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611 results for “eastern North America”
FIGURE 5 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 5: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. integument (A-C. light micrographs; D-E. LT-SEM): A – surface-level view depicting many depressions, each containing many pits, note muscle scars are not yet in-focus; B – mid-level view depicting tubular 'trunks' formed by the convergence of the branches from each pit; C – bottom-level view depicting bases of trunks, note that the muscle scars are infocus; D – surface-level view of a single depression containing many pits that represent the openings of the many internal branches; E – lateral aspect of idiosoma with a tear between the dorsum and venter, note the surface-level depressions on the dorsum (top) and inner-level openings of the 'trunks' into the body on the venter (bottom).
FIGURE 2 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 2: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. morphs (A-D compound light micrographs; E-F stereomicrographs): A – Morph I female, note large dorsal spots, pigmented gnathosoma and venter (within area of primary sclerotization), and orange legs; B – Morph II female, note small dorsal spots, and colorless gnathosoma, legs, and venter (except for genital plate); C – Morph I male (note same coloration as female); D – Morph II male (note same coloration as female but with hind coxae pigmented); E-F – Dorsal habitus of Morph I & II, respectively.
FIGURE 13 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 13: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. pedipalp (LT-SEM): A-B – medial (A) and lateral (B) view of genu depicting medial placement of disto-ventral dentate projections; C-D – lateral (C) and inner (D) detail of femoral projection; E – lateral detail of mid-ventral tibial spines. Fringed spatulate setae (fss); long simple setae (lss); short grooved setae (sgs).
Validation of a new spatially-explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex stands in Eastern North-America : Dataset
<p>This dataset is linked to the paper “Validation of a new spatially-explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex stands in Eastern North-America" published in Geoscientific Model Development (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1661-2023). It contains the installer of the model, its user guide, as well as all the input files (inventory, thinning, meteorology and soil horizons files for each stand used in the evaluation and calibration steps), the R scripts and associated data used to analyse the model outputs.</p>
Leprocaulon beechingii (Leprocaulaceae), a new species from the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America
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Mycorrhizal colonization and root diameter of native and invasive plants of eastern North America
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Data from: A review of the lichen genus Phlyctis in North America (Phlyctidaceae) including the description of a new widespread saxicolous species from eastern North America
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A revision of Hypotrachyna subgenus Parmelinopsis (Parmeliaceae) in eastern North America
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Data from: Patterns of biodiverse, understudied groups do not mirror those of the surrogate groups that set conservation priorities: a case study from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America
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Data from: Differing climatic mechanisms control transient and accumulated vegetation novelty in Europe and eastern North America
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Population genetics and biogeography of the lungwort lichen in North America support distinct Eastern and Western gene pools
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Data from: Lecanora caperatica (Lecanoraceae, lichenized ascomycetes) a new sorediate species widespread in eastern North America
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Foliar endophyte diversity in eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct tree species – Influences of host identity, environment, phylogeny, and geographic isolation
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Comparative bioacoustics of multiple eastern versus western songbird pairs in North America reveals a gradient of song divergence: Raw acoutic measurements
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Westward range expansion from middle latitudes explains the Mississippi River discontinuity in a forest herb of eastern North America
<p>It is often expected that temperate plants have expanded their geographic ranges northward from primarily southern refugia. Evidence for this hypothesis is mixed in eastern North American species, and there is increasing support for colonization from middle latitudes. We studied genome-wide patterns of variation in RADseq loci to test hypotheses concerning range expansion in a North American forest herb (<i>Campanula americana</i>). First, spatial patterns of genetic differentiation were determined. Then phylogenetic relationships and divergence times were estimated. Spatial signatures of genetic drift were also studied to identify the directionality of recent range expansion and its geographic origins. Finally, spatially explicit scenarios for the spread of plants across the landscape were compared, using variation in the population mutation parameter and Tajima's D. We found strong longitudinal subdivision, with populations clustering into groups west and east of the Mississippi River. While the southeastern region was likely part of a diverse Pleistocene refugium, there is little evidence that range expansion involved founders from these southern locales. Instead, declines in genetic diversity and the loss of rare alleles support a westward colonization wave from a middle latitude refugium near the southern Appalachian Mountains, with subsequent expansion from a Pleistocene staging ground in the Mississippi River Valley (0.51 - 1.27 Mya). These analyses implicate stepping stone colonization from middle latitudes as an important mechanism of species range expansion in eastern North America. This study further demonstrates the utility of population genetics as a tool to infer the routes traveled by organisms during geographic range expansion.</p>
Critical seed transfer distances for selected tree species in eastern North America
<p>Forest planting events present key opportunities to enhance forest adaptation and growth through the selection of appropriate growing materials (seeds and seedlings). Critical to such efforts is knowledge of the climatic distance that seed sources can be moved before significant growth forfeitures are incurred. These limits, referred to here as critical seed transfer distances (CSTD), can be used to identify a potential seed procurement region for any given planting site and can readily incorporate climate change projections. We assembled provenance trial data from a variety of sources and employed transfer functions to derive CSTDs for five major tree species in eastern North America. Calculated transfer limits were large, indicating that seed sources could be moved significant climatic distances before height growth was less than 90 percent relative to that of the local seed source. These broad relationships would allow considerable flexibility in resulting seed transfer systems; however, given the significant uncertainty surrounding climate change – particularly in the location and timing of extreme weather events – prudent application of seed transfer limits may be appropriate. Synthesis: We assembled and analyzed a significant amount of provenance data to derive novel information on seed movement limits for five tree species in eastern North America. This information will support forest managers in ongoing efforts to incorporate climate change into forest regeneration operations.</p>
Data from: Herbivory and pollen limitation at the upper elevational range limit of two forest understory plants of eastern North America
Studies of species' range limits focus most often on abiotic factors, although the strength of biotic interactions might also vary along environmental gradients and have strong demographic effects. For example, pollinator abundance might decrease at range limits due to harsh environmental conditions, and reduced plant density can reduce attractiveness to pollinators and increase or decrease herbivory. We tested for variation in the strength of pollen limitation and herbivory by ungulates along a gradient leading to the upper elevational range limits of Trillium erectum (Melanthiaceae) and Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae) in Mont-Mégantic National Park, Québec, Canada. In T. erectum, pollen limitation was higher at the range limit, but seed set decreased only slightly with elevation and only in one of two years. In contrast, herbivory of T. erectum increased from <10% at low elevations to >60% at the upper elevational range limit. In E. americanum, we found no evidence of pollen limitation despite a significant decrease in seed set with elevation, and herbivory was low across the entire gradient. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for relatively strong negative interactions (herbivory) and weak positive interactions (pollination) at plant range edges, although this was clearly species-specific. To the extent that these interactions have important demographic consequences – highly likely for herbivory on Trillium, based on previous studies – such interactions might play a role in determining plant species' range limits along putatively climatic gradients.
Data from: Leaf form and photosynthetic physiology of Dryopteris species distributed along light gradients in eastern North America
1.Despite the ubiquity of ferns and at least tacit recognition by botanists that their physiology is unique among land plants, most studies on fern physiology have focused on only a few, locally distributed, usually distantly related species. No previous study has attempted to examine physiological adaptations in a group of widespread taxa that are closely related and whose relationships are well understood. Here we report leaf form and physiological measures for such a group, the eleven eastern North American species of Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae), and examine differences in these parameters for evidence of adaptation to light availability. 2.Economic theory predicts that species from sunnier habitats should have narrower, more steeply inclined leaves, lower specific leaf area, higher stomatal density, higher rates of maximum photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance, and require more light to saturate photosynthesis. Species should show adaptive cross-over in net carbon uptake per unit leaf mass, with a relative advantage by sun-associated species at high photon flux densities (PFDs) and by shade-associated species at low PFDs. 3.Field studies allow us to begin characterizing the range of native light environments occupied by members of this group, and to examine interspecific variation in several aspects of leaf form and photosynthetic light response for evidence of adaption to light availability. We also present a novel means for incorporating phylogeny in tests of correlated evolution in a reticulate lineage. 4.Synthesis. Observed trends in physiology and morphology generally agree with qualitative predictions, but are often not statistically significant. We found no support for adaptive cross-over in mass-based carbon uptake, and thus for light availability being the most important variable driving morphological and physiological adaptation in these ferns. We propose that hydraulic factors related to water balance may have played a larger role in determining their morphological and physiological variation. Allopolyploid hybrids did not show transgression in any physiological parameter that may have allowed them to coexist regionally with their parents. The results of our phylogenetically-structured analyses highlight the importance of incorporating phylogeny into comparative studies, particularly when hybrid or polyploid taxa are present.
Data from: Herteliana schuyleriana (Squamarinaceae), a new crustose lichen widespread in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America
Herteliana schuyleriana is described as new to science based on collections from throughout the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. Taxonomic placement is inferred from molecular phylogenic analysis of mtSSU sequence data that recovered the taxon as sister to the type species of Herteliana, H. gagei, and strongly supported these taxa as embedded within the Squamarinaceae. The new species is characterized by its occurrence on non-calcareous shaded rocks in inland forested habitats (vs. exposed maritime oceanic habitats), its greenish-blue crustose thallus, presence of abundant blastidia on the thallus surface, frequent sterility, and by the production of roccellic/angardianic acid together with occasional trace amounts of psoromic acid as accessories to atranorin.
Data from: A review of the lichens of the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina, eastern North America
The results of a large-scale biodiversity inventory of lichens (including lichenicolous and allied fungi) in the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot (DRBH) are presented. The DRBH is a region within the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain (MACP) of eastern North America that was recently delineated based on its unique and diverse lichen communities relative to other areas of the Atlantic Coast. Drawing on 4,952 newly generated voucher specimens from 49 sites, patterns of biodiversity and biogeography are presented and discussed within the context of both the DRBH and the broader MACP. Relationships between natural communities, vegetation, and lichen communities are discussed, as are threats to the lichen biota. A series of conservation actions are presented together with avenues for future study. In addition, supplementary resources are provided in the form of: (a) a checklist of DRBH lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi; (b) keys to DRBH lichens and lichenicolous and allied fungi; and (c) formal descriptions of the following species new to science that were discovered during the inventory: Albemarlea pamlicoensis gen. et. sp. nov., Arthonia agelastica sp. nov. (on Lecanora louisianae B. de Lesd.), Arthonia hodgesii sp. nov. (on Graphis lineola), Arthonia stevensoniana sp. nov. (on Haematomma accolens), Lichenochora haematommatum sp. nov. (on Haematomma persoonii), Megalaria alligatorensis sp. nov., Minutoexcipula miniatoexcipula sp. nov. (on Pertusaria epixantha), Trichosphaerella buckii sp. nov. (on Punctelia rudecta).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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