology, June 2019, FN20190529-004. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 28 in Population ecology of Ctenolepisma (C.) udumalpetense (Insecta: Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in a deciduous forest floor of the Trimurti Dam, Tamil Nadu, India
Figure 28. Regression of Temperature on C. (C.) udumalpetense population in third row.
Figure 21 in Population ecology of Ctenolepisma (C.) udumalpetense (Insecta: Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in a deciduous forest floor of the Trimurti Dam, Tamil Nadu, India
Figure 21. Regression of humidity on C. (C.) udumalpetense population in first row.
Figure 20 in Population ecology of Ctenolepisma (C.) udumalpetense (Insecta: Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in a deciduous forest floor of the Trimurti Dam, Tamil Nadu, India
Figure 20. Regression of Temperature on C. (C.) udumalpetense population in first row.
Figure 22 in Population ecology of Ctenolepisma (C.) udumalpetense (Insecta: Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in a deciduous forest floor of the Trimurti Dam, Tamil Nadu, India
Figure 22 Regression of N (%) on C. (C.) udumalpetense population in first row.
Figure. Camera traps points (l) in study area. in Camera trapping of medium and large-sized mammals in western Black Sea deciduous forests in Turkey
Figure. Camera traps points (l) in study area.
FIGURE 9 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence of Bothriogenys fraasi (Anthracotheriidae, Artiodactyla) from the Fayum Depression, Egypt
FIGURE 9. Comparison of the different stages (I-V) of the eruption sequence of Bothriogenys fraasi.
Figure 3 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 3. Morphological characterization of the galls induced by arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil: (A, B, C) Fabaceae – Dalbergia sp.; (D) undetermined; (E, F, G) Loganiaceae – Sthrychnos sp.; (H) Opiliaceae – Agonandra brasiliensis; (I) Sapindaceae – Serjania sp.; (J) Vitaceae – Cissus sp.; (K) Undetermined family 1; and (L) Undetermined family 2.
Figure 2 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 2. Morphological characterization of the galls induced by arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): (A) Anacardiaceae – Myracrodruon urundeuva; (B) Schinopsis brasiliensis; (C, D) Asteraceae – Vernonanthura brasiliana; (E) Bignoniaceae undetermined; (F, G) Cannabaceae – Celtis brasiliensis; (H) Combretaceae – Combretum leprosum; (I) Combretum duarteanum; (J) Terminalia phaeocarpa; (K) Cucurbitaceae undetermined; (L) Fabaceae – Anadenanthera colubrine; (M, N) Apuleia leiocarpa; (O) Bauhinia pulchela; and (P) Bauhinia rufa.
Figure 1 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 1. Location and characterization of the study area. (A) Location of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil), between the urban area of Montes Claros and Parque Estadual da Lapa Grande. Source: Google Earth.(B) Characterization of the vegetation in the rainy season.(C) Characterization of the vegetation in the dry season.
Figure 6 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 6. Comparison of the richness of gall morphotypes between different sampling seasons in the deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil). (A) Comparison of the richness of gall morphotypes between the rainy and dry seasons. (B) Richness of gall morphotypes in the preserved and anthropized plots during the rainy and dry seasons.
Connectivity and succession of open structures as a key to sustaining light-demanding biodiversity in deciduous forests
<p>1. European forests are facing a rapid decline of light-demanding biota. This has prompted active interventions to re-establish and maintain partial habitat openness in protected areas. Managers of protected areas, however, need substantially more scientific evidence to support their decisions on where, when, and how to intervene.</p> <p>2. We investigated the importance of spatial continuity of open forest habitats in different years of succession, using six pairs of experimental clearings established in the formerly open, oak-dominated forests of the Podyji National Park (Czech Republic). In each pair, one clearing was connected to the forest edge, while the other was isolated in closed forest. We sampled butterflies (74 spp.), moths (435 spp.), saproxylic beetles (465 spp.), and vascular plants (567 spp.) on the 12 clearings during the first five years of succession. We then compared species richness, abundance, and composition of the four taxa between the two clearing types and along the succession.</p> <p>3. All studied insect groups were substantially more species-rich and more abundant in connected than in isolated clearings. Species composition of plants, moths, and butterflies differed between the clearing types.</p> <p>4. The number of species of all studied taxa generally increased from the first to the second or third year after cutting; species composition of all taxa differed among years. This suggests rapid changes in habitat quality and thus limited time for colonisation by light-demanding organisms.</p> <p>5. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>: Our results offer an evidence that spatial connectivity and rapid temporal dynamics are important habitat features for light-demanding insects. Attempts to create or restore habitats for light-demanding forest biota should take into account that: (i) Insects benefit from direct connection of new open patches to open habitats or flight corridors such as forest edges. (ii) Considering plants, the optimal solution is to connect newly created open forest habitats to existing habitats with established biota of high conservation value. (iii) Interventions should be carried out within short time intervals, i.e. within years rather than decades. (iv) A fine mosaic of interconnected<span>, open woodland patches in various successional stages is more beneficial than a single large patch with a single successional stage.</span></p>
No risk – no fun: Penalty and recovery from spring frost damages in deciduous temperate trees
<p>Phenological shifts in response to changing climatic conditions are a key acclimation process for the persistence of perennial plants in temperate and boreal climates. The optimal time to leaf-out is the result of evolutionary processes determined by the trade-off between minimizing the risk of freezing damages and herbivory pressure while maximizing resource uptake to increase competitiveness against the other plants.</p> <p>We quantified the penalty exerted by frost exposure at the time of leaf emergence on plant development (reduction in leaf area, canopy duration, and growth) over the potential gains without frost (increased biomass and non-structural carbohydrate reserves), depending on when leaf-out occurs. To this purpose, we exposed 960 saplings of four temperate deciduous tree species with contrasting cold hardiness to two frost intensities shortly after leaf emergence, which was artificially induced at four occasions to reflect the whole range of natural leaf-out dates.</p> <p>One year above-ground biomass (AGB) increments following the frost revealed a clear ranking among the species depending on their strategy to cope with damaging frosts. Prunus avium (-41% of AGB-increment compared to control saplings) resprouted from the stem base, Quercus robur (-62%) rapidly produced new leaves from dormant reserve buds, Fagus sylvatica (-98%) showed the highest chlorophyll content in autumn and delayed senescence together with Carpinus betulus (-105%), which overcompensated NSC reserves after the growing season but showed highest mortality (up to 32%). In all species, NSC reserves recovered rapidly their initial stage at the expense of growth.</p> <p>The timing of leaf-out (advanced and delayed artificially) significantly affected the performance and recovery (regreening and growth) of both frozen and non-frozen saplings, with the lowest performance found at the most delayed leaf-out date. We propose that the potential to recover from frost damages is an important component of a tree's performance, particularly at the juvenile stage. The ability to recover may become even more decisive in the future with the predicted increase of false springs in many extra-tropical regions.</p>
Figure 5 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus
Figure 5. Dasyurus albopunctatus pouch young (AMNH 195149, 12 mm head length). Scale bar is 5 mm.
The use of plant, bacterial and fungal resources in soil food webs of ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhiza-dominated deciduous forests
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Varying impacts of logging frequency on tree communities and carbon storage across evergreen and deciduous tropical forests in the Andaman Islands, India
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Data from: Fungal and beetle diversity in deciduous fine woody debris in spruce-dominated forests in relation to substrate quantity and quality
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Data from: Links between leaf morphology and ecological strategy across secondary succession in a temperate deciduous forest (North Carolina, USA): Implications for the fossil record
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No risk – no fun: Penalty and recovery from spring frost damages in deciduous temperate trees
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