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FIGURE 10 in Deep-sea dragonfishes (Teleostei: Stomiiformes) collected from off northeastern Brazil, with a review of the species reported from the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone
FIGURE 10 | Chauliodus sloani, NPM 3287, 167 mm SL. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Fig. 62 in A revision of Geostiba of the West Palaearctic region. XXIII. On the Sibiota species of the Caucasus region exclusive of Turkey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Fig. 62: Type locality of Geostiba meghruica nov.sp.
Fig. 41 in A revision of Geostiba of the West Palaearctic region. XXIII. On the Sibiota species of the Caucasus region exclusive of Turkey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Fig. 41: Type locality of Geostiba unituber nov.sp.
ISIEA: An image database of social inclusion and exclusion in Asian young adults
<p> </p> <p>Here we introduce an open-access, free, and standardized set of image stimuli, the image database of social inclusion/exclusion in Asian young adults (ISIEA), which is developed and validated by our lab for academic purposes in the field of social & affective processing especially social inclusion/exclusion studies.</p> <p> </p> <p>This database contains a set of 164 images depicting social interaction scenarios under three categories of social contexts (social exclusion, social neutral, and social inclusion). Standardized assessments are provided for each image, including the traditional emotional dimensions of arousal and valence, the inclusion score which evaluates the level of perceived social inclusion, and the vicarious feeling scale which evaluates the level of affective feeling when you imagine yourself as the highlighted person in the image. Visual physical properties of each image are also provided, including luminance, contrast, complexity, and color parameters. Additionally, we offer the ratings of face component and context component for each image (see Zheng et al., 2021 below for details). These parameters (Appendix 1) would be helpful for image selection and control of confounding factors.</p> <p> </p> <p>Note: This database is freely provided for only academic purpose (including laboratory research, journal publication, academic posters, conference exhibitions, etc.). Any commercial or other non-academic use is not allowed. It is allowable to make appropriate post-processing of the images (e.g., adjustment of brightness, contrast, color, clarity, and size) for research purpose, but not allowable to maliciously modify or deface the portraits in these images. We require to cite the paper of Zheng et al. (2021) properly when using the ISIEA. You are also welcomed to cite our other studies that have already used part of the images in the database as experimental materials.</p> <p> </p> <p>Users in Mainland China can also download from the following link using Baidu Netdisk. This link allows you to select a specific category of image to download according to your needs. If you have any problems with download or application of the database, please feel free to contact Mr. Li via <a href="mailto:liyw07@outlook.com">liyw07@outlook.com</a>. You are also welcome to contact Prof. Zhang via <a href="mailto:zhangdd05@gmail.com">zhangdd05@gmail.com</a> for suggestions and collaboration. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Baidu Netdisk link: </strong>https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ekNEUxNk4ZmoZgqIWBOHNA</p> <p><strong>Code: </strong>ISIE</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Database instructions and citation:</strong></p> <p>Zheng, Z., Li, S., Mo, L., Chen, W., & Zhang, D. (2022). ISIEA: An image database of social inclusion and exclusion in young Asian adults. <em>Behavior research methods</em>, <em>54</em>(5), 2409–2421. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01736-w">https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01736-w</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Previous related articles using these images:</strong></p> <p><span>Zhao J, Mo L, Bi R, He Z, Chen Y, Xu F, Xie H, Zhang D. The VLPFC versus the DLPFC in downregulating social pain using reappraisal and distraction strategies. <em><span>The Journal of Neuroscience</span></em>, 2021, 41(6):1331-9. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1906-20.2020">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1906-20.2020</a></span></p> <p><span>Zhenhong He, Sijin Li, Licheng Mo, Zixin Zheng, Yiwei Li, Hong Li, Dandan Zhang. The VLPFC-engaged voluntary emotion regulation: Combined TMS-fMRI evidence for the neural circuit of cognitive reappraisal. <em>The Journal of Neuroscience</em>, 2023, 43(34):6046-6060. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1337-22.2023">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1337-22.2023</a></span></p> <p><span>He Z, Liu Z, Zhao J, Elliott R, Zhang D. Improving emotion regulation of social exclusion in depression-prone individuals: A tDCS study targeting right VLPFC. <em><span>Psychological Medicine</span></em>, 2020, 50(16):2768-79. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719002915">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719002915</a></span></p> <p><span>Sijin Li, Jingxu Chen, Kexiang Gao, Feng Xu, Dandan Zhang. Excitatory brain stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances voluntary distraction in depressed patients, <em>Psychological Medicine</em>, 2023, 53:6646-55. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723000028">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723000028</a></span></p> <p><span>He Z, Lin Y, Xia L, Liu Z, Zhang D, Elliott R. Critical role of the right VLPFC in emotional regulation of social exclusion: A tDCS study. <em><span>Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience</span></em>, 2018, 13(4):357-66. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy026">https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy026</a></span></p> <p><span>Licheng Mo, Sijin Li, Si Cheng, Yiwei Li, Feng Xu, Dandan Zhang. Emotion regulation of social pain: Double dissociation of lateral prefrontal cortices supporting reappraisal and distraction. <em>Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,</em> 2023,18(1), 1-10. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad043">https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad043</a></span></p> <p><span>He Z, Zhao J, Shen J, Muhlert N, Elliott R, Zhang D. The right VLPFC and downregulation of social pain: A TMS study. <em><span>Human Brain Mapping</span></em>, 2020, 41:1362-71. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24881">https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24881</a> </span></p> <p><span>Wenwen Yu, Yiwei Li, Xueying Cao, Licheng Mo, Yuming Chen, Dandan Zhang. The role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex on voluntary emotion regulation of social pain. <em>Human Brain Mapping</em>, 2023, 44(13): 4710-4721. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26411">https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26411</a></span></p> <p><span>Cheng S, Qiu X, Li S, Mo L, Xu F, Zhang D. Different Roles of the Left and Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitive Reappraisal: An Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.<em><span> Frontiers in human neuroscience</span></em>, 2022, 16:928077. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.928077">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.928077</a></span></p> <p><span>王妹</span><span>, </span><span>程思</span><span>, </span><span>李宜伟</span><span>, </span><span>李红</span><span>, </span><span>张丹丹</span><span>. </span><span>背外侧前额叶在安慰剂效应中的作用</span><span>:</span><span>社会情绪调节研究</span><span>. </span><em><span>心理学报</span></em><span>, 2023, 55(7):1063-3. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.J.1041.2023.01063">https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.J.1041.2023.01063</a></span></p> <p><span>莫李澄</span><span>, </span><span>郭田友</span><span>, </span><span>张岳瑶</span><span>, </span><span>徐锋</span><span>, </span><span>张丹丹</span><span>. </span><span>激活右腹外侧前额叶提高抑郁症患者对社会疼痛的情绪调节能力</span><span>:</span><span>一项</span><span>TMS</span><span>研究</span><span>. </span><em><span>心理学报</span></em><span>, 2021, 53(05):494-504. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.J.1041.2021.00494">https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.J.1041.2021.00494</a></span></p> <p><span>于文汶</span><span>, </span><span>王妹</span><span>, </span><span>仇秀芙</span><span>, </span><span>高可翔</span><span>, </span><span>陈伟茂</span><span>, </span><span>张丹丹</span><span>. </span><span>腹外侧前额叶经颅磁刺激对社会疼痛的影响</span><span>:</span><span>拒绝敏感性和抑郁的调节作用</span><span>. </span><em><span>中国临床心理学杂志</span></em><span>, 2022, 30(04):985-990+972. <a href="https://doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.04.045">https://doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.04.045</a></span></p> <p><strong>Last Updated:</strong> <span>2023.12.14</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Season of prescribed fire determines grassland restoration outcomes after fire exclusion and overgrazing
<p>Fire exclusion and mismanaged grazing are globally important drivers of environmental change in mesic C<sub>4</sub> grasslands and savannas. Although interest is growing in prescribed fire for grassland restoration, we have little long-term experimental evidence of the influence of burn season on the recovery of herbaceous plant communities, encroachment by trees and shrubs, and invasion by exotic grasses. We conducted a prescribed fire experiment (seven burns between 2001 and 2019) in historically fire-excluded and overgrazed grasslands of central Texas. Sites were assigned to one of four experimental treatments: summer burns (warm season, lightning season), fall burns (early cool season), winter burns (late cool season), or unburned (fire exclusion). To assess restoration outcomes of the experiment, in 2019, we identified old-growth grasslands to serve as reference sites. Herbaceous-layer plant communities in all experimental sites were compositionally and functionally distinct from old-growth grasslands, with little recovery of perennial C<sub>4</sub> grasses and long-lived forbs. Unburned sites were characterized by several species of tree, shrub, and vine; summer sites were characterized by certain C<sub>3</sub><span> </span>grasses and forbs; and fall and winter sites were intermediate in composition to the unburned and summer sites. Despite compositional differences, all treatments had comparable plot-level plant species richness (range 89–95 species/1000 m<sup>2</sup>). At the local-scale, summer sites (23 species/m<sup>2</sup>) and old-growth grasslands (20 species/m<sup>2</sup>) supported greater richness than unburned sites (15 species/m<sup>2</sup>), but did not differ significantly from fall or winter sites. Among fire treatments, summer and winter burns most consistently produced the vegetation structure of old-growth grasslands (e.g., mean woody canopy cover of 9%). But whereas winter burns promoted the invasive grass<span> </span><i>Bothriochloa ischaemum</i><span> </span>by maintaining areas with low canopy cover, summer burns simultaneously limited woody encroachment and controlled<span> </span><i>B. ischaemum</i><span> </span>invasion. Our results support a growing body of literature that shows that prescribed fire alone, without the introduction of plant propagules, cannot necessarily restore old-growth grassland community composition. Nonetheless, this long-term experiment demonstrates that prescribed burns implemented in the summer can benefit restoration by preventing woody encroachment while also controlling an invasive grass. We suggest that fire season deserves greater attention in grassland restoration planning and ecological research.</p>
Data from: A case for the "Competitive exclusion – tolerance rule" as a general cause of species turnover along environmental gradients
<p><span>Closely-related, ecologically-similar species often segregate their distributions along environmental gradients of time, space, and resources, but previous research suggests diverse underlying causes. Here, we review reciprocal removal studies in nature that experimentally test the role of interactions among species in determining their turnover along environmental gradients. We find consistent evidence for asymmetric exclusion coupled with differences in environmental tolerance causing the segregation of species pairs, where a dominant species excludes a subordinate from benign regions of the gradient, but is unable to tolerate challenging regions to which the subordinate species is adapted. Subordinate species were consistently smaller and performed better in regions of the gradient typically occupied by the dominant species compared to their native distribution. These results extend previous ideas contrasting competitive ability with adaptation to abiotic stress to include a broader diversity of species interactions (intraguild predation, reproductive interference) and environmental gradients, including gradients of biotic challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that adaptation to environmental challenge compromises performance in antagonistic interactions with ecologically-similar species. The consistency of this pattern across diverse organisms, environments, and biomes suggests generalizable processes structuring the segregation of ecologically-similar species along disparate environmental gradients, a phenomenon that we propose should be named the Competitive exclusion – tolerance rule.</span></p>
The end of the line: Competitive exclusion and the extinction of historical entities
<p><span>Identifying competitive exclusion at the macroevolutionary scale has typically relied on demonstrating a reciprocal, contradictory response by two co-occurring, functionally similar clades. Finding definitive examples of such a response in fossil time-series has proven challenging however, as has controlling for the effects of a changing physical environment. We take a novel approach to this issue by quantifying variation in trait values that capture almost the entirety of function for steam locomotives (SL), a known example of competitive exclusion from material culture, with the goal of identifying patterns suitable for assessing clade replacement in the fossil record. Our analyses find evidence of an immediate, directional response to the first appearance of a direct competitor, with subsequent competitors further reducing the realized niche of SLs, until extinction was the inevitable outcome. These results demonstrate when interspecific competition should lead to extinction and suggest that clade replacement may only occur when niche overlap between an incumbent and its competitors is near absolute and where the incumbent is incapable of transitioning to a new adaptive zone. Our findings provide the basis for a new approach to analyze putative examples of competitive exclusion that is largely free of <em>a priori</em> assumptions.</span></p>
Data from: The Competitive exclusion – tolerance rule explains habitat partitioning among co-occurring species of burying beetles
<p>Habitat partitioning among co-occurring, ecologically similar species is widespread in nature and thought to be an important mechanism for coexistence. The factors that cause habitat partitioning, however, are unknown for most species. We experimentally tested among three alternative hypotheses to explain habitat partitioning among two species of co-occurring burying beetle (<em>Nicrophorus</em>) that occupy forest (<em>N. orbicollis</em>) and wetland (<em>N. hebes</em>) habitats. Captive experiments revealed that the larger <em>N. orbicollis </em>(forest) was consistently dominant to <em>N. hebes </em>(wetland) in competitive interactions for carcasses that they require for reproduction. Transplant enclosure experiments in nature revealed that <em>N. hebes</em> had poor reproductive success whenever the dominant <em>N. orbicollis</em> was present. In the absence of <em>N. orbicollis</em>, <em>N. hebes</em> performed as well, or better, in forest versus its typical wetland habitat. In contrast, <em>N. orbicollis </em>performed poorly in wetlands regardless of the presence of <em>N. hebes</em>. These results support the Competitive exclusion – tolerance rule where the competitively dominant <em>N. orbicollis</em> excludes the subordinate <em>N. hebes</em> from otherwise suitable or preferable forest habitat, while the subordinate <em>N. hebes</em> is uniquely able to tolerate the challenges of breeding in wetlands. Transplant experiments further showed that carcass burial depth – an important trait thought to enhance the competitive ability of the dominant <em>N. orbicollis</em> – is costly in wetland habitats. When in the presence of <em>N. hebes, N. orbicollis</em> buried carcasses deeper; deeper burial is thought to provide a competitive advantage in forests, but further compromised the reproductive success of <em>N. orbicollis </em>in wetlands. Overall, results provide evidence that the Competitive exclusion – tolerance rule underlies habitat partitioning among ecologically similar species, and that the traits important for competitive dominance in relatively benign environments are costly in more challenging environments, consistent with a trade-off.</p>
Working code and data for a wall-to-wall mapping of carbon loss within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone after the 2020 catastrophic wildfire
<p>Links to data in this code are from <a href="https://github.com/Janzeero-PhD/C_loss_Chornobyl_2022">GitHub repository</a>. But can be replaced by the files supplied here.</p> <p>Only code to generate models and to create figures for their validation is provided. Also code to create GMFR function (from Riemann et al. 2010 and adapted in Henderson et al. 2019) is provided.</p> <p>Code to: calculate C stock for training and validation data set per biomass compartment; prepare raster data (mostly in Google Earth Engine); make raster predictions; calculate C loss according to local combustion factors and NBR severity levels is available <em>upon request</em>.</p> <p>MetaData.xlsx contains a description of all files within this package, and variable explanation for provided data sets.</p>
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
<p>Across tropical ecosystems, global environmental change is causing drier climatic conditions and increased nutrient deposition. Such changes represent large uncertainties due to unknown interactions between drought and nutrient availability in controlling ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP). Using a large-scale manipulative experiment, we studied for 4 years whether nutrient availability affects the individual and integrated responses of aboveground and belowground ecosystem processes to throughfall exclusion in 30-year-old mixed plantations of tropical dry forest tree species in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We used a factorial design with four treatments: control, fertilization (F), drought (D), and drought + fertilization (D + F). While we found that a 13 %–15 % reduction in soil moisture only led to weak effects in the studied ecosystem processes, NPP increased as a function of F and D + F. The relative contribution of each biomass flux to NPP varied depending on the treatment, with woody biomass being more important for F and root biomass for D + F and D. Moreover, the F treatment showed modest increases in maximum canopy cover. Plant functional type (i.e., N fixation or deciduousness) and not the experimental manipulations was the main source of variation in tree growth. Belowground processes also responded to experimental treatments, as we found a decrease in nodulation for F plots and an increase in microbial carbon use efficiency 25 for F and D plots. Our results emphasize that nutrient availability, more so than modest reductions in soil moisture, limits ecosystem processes in tropical dry forests and that soil fertility interactions with other aspects of drought intensity (e.g., vapor pressure deficit) are yet to be explored.</p>
Dataset: Live cell dynamics of production, explosive release and killing activity of phage tail-like weapons for Pseudomonas kin exclusion
<p>This dataset is related to "Live cell dynamics of production, explosive release and killing activity of phage tail-like weapons for Pseudomonas kin exclusion" and contains the raw data obtained.</p>
Long-term livestock exclusion increases plant richness and reproductive capacity in arid woodlands
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>Herbivore exclusion is implemented globally to recover ecosystems from grazing by introduced and native herbivores, but evidence for large-scale biodiversity benefits is inconsistent in arid ecosystems. We examined the effects of livestock exclusion on dryland plant richness and reproductive capacity.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Central Australia.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We collected data on plant species richness and seeding (reproductive capacity), rainfall, vegetation productivity and cover, soil health, and herbivore grazing intensity from 68 sites across 6500 km<sup>2</sup> of arid Georgina gidgee (<em>Acacia</em> <em>georginae</em>) woodlands between 2017 and 2020. Sites were on an actively grazed cattle station and two destocked conservation reserves. We used structural equation modelling to examine indirect (via soil or vegetation modification) versus direct (herbivory) effects of grazing intensity by two introduced herbivores (cattle, camels) and a native herbivore (red kangaroo), on seasonal plant species richness and seeding.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Soil health and rainfall were the strongest drivers of variation in richness and seeding. Cattle and camel grazing indirectly led to lower seasonal richness and seeding by reducing soil health. Kangaroos had a small but negative direct impact on richness, but no impact on soil health. Both introduced and native herbivores reduced annual chenopod shrub richness and seeding, whereas only cattle directly reduced perennial shrub richness and seeding. Camels indirectly reduced perennial shrub richness by impacting shrub abundance. Introduced herbivores reduced native grass richness and seeding indirectly via impacts on soil health, whereas forbs responded positively to cattle and camel activity.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusion</strong></p> <p>Considering indirect impacts improves evaluations of the effects of disturbances on biodiversity, as focusing only on direct effects can mask critical mechanisms of change. Our results indicate substantial biodiversity benefits from excluding livestock and controlling camels in drylands. Reducing introduced herbivore impacts will improve soil and vegetation condition, ensure reproduction and seasonal persistence of species, and protect native plant diversity.</p>
Data from: Desmoplastic stroma restricts T cell extravasation and mediates immune exclusion and immunosuppression in solid tumors
<p>In this study, we used our modified <span>precision-cut tumor slice assay of tumors treated with CAR T cells <em>in vivo </em></span><span>prior to harvest and harvested at different time-points post-treatment, which can better reflect the behavior of CAR T cells in the TME </span><em>in vivo</em><span>.</span></p>
Summary statistics for "Variants in the TERT gene increase the occurrence of solar lentigines by modifying telomerase expression exclusively in the skin"
<p>Publication: Deecke et al., Variants in the TERT gene increase the occurrence of solar lentigines by modifying telomerase expression exclusively in the skin, manuscript under revision<br> <br> Brief summary:<br> Solar lentigines (SL) are a characteristic of the aging skin. Their occurrence is likely determined by a combination of genetic variants and environmental factors such as chronic sun exposure. However, the genetic factors underlying SL formation remain largely unknown. A recently performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) of SL in two Chinese cohorts reported <em>TERT</em> and <em>OCA2</em> as novel genome-wide significant genetic loci for SL, while only the <em>TERT</em> locus could be validated in a cohort of European descent (Peng et al, 2023). The telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT is known to be involved in the process of maintenance of telomere lengths, but interestingly no causal relationship between telomere length and the SL GWAS results was observed by the investigators.</p> <p>In this study, we quantified the heritability of SL located on the back of the hands and performed a de novo GWAS in 1,137 elderly participants (aged 60 and more) of European descent from the Berlin Aging Study II. We confirmed <em>TERT</em> as the only genome-wide significant locus for SL (top SNP: rs2735940, p= 1.35E-16). In line with the previous Mendelian Randomization (MR) results by Peng et al., our updated MR using substantially larger datasets did not show a causal relationship between the occurrence of SL and telomere lengths measured in blood leukocytes. Importantly, rs2735940 modifies <em>TERT</em> expression in skin tissue (based on GTEx data), but not in any of the other GTEx tissues including blood. Furthermore, colocalization analyses suggested a shared causal effect of rs2735940 on SL occurrence and on <em>TERT</em> expression in skin but not in blood.</p> <p>Thus, we could show that variants in the <em>TERT</em> gene increase the occurrence of SL by modifying <em>TERT</em> expression exclusively in the skin, based on currently available GTEx data. This skin-specific effect was not reported previously and may provide the hitherto missing functional link for the occurrence of SLs via <em>TERT</em> expression and telomere length alterations.</p>
Data from: Contrasting impacts of short- and long-term large herbivore exclusion on understory net CO2 exchange in a boreal forest
<p>Across boreal forests, trees are the main living biomass carbon (C) stock, but the understory vegetation can contribute significantly to the C cycling and net forest carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) balance. The patchy understory vegetation which consists of sunlit (i.e., lichen-like) and shaded habitats (i.e., dwarf shrub-like) is often altered by ungulate grazers. Grazers may influence understory CO<sub>2</sub> exchange, and consequently, the forest CO<sub>2</sub> balance. Grazing affects differently the biomass of slow growing lichens compared to the faster growing mosses and dwarf shrubs, and therefore the effects of grazing on CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the patchy understory vegetation could vary temporally. We studied how excluding grazing for short- and long-term affects the CO<sub>2</sub> exchange and vegetation biomass in the understory of an oligotrophic Scots pine forest. We measured growing season (2019, 2020) CO<sub>2</sub> exchange across sunlit and shaded habitats inside fences that had excluded large grazers for 0–1 and 25–26 years and in the adjacent grazed area. In addition, we measured the height of understory vegetation. We found that short-term grazer exclusion increased ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> source fluxes only in the shaded habitats. However, long-term exclusion of grazing decreased CO<sub>2</sub> net release regardless of the habitat type. Furthermore, grazer exclusion increased moss depth immediately which coincided with an abrupt intensification of CO<sub>2</sub> net release. Considering the impacts of grazing over both short- and long-term may help to forecast C fluxes more accurately which may be relevant for informed climate solutions regionally and even on a larger scale.</p>
Effects of large mammal exclusion on seedling communities depend on plant species traits and landscape protection in human-modified Costa Rican forests
<ol> <li>Large terrestrial herbivorous mammals (LTH-mammals) influence plant community structure by affecting seedling establishment in mature tropical forests. Many of these LTH-mammals frequent secondary forests, but their effects on seedling establishment in them are understudied, hindering our understanding of how LTH-mammals influence forest regeneration in human-modified landscapes.</li> <li>We tested the hypothesis that the strength of LTH-mammals' effects on seedling establishment depends on landscape protection, forest successional stage, and plant species' traits using a manipulative field experiment in six 1-ha sites with varying successional age and landscape protection. In each site, we established forty seedling plot-pairs, with one plot excluding LTH-mammals and one not, and monitored seedlings of 116 woody species for 26 months.</li> <li>We found significant effects of LTH-mammal exclusion on seedling survival contingent upon the protection of forests at the landscape level and forest stage. After 26 months, survival differences between LTH-mammal exclusion and non-exclusion treatments were greater in protected than unprotected landscapes. Additionally, plant species' traits were related to the LTH-mammals' differential effects, as LTH-mammals reduced the survival of seedlings of larger-seeded species the most. Overall, LTH-mammals' effects translated into significant shifts in community composition as seedling communities inside and outside the exclosures diverged. Moreover, lower density and higher species diversity were found as early as 12 and 18 months outside than inside exclosures.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Insight into the interactions between LTH-mammals and seedling communities in forest regeneration can be instrumental in planning effective restoration efforts. We highlight the importance of landscape protection in seedling survival and the role of LTH-mammals in promoting seedling diversity in mature forests but also in secondary successional forests. The findings suggest that conservation efforts and possibly trophic rewilding can be important approaches for preserving diversity and influencing the trajectory of secondary tropical forest succession. However, we also caution that an overabundance of LTH-mammals may adversely impact the pace of forest succession due to their preference for large-seeded species. Therefore, a comprehensive wildlife management plan is indispensable. Additionally, longer-term studies on LTH-mammals are necessary to understand the effects of temporal fluctuations that are undetected in short-term studies.</li> </ol>
Endovascular Exclusion of TAAA/AAA Utilizing Fenestrated/Branched Stent Grafts
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00583050. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.
Exclusion of Intra-atrial Thrombus Before Catheter Ablation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03455673. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 2. Publications: 6.
From Exclusion to Inclusion: Analysing Follow-up Discontinuity in Breast Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06927102. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Curative Effect of the Length of the Jejunum Exclusion in Grstric Bypass Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02667652. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.