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FIGURE 6. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 6. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., scanning electron micrographs. A—operculum, B—middle (below) and inner (center to upper) paleae, C—close-up of outer paleae, D—E—distal end of outer paleae, F—nuchal spines, G—abdominal uncini. Scales on images. Scale: 0.2mm in A, 0.1mm in B, D, 0.05mm in C, E, 0.02mm in F, 0.01mm in G.

FIGURE 5. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 5. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., outline drawings of paleae, chaetae, hooks and uncini. A—outer paleae, B, C—middle paleae, D—inner paleae, E–H—distal end of outer paleae, I—nuchal hook (spine), J—parathoracic chaetae, K—thoracic chaetae, L—abdominal uncini. E–L are drawn from SEM figures. Scale: 100 µm in A—I, 20 µm in J and K, 10 µm in L.

FIGURE 2. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 2. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., outline drawings of the holotype. A—anterior end, lateral view, B—same, ventral view, C—same, dorsal view, D—anterior view of opercular disc showing the rows of paleae. Scales 1mm (upper in A-C, lower in D).

FIGURE 4. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 4. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., compound microscope images. A–C—outer paleae, D—middle paleae, E—inner paleae, F—nuchal spines. Scale: 0.2mm in A, B, D, E, 0.05mm in C, 0.025mm in F.

FIGURE 8. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 8. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., light and compound microscope images of abdominal and caudal features. A—first two abdominal chaetigers abdominal notopodia and neuropodia, B—posterior abdominal chaetigers and cauda, dorsal view, Csame, lateral view, D—same ventral view, E—abdominal neurochaetae, F—uncini anterior abdominal chaetigers, G—same, mid-abdominal chaetigers, H, I—same, posterior abdominal chaetigers. Scale: 0.5mm in A-D, 0.02mm in E-I.

FIGURE 1 in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 1. Map of the Malay Archipelago and Jeram Beach. A—Malay Peninsula, B—Jeram Beach (with an arrow) and adjacent area: detail of arrowed site in A near Kuala Lumpur, C—view of Sabellaria jeramae n. sp. reef, D and E – detail of small clumps of Sabellaria jeramae n. sp.

FIGURE 3. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 3. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., light microscope images of a paratype (AM W. 47951). A—complete specimen, ventral view, B—anterior end, ventral view, C—anterior end, dorsal view, D—anterior end, side view, showing rows of tentacular filaments (lines), E—detail of the edge of operculum, with opercular papillae and tentacular filaments, F—longitudinal section showing structures between opercular lobes, G—detail of median organ and median ridge, H—arrangement of paleae. Abbreviations: bo, buccal organ; br2, br3, branchial chaetigers 2, 3; ip, inner paleae; mo, median organ; mp, middle paleae; mr, median ridge; op, outer paleae; pa, opercular papillae; tf, tentacular filaments. Scale: 2mm in A, 1mm in B-D, F, 0.5mm in E, G, H.

FIGURE 7. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

FIGURE 7. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., stereo and compound microscope images of thoracic and parathoracic features. Aparathorax, dorsal view, B—same, anterio-lateral view, C—same, lateral view, D—thoracic branchiae, E—detail of branchial ciliation, F—details of branchial glands, G—interior of parathoracic chaetigers filled with eggs, H—detail of eggs, Ineurochaetae of chaetiger 1, J—notochaetae of chaetiger 2, K—parathoracic notochaetae, L—detail of distal ends of parathoracic oar-like notochaetae, M—detail of distal end of parathoracic thin capillary notochaetae, N—parathoracic neurochaetae. Abbreviations: bo, buccal organ; ch1–3, chaetiger 1–3; cn1, cirrus neuropodium chaetiger 1; ll, lateral lobe; ne3– 5, neuropodia chaetiger 3–5; no3–5, notopodia chaetigers 3–5. Scale: 1mm in A, B, 0.5mm in C, D, G, 0.25mm in E, 0.1mm in K, N, 0.05mm in F, H, 0.02mm in I, J, K, M.

Fig. 3 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants

Fig. 3. Mapped lateral eye positions according to ecology. Species indicated by circles, squares represent mean values for ecological binnings. (A) Eye position, both dorsoventral and anteroposterior, mapped on a theoretical ant head. Colors are indicative of foraging niche. (B) Eye position measurements with colors indicating trophic level. Illustrated head proportions based on ratio of mean head length and depth in lateral view across taxa sampled; head length is approximately 40% greater than head depth in profile view on average.

Fig. 1 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants

Fig. 1. Variation among vision-based traits across sampled taxa. Pruned phylogenetic tree from Blanchard and Moreau (2017) with log adjusted ommatidia density mapped along branches.The raw units for ommatidia density are ommatidia per 1mm2. Ecological niche occupation indicated with icons and bar graph colors, includes foraging niche and trophic level. (Right) Eye area normalized by frontal head area across sampled species. Corresponding PGLS results in Fig. 2, Table 2.

Fig. 5 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants

Fig. 5. Visual acuity and trophic level. (Left) Variation between eye area and ommatidia number across sampled ant species.Trophic level information displays omnivorous (n = 31) and predatory (n = 28) ant species. Unknowns are also included (n = 11).Trendline shows linear regression of ommatidia number and eye area (R2 = 0.7908, P = <2.2 x 10–16). Both measurements are scaled by frontal head area. (Right) Simplified, hypothetical representation of visual acuity based on ommatidia number.

Fig. 4 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares regression of scape length and eye traits. Results of linear regressions of visual traits against scape length; (A) ommatidia density R2 = 0.1754, P = 0.0004615; (B) eye height R2 = 0.4735, P = 5.40 x 10–10; (C) dorsoventral eye position R = 0.1365, P = 0.001975; (D) anteroposterior eye position R2 = 0.1286, P = 0.002643. Scape and eye height are scaled by head area. All specimens were included in analyses (n = 64); PGLS relationships from Blanchard and Moreau 2017. ** denotes P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001.

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Micro-personality traits and their implications for behavioural and movement ecology research

<ol> <li>Many animal personality traits have implicit movement‐based definitions, and can directly or indirectly influence ecological and evolutionary processes. It has therefore been proposed that animal movement studies could benefit from acknowledging and studying consistent inter-individual differences (personality), and, conversely, animal personality studies could adopt a more quantitative representation of movement patterns.</li> <li>Using high-resolution tracking data of three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we examined the repeatability of four movement parameters commonly used in the analysis of discrete time-series movement data (time stationary, step-length, turning angle, burst frequency), and four behavioural parameters commonly used in animal personality studies (distance travelled, space use, time in free water, time near objects).</li> <li>Fish showed repeatable inter-individual differences in both movement and behavioural parameters when observed in a simple environment with two, three, or five shelters present. Moreover, individuals that spend less time stationary, take more direct paths and less commonly burst travel (movement parameters), were found to travel farther, explored more of the tank, and spent more time in open water (behavioural parameters).</li> <li>Our case-study indicates that the two approaches – quantifying movement and behavioural parameters – are broadly equivalent, and we suggest that movement parameters can be viewed as "micro-personality" traits that give rise to broad-scale consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour. This finding has implications for both personality and movement ecology research areas. For example, the study of movement parameters may provide a robust way to analyse individual personalities in species that are difficult or impossible to study using standardised behavioural assays. </li> </ol>

Figure 9 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues

Figure 9. Percentage of Mecicobothrium thorelli individuals in each category on the surveyed dates. YJ: young juveniles; OJ: old juveniles; F: females; M: males.

Figure 6 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues

Figure 6. (a) Proportion of juvenile and adult individuals found in small (<35 cm) and large refuges (> 35 cm). (b) Selectivity of Mecicobothrium thorelli for different sizes of refuges. Values above 1, equal to 1, and below 1 indicate positive selectivity, no selectivity, and negative selectivity, respectively.

Figure 5 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues

Figure 5. Individuals' mean temperature, substrate and refuges where they were found on the surveyed dates.

Figure 4 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues

Figure 4. Environmental temperature (°C) and relative humidity (RH%) registered at the four levels in the study site.

Figure 7 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues

Figure 7. Total number of individuals of the different categories. YJ: young juveniles; OJ: old juveniles; F: females; M: males.

Figure 3 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues

Figure 3. (a) Individual of Mecicobothrium thorelli (yellow arrow) in a refuge found under a rock. (b) Photographic record of an individual of Mecicobthruim thorelli on the acrylic device with calibrated paper.