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193 results for “ectomycorrhizal”
Archive data supporting the results in the paper: Long-term soil warming alters fine root dynamics and morphology, and their ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate forest soil"
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Data from: Limitation of seedling growth by potassium and magnesium supply for two ectomycorrhizal tree species of a Central African rain forest and its implication for their recruitment
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Data from: Mycelia-derived C contributes more to nitrogen cycling than root-derived C in ectomycorrhizal alpine forests
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Allopatric instead of parapatric divergence in an ectomycorrhizal fungus (Laccaria trichodermophora) in tropical sky-islands
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Data from: Species turnover (β diversity) in ectomycorrhizal fungi linked to NH4+ uptake capacity
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Data from: Genetically determined fungal pathogen tolerance and soil variation influences ectomycorrhizal traits of loblolly pine
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Nutrient trade-offs mediated by ectomycorrhizal strategies in plants: Evidence from an Abies species in subalpine forest
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Transcriptional acclimation and spatial differentiation characterize drought response by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus pungens
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Ectomycorrhizal fungal community assembly on seedlings of a Neotropical monodominant tree
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Data from: Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long-term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic
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Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity predicted to substantially decline due to climate changes in North American Pinaceae forests.
<p>AIM: Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are partners in a globally distributed tree symbiosis implicated in most major ecosystem functions. However, resilience of ECMF to future climates is uncertain. We forecast these changes over the extent of North American Pinaceae forests.</p> <p>LOCATION: 68 sites from North American Pinaceae forests ranging from Florida to Ontario in the east and southern California to Alaska in the west.</p> <p>TAXON: Ectomycorrhizal fungi (Asco- and Basidiomycetes).</p> <p>METHODS: We characterized ECMF communities at each site using molecular methods and modeled climatic drivers of diversity and community composition with general additive, generalized dissimilarity models, and Taxonomic Indicator Threshold Analysis (TITAN). Next, we projected our models across the extent of North American Pinaceae forests and forecast ECMF responses to climate changes in these forests over the next 50 years.</p> <p>RESULTS: We predict median declines in ECMF species richness as high as 26% in Pinaceae forests throughout a climate zone comprising more than 3.5 million square kilometers of North America (an area twice that of Alaska state). Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions can reduce these declines, but not prevent them. The existence of multiple diversity optima along climate gradients suggest regionally divergent trajectories for North American ECMF, which is corroborated by corresponding ECMF community thresholds identified in TITAN models. Warming of forests along the boreal-temperate ecotone results in projected ECMF species loss and declines in the relative abundance of long-distance foraging ECMF species, whereas warming of eastern temperate forests has the opposite effect.</p> <p>MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal potentially unavoidable ECMF species-losses over the next 50 years, which is likely to have profound (if yet unclear) effects of ECMF associated biogeochemical cycles.</p>
Anthropogenic disturbance impacts ectomycorrhizal communities and abiotic soil properties: implications for an endemic forest disease
<p>In forest ecosystems, habitat fragmentation negatively impacts stand structure and biodiversity; the resulting fragmented patches of forest have distinct, disturbed edge habitats that experience different environmental conditions than the interiors of the fragments. In southwest Western Australia, there is a large-scale decline of the keystone tree species <i>Corymbia calophylla </i>following fragmentation and land use change. These changes have altered stand structure and increased their susceptibility to an endemic fungal pathogen, <i>Quambalaria coyrecup</i>, which causes chronic canker disease especially along disturbed forest habitats. However, the impacts of fragmentation on belowground processes in this system are not well understood. We examined the effects of fragmentation on abiotic soil properties and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities, and whether these belowground changes were drivers of disease incidence. We collected soil from 17 sites across the distribution range of <i>C. calophylla. </i>Soils were collected across a gradient from disturbed, diseased areas to undisturbed, disease-free areas. We analysed soil nutrients and grew <i>C</i>. <i>calophylla </i>plants as a bioassay host. Seedlings were harvested and roots collected after six months of growth. DNA was extracted from the roots, amplified using fungal specific primers and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Concentrations of key soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were much higher along the disturbed, diseased edges in comparison to undisturbed areas. Disturbance altered the community composition of ECM and AMF; however, only ECM communities had lower rarefied richness and diversity along the disturbed, diseased areas compared to undisturbed areas. Accounting for effects of disturbance, ECM diversity and leaf litter depth were highly correlated with increased disease incidence in <i>C. calophylla</i>. In the face of global change, increased virulence of an endemic pathogen has emerged in this Mediterranean-type forest.</p>
Data from: Measuring ectomycorrhizal fungal dispersal: macroecological patterns driven by microscopic propagules
Dispersal plays a prominent role in most conceptual models of community assembly. However, direct measurement of dispersal across a whole community is difficult at ecologically relevant spatial scales. For cryptic organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, the scale and importance of dispersal limitation has become a major point of debate. We use an experimental island biogeographic approach to measure the effects of dispersal limitation on the ecological dynamics of an important group of plant symbionts, ectomycorrhizal fungi. We manipulated the isolation of uncolonized host seedlings across a natural landscape and used a range of molecular techniques to measure dispersal rates of ectomycorrhizal propagules and host colonization. Some species were prolific dispersers, producing annual spore loads on the order of trillions of spores per km2. However, fungal propagules reaching host seedlings decreased rapidly with increasing distance from potential spore sources, causing a concomitant reduction in ectomycorrhizal species richness, host colonization, and host biomass. There were also strong differences in dispersal ability across species, which correlated well with the predictable composition of ectomycorrhizal communities associated with establishing pine forest. The use of molecular tools to measure whole community dispersal provides a direct confirmation for a key mechanism underlying island biogeography theory and has the potential to make microbial systems a model for understanding the role of dispersal in ecological theory.
Data from: The effect of drought and season on root life span in temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal tree species
1. Fine roots play a key role in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, since fine root lifespan drives soil organic C input and, thus, N availability. The two principal fungal symbioses found in temperate forest trees, ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), induce different root morphological changes upon infection, but the consequences for root lifespan are not clear. 2. We explored differences in fine root lifespan between four AM and four ECM tree species using mini-rhizotrons in a factorial drought experiment in large mesocosms. 3. Median root lifespan of young AM and ECM trees differed fundamentally in its response to soil moisture and season of root birth: ECM root lifespan was reduced from 176 to 81 d in dry soil compared to moist soil, independent of season. By contrast, AM root lifespan was less responsive to drought, but decreased from 185 to 127 d when comparing roots produced early in the growing season vs. mid-season. In both mycorrhizal types, root lifespan was positively related to root diameter and negatively to the portion of lower-order roots. 4. Synthesis. While our results indicate morphological and architectural traits that predict root lifespan across tree species, they also indicate principal differences in the environmental response of root lifespan in young AM and ECM trees. This knowledge helps to improve global predictions of root lifespan.
Data from: Beech roots are simultaneously colonized by multiple genets of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria amethystina clustered in two genetic groups
In this study we characterize and compare the genetic structure of aboveground and belowground populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria amethystina in an unmanaged mixed beech forest. Fruiting bodies and mycorrhizas of L. amethystina were mapped and collected in four plots in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Poland). A total of 563 fruiting bodies and 394 mycorrhizas were successfully genotyped using the rDNA IGS1 (intergenic spacer) and seven SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. We identified two different genetic clusters of L. amethystina in all of the plots, suggesting that a process of sympatric isolation may be occurring at a local scale. The proportion of individuals belonging to each cluster was similar among plots aboveground while it significantly differed belowground. Predominance of a given cluster could be explained by distinct host preferences or by priority effects and competition among genets. Both aboveground and belowground populations consisted of many intermingling small genets. Consequently, host trees were simultaneously colonized by many L. amethystina genets that may show different ecophysiological abilities. Our data showed that several genets may last for at least one year belowground and sustain into the next season. Ectomycorrhizal species reproducing by means of spores can form highly diverse and persistent belowground genets that may provide the host tree with higher resilience in a changing environment and enhance ecosystem performance.
Supplementary material 3 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Datafile 3
Supplementary material 1 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Datafile 1
Supplementary material 2 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Datafile 2
Supplementary material 5 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Table S1 and Figs S1–S4
Supplementary material 4 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Datafile 4
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.