Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Mucor hiemalis BO-1 on the physical functions and transcriptional signatures of Bradysia odoriphaga larvae

Mucor hiemalis BO-1 is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects Bradysia odoriphaga, a destructive root maggot. M. hiemalis BO-1 possesses stronger pathogenicity to the larvae than to other stages of B. odoriphaga and provides satisfactory field control. However, the physiological response of B. odoriphaga larvae to infection and the infection mechanism of M. hiemalis are unknown. We detected some physiological indicators of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae infected by M. hiemalis BO-1. These included changes in consumption, nutrient contents and digestive and antioxidant enzymes. We performed transcriptome analysis of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae and found that M. hiemalis BO-1 showed acute toxicity to B. odoriphaga larvae and was as toxic as some chemical pesticides. The food consumption of diseased B. odoriphaga after inoculation with M. hiemalis spores decreased significantly, and there was a significant decrease in total protein, lipid and carbohydrates in diseased larvae. Key digestive enzymes (protease, α-amylase, lipase and cellulase) were significantly inhibited during infection. Peroxidase maintained high activity, and the activity of other antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferases) first increased and then decreased. Combined with the transcriptional signatures of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae, M. hiemalis BO-1 infection resulted in decreased food consumption, reduced digestive enzyme activity and altered energy metabolism and material accumulation. Infection was also accompanied by fluctuations in immune function, such as cytochrome P450 and the Toll pathway. Therefore, our results laid a basis for the further study of the interactions between M. hiemalis BO-1 and B. odoriphaga and promoted the genetic improvement of entomopathogenic fungi.

publicAug 2024View details →

EntomoFun 1.0: A global database of entomopathogenic fungi and associations with their hosts

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicOct 2024View details →

Data from: First report of Fusarium citri as an entomopathogenic fungus mediating plant resistance against insect pests and phytopathogens

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJan 2023View details →

Effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Mucor hiemalis BO-1 on the physical functions and transcriptional signatures of Bradysia odoriphaga larvae

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

dryad32/100

Data from: Agroforestry coffee soils increase the insect-suppressive potential offered by entomopathogenic fungi over full-sun soils: a case proposing a "bait-survival technique"

Entomopathogenic fungi are important natural enemies of insects. However, there is little information on the insect-suppressive potential of these fungi and possible effects of farming management on this. Meanwhile, changes in natural landscapes due to agricultural intensification have caused considerable biodiversity loss and consequent decay of ecosystem services. However, the adoption of practices such as agroforestry in agroecosystems can foster abiotic and biotic conditions that conserve biodiversity, consequently restoring the provision of ecosystems services. Here, we assessed the effect of management systems (agroforestry or full-sun) on the pest-suppressive potential of entomopathogenic fungi in Brazilian coffee plantations. We used the insect-bait method coupled with survival analyses to assess the speed of kill by entomopathogenic fungi and their presence in soil samples from both farming systems. We found that insects exposed to agroforestry soils died more quickly than insects exposed to full-sun soils. Of the fungi isolated from the insect-baits, Metarhizium was found most frequently, followed by Beauveria. Meanwhile, Fusarium was frequently isolated as primary or secondary infections. We propose that the differential survival of insects is indicative of a greater suppressive potential by entomopathogenic fungi in agroforestry, and that this could be promoted by the diversified landscape, microclimatic stability and reduced soil disturbance in agroforestry systems. Furthermore, our results provide a useful demonstration of the potential use of the insect bait method to investigate pest suppressive potential through insect-bait mortality, and we term this the "bait survival technique".

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 17 in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 17 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis of ITS regions. The five species S. diaprepesi, S, glaseri, S. guangdongense, S. longicaudum (strains CB2B and CWL05) form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion.

FIGURE 3 in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 3. Comparative photographs of spicule shape and spicule tips of the firstgeneration male of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (A, B) and S. longicaudum (C, D). Note: Spicule tip of S. longicaudum suddenly narrow to form the tip but not for S. guangdongense n. sp. Scale bars: A, B = 20 μm, C, D = 25 μm.

FIGURE 1. Steinernema guangdongense n in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 1. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp, first generation male and infective juvenile. Scale bars: A, B,C = 50 μm, D, E. = 20 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of the firstgeneration Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. A, head of a young female showing labial (l) and cephalic (c) papillae. B, tail of a young female. C, posterior end of a male showing genital papillae (p). E, F, spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, D = 10 μm, B = 42.9 μm, C = 42.5 μm. E, F = 20 μm.

FIGURE 9. Phylogenetic relationships between 25 in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 9. Phylogenetic relationships between 25 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis of partial 28S sequences. The eight species S. guangdongense n. sp., S. longicaudum (strains CWL05, USA and CB2B) S. glaseri, S. cubanum, S. longicaudum CH, S. arenarium, S. puertoricense and S. karii form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion.

FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucronlike structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: AE = 50 μm.

FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. Lightmicroscope photographs. AB, epiptygma of the first generation females. CD, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in S. longicaudum in EF. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent postanal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)

FIGURE 6. SEM photographs of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. infective juvenile. AB, anterior region showing one lateral line, closed mouth (m), amphids (a) and cephalic (c) papillae. C, lateral field with 2 ridges (3 incisures). D, lateral field showing the change of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7 ridges. E, lateral field showing 7 ridges and the middle one (number 4) is divided into 2 making 8 ridges in lateral field. F, lateral field showing phasmid (p) and 7 ridges changing to 4 then 2. Scales: A = 6.67 μm, B = 5 μm, C = 8.60 μm, D F = 6.67 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Steinernema apuliae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern Italy

FIGURE 4. RFLP profiles for (A) Steinernema apuliae sp. n., (B) S. arenarium and (C) S. glaseri. M molecular weight markers (band sizes shown in base pairs); Sf, the ITS region from S. feltiae (UK site 76) digested with Alu I; lanes 1 to 17 the ITS region for each isolate digested with the following restriction enzymes; 1, Alu I; 2, BstO I; 3, Dde I; 4, EcoR I; 5, Hae III; 6, Hha I; 7, Hind III; 8, Hinf I; 9, Hpa II; 10, Kpn I; 11, Pst I; 12, Pvu II; 13, Rsa I; 14, Sal I; 15, Sau3A I; 16, Sau96 I; 17, Xba I.

FIGURE 2. A in Steinernema apuliae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern Italy

FIGURE 2. A, SEM second generation male of S. apuliae sp. n, dorsal view of posterior region of male and 2 pairs of adcloacal papillae (a and b), 3 pairs of papillae near tail tip; B, second generation male, Nomarski LM, esophagus and excretory pore; C, second generation male, Nomarski LM, mail tale with spicules and gubernaculum.

FIGURE 3. A in Steinernema apuliae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern Italy

FIGURE 3. A, SEM of first generation female of S. apuliae sp. n., head with 6 labial and 4 cephalic papillae; B, first generation female, Nomarski LM, tail with apical papillae or protuberance; C, SEM of first generation female, tail with apical papillae or protuberances; D, SEM of first generation female, lateral view of tail with conicallike tip and apical papilla or protuberance; E, second generation female, Nomarski LM, asymmetrical vulva; F, SEM of second generation female, asymmetrical vulva; G, SEM of second generation female, ventral view of tail with an apical protuberance; H, SEM of infective juvenile, lateral field with 8 identical ridges; I, infective juvenile, Nomarski LM, esophageal portion with excretory pore and hemizonid; L, infective juvenile, Nomarski LM, tail with hyaline portion.