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176 results for “evaporation”
Nitrogen fixation and gas exchange response to evaporative demand in soybean
<p><span>Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is increasing in many regions and has a large impact on plant productivity. A VPD increase leads to raising transpiration rate (TR) and soil-water demand, risking productivity penalties. Like water, nitrogen is critical to productivity, but the effect of VPD on legume nitrogen fixation is undocumented. To address this, we developed a portable system for quantifying nitrogen fixation noninvasively and at a high temporal resolution by tracking the rate of hydrogen gas evolution by root nodules. Combining field and controlled-environment experiments where we measured leaf gas exchange and H<sub>2</sub> production by nodules, we confirmed the ability of the system to track nitrogen-fixation dynamics. Raising VPD from 0.5 to 3 kPa within ~2.5 hrs under well-watered conditions increased nitrogen fixation by up to 25% in addition to TR, consistent with the hypothesis that raising VPD in that range might have alleviated nitrogenase feedback inhibition. Genotypic differences were found in this response, indicating a potential for breeding. Our study provides evidence for an important environmental effect on nitrogen fixation that is not taken into account in current crop and vegetation models, pointing to untapped avenues for better understanding climate change effects on legumes and nitrogen cycling. </span></p>
Soil and atmospheric drought explain the biophysical conductance responses in diagnostic and prognostic evaporation models over two contrasting European forest sites
<p>This contains the datasets and codes that were used to generate the results and discussions in the manuscript.</p>
Efficacy and Safety of Different Hyaluronic Acid Tear Substitutes Formulations in Evaporative Dry Eye
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06517667. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Study for Remote Investigation of Evaporative Dry Eye Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06976515. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Diamond Bur Microblepharoexfoliation, Intense Pulse Light and Meibomian Gland Expression for Evaporative Dry Eye
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05857579. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Clinical Study Using Eye Lipid Mobilizer (ELM) With Heat and Vibration To Treat Evaporative Dry Eye Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06242860. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Temperature on Evaporative Dry Eye
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05720754. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Ontogeny, phylogeny, and mechanisms of adaptive changes in evaporative water loss in geckos
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Data from: Evolutionary shifts in habitat aridity predict evaporative water loss across squamate reptiles
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An emerging fungal pathogen is associated with increased resting metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss rate in a winter‐active snake
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Nitrogen fixation and gas exchange response to evaporative demand in soybean
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Body temperature, evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate data for 12 southern African arid-zone passerines
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Data and code for "Predicting evaporation in stream temperature models – Penman, Dalton or something else?"
<p>The uploaded files contain the data set and code used in an empirical evaluation of the application of the Penman equation for predicting evaporation from streams.</p> <ul> <li>Fishtrap_for_stream_evap_analysis.csv - data set used in the analysis</li> <li>streamEvapAnalysis_final.r - code used to analyse the data</li> </ul>
Data from: The environmental determinants of total evaporative water loss in birds at multiple temperatures
<p>Endotherms dissipate heat to the environment to maintain a stable body temperature at high ambient temperatures, which requires them to maintain a balance between heat dissipation and water conservation. Birds are relatively small, contain a large amount of metabolically expensive tissue, and are mostly diurnal, making them susceptible to physiological challenges related to water balance and heat dissipation. We compiled total evaporative water loss (TEWL) measurements for 172 species of birds exposed to different temperatures and used comparative methods to examine their relationships with body size, ambient temperature, precipitation, diet, and diel activity cycle. TEWL in the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) was associated primarily with body mass and activity phase. Larger and more active-phase birds, with their higher metabolic rates, lost more water through evaporation than smaller, resting-phase birds, particularly at higher thermal exposures. However, maximum temperature of the natural habitat became an important determinant of TEWL when birds were exposed to temperatures exceeding the TNZ. Species from hotter climates exhibited higher TEWL. Adaptation to arid climates did not restrict evaporative water loss at thermal conditions within the TNZ, but promoted evaporative water loss at exposures above the TNZ. The TEWL of granivores, which ingest food with low water content, differed little from species with other food habitats under all thermal conditions. The effects of environmental covariates of TEWL was dissimilar across thermal exposures, suggesting no evidence for a trade-off between water conservation in the TNZ and heat dissipation at exposure to higher temperatures. Thus, birds may be able to acclimate when climate change results in the need to increase heat dissipation due to warming, except perhaps in hot, arid environments where species will need to depend heavily upon evaporative cooling to maintain homeothermy.</p>
Incorporating evaporative water loss into bioenergetic models of hibernation to test for relative influence of host and pathogen traits on white-nose syndrome
<p class="Paragraph">Hibernation consists of extended durations of torpor interrupted by periodic arousals. The 'dehydration hypothesis' proposes that hibernating mammals arouse to replenish water lost through evaporation during torpor. Arousals are energetically expensive, and increased arousal frequency can alter survival throughout hibernation. Yet we lack a means to assess the effect of evaporative water loss (EWL), determined by animal physiology and hibernation microclimate, on torpor bout duration and subsequent survival. White-nose syndrome (WNS), a devastating disease impacting hibernating bats, causes increased frequency of arousals during hibernation and EWL has been hypothesized to contribute to this increased arousal frequency. WNS is caused by a fungus, which grows well in humid hibernaculum environments and damages wing tissue important for water conservation. Here, we integrated the effect of EWL on torpor expression in a hibernation energetics model, including the effects of fungal infection, to determine the link between EWL and survival. We collected field data for <i>Myotis lucifugus, </i>a species that experiences high mortality from WNS, to gather parameters for the model. In saturating conditions, we predicted healthy bats experience minimal mortality. Infected bats, however, suffer high fungal growth in highly saturated environments, leading to exhaustion of fat stores before spring. Our results suggest that host adaptation to humid environments leads to increased arousal frequency from infection, which drives mortality across hibernaculum conditions. Our modified hibernation model provides a tool to assess the interplay between host physiology, hibernaculum microclimate, and diseases such as WNS on winter survival.</p>
Evaporation test
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Simulation of perovskite thin layer crystallization with varying evaporation rates
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Black Gold Layers Preparation via Thermal Evaporation, Material and Optical Properties, Application Potential for Gas Sensors
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Interspecific variation in evaporative water loss and temperature response, but not metabolic rate, among hibernating bats
<p>Hibernation is widespread among mammals in a variety of environmental contexts. However, few experimental studies consider interspecific comparisons, and for many unstudied (or understudied) species we must assume the underlying physiology of hibernation is comparable to the relatively few species that have been studied in detail. Studies of interspecific variation provide insight into general patterns of hibernation strategies. We studied 13 species of free-living bats, including populations spread over thousands of kilometers and diverse habitats. We measured torpid metabolic rate and evaporative water loss (two key parameters for understanding hibernation energetics) across a range of temperatures. Response to ambient temperature varied among species, but all species achieved similar minimum torpid metabolic rate. Conversely, evaporative water loss varied among species and our results suggest two general hibernation strategies in North American bats, representing high and low evaporative water loss groups. Notably, species that have suffered population declines due to white-nose syndrome fall in the high evaporative water loss group and less affected species in the low evaporative water loss group. Documenting general patterns of physiological diversity, and associated ecological implications, contributes to broader understanding of biodiversity, and may help predict which species are at greater risk of environmental and anthropogenic stressors.</p>
Urban rooftop-nesting Common Nighthawk chicks tolerate high temperatures by hyperthermia with relatively low rates of evaporative water loss
<p class="western"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Heat tolerance for many birds under climate and land use change scenarios could be compromised in the future. Common Nighthawks (</span><span><i>Chordeiles minor</i></span><span>) belong to the Caprimulgiformes, a generally heat-tolerant order, but few studies have assessed heat tolerance in Caprimulgiform chicks, which might be particularly susceptible to heat stress. In the Midwestern U.S., nighthawks primarily nest on flat graveled rooftops in urban areas, as natural nesting habitats are limited. Urban rooftop-nesting nighthawks are likely exposed to higher environmental temperatures than birds nesting at more thermally buffered natural sites and evaporative cooling might be impeded by the typically high summer humidity in their Midwest breeding range. This combination of heat and humidity might negatively impact heat tolerance of nighthawk chicks. We exposed </span>7 to 14 day-old <span>nighthawk chicks (n = 15) from rooftop nests to ambient temperatures up to 51</span>° C <span>at typical summer dew points. </span>Chicks initiated gular flutter at a mean air temperature of 42.4 ± 3.4 (SE) °C. <span>Evaporative water loss (EWL) rates increased significantly with increasing temperature above </span>44.0 ± 1.5 (SE) °C. Chicks showed little evidence of lower and upper bounds of the thermal neutral zone over the range of temperatures (30-44 °C) for which we measured oxygen consumption. Body mass loss was significantly positively correlated with temperature during heat exposure trials. Chicks tolerated ambient temperatures up to 51 °C and body temperatures up to 48 °C, which, along with the high temperatures at which gular flutter and high rates of EWL were initiated, suggest that nighthawk chicks are tolerant of high air temperatures, even with relatively high humidity. Given the high rates of mass loss and high body temperatures at hot air temperatures, chick heat tolerance mechanisms could be detrimental for rooftop-nesting nighthawks given projected increasing trends for both heat and humidity in the Midwestern U.S.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.