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336 results for “expenditure”
Data from: Medical expenditure for chronic diseases in Mexico: the case of selected diagnoses treated by the largest care providers
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Data from: Energy expenditure and body size are targets of natural selection across a wide geographic range, in a terrestrial invertebrate
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Data from: Accelerometers can measure total and activity-specific energy expenditure in free-ranging marine mammals only if linked to time-activity budgets
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Effect of specificity of health expenditure questions in the measurement of out-of-pocket health expenditure: Evidence from field experimental study in Ghana
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Data from: Resting and daily energy expenditures during reproduction are adjusted in opposite directions in free-living birds
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Data from: Forest structure and snow depth alter the movement patterns and subsequent expenditures of a forest carnivore, the Pacific marten
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Human walking in the real world: interactions between terrain type, gait parameters, and energy expenditure
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Data from: Nocturnal torpor by superb fairy-wrens: a key mechanism for reducing winter daily energy expenditure
Many passerine birds are small and require a high mass-specific rate of resting energy expenditure, especially in the cold. The energetics of thermoregulation is therefore an important aspect of their ecology, yet few studies have quantified thermoregulatory patterns in wild passerines. We used miniature telemetry to record the skin temperature (Tskin) of free-living superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus, 8.6 g; n = 6 birds over N = 7 to 22 days) and determine the importance of controlled reductions in body temperature during resting to their winter energy budgets. Fairy-wrens routinely exhibited large daily fluctuations in Tskin between maxima of 41.9 ± 0.6°C and minima of 30.4 ± 0.7°C, with overall individual minima of 27.4 ± 1.1°C (maximum daily range: 14.7 ± 0.9 °C). These results provide strong evidence of nocturnal torpor in this small passerine, which we calculated to provide a 42% reduction in resting metabolic rate at a Ta of 5 °C compared to active-phase Tskin. A capacity for energy-saving torpor has important consequences for understanding the behaviour and life-history ecology of superb fairy-wrens. Moreover, our novel field data suggest that torpor could be more widespread and important than previously thought within passerines, the most diverse order of birds.
Data from: Catastrophic health expenditure according to employment status in South Korea: A population-based panel study
Objectives: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) means that medical spending of a household exceeds a certain level of capacity to pay. Previous studies of CHE have focused on benefits supported by the public sector or high medical cost incurred by treating diseases in South Korea. This study examines variance of CHE in these households according to changes in employment status. We also determine whether a relationship exists according to income level. Design: A longitudinal study. Setting: We used the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) conducted by the Korea Institute. Participants: These data consisted of 5,335 households during 2009-2012. Outcome measure: CHE defined as health expenditures that were 40% greater than the ability of the household to pay. Results: Households with people who experienced changes in job status from employed to unemployed (OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.06-3.78) or were unemployed with no status change (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.28-1.92) were more likely to incur CHE compared to those who were consistently employed. In addition, low-income families that either lost a job (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.44-5.10) or were already unemployed (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.29-2.16) were more likely to incur CHE compared to those with a consistent job. Conclusions: Given the insecure employment status of people with low-income, they are more likely to face barriers in obtaining needed health services. Meeting their needs for health care is an important consideration.
Data from: Maternal immunization increases nestling energy expenditure, immune function, and fledging success in a passerine bird
Female birds transfer maternally-derived antibodies (matAb) to their nestlings, via the egg yolk. These antibodies are thought to provide passive protection, and allow nestlings to avoid the costs associated with mounting an innate immune response. To test whether there is an energetic benefit to nestlings of receiving matAb, we challenged adult female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) prior to clutch initiation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (Control). Following hatching, one half of each females nestlings were immunized on day 8 post-hatch with LPS or saline, and for 4-hrs post immunization nestling metabolic rate (MR) was measured. There was no difference in either LPS-reactive antibodies or total Ig levels between offspring of immunized and non-immunized mothers on day 6 or 14 post-hatch, possibly reflecting a relatively short half-life of matAbs in altricial birds. Additionally, we found no evidence that nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers could avoid the growth-suppression that may result from activation of an inflammatory response. Unexpectedly, we found that control-nestlings from LPS-mothers had higher resting MR than control-nestlings of control-mothers. We attribute the increased MR to the costs associated with a general nonspecific enhancement of immune function in nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers. Consistent with enhanced immune function, nestlings of immunized mothers had a more robust inflammatory response to phytohaemagglutinin, and higher fledging success. Our results suggest maternal antigen exposure pre-laying can result in increased fitness for both mothers and offspring, depending on food availability.
Energy intake and energy expenditure of pre-professional female contemporary dancers: dataset S.1 supporting data
<p>Participant characteristics, energy and macronutrient intakes, energy expenditure, energy balance and energy availability. Excel (XLSX) Relevant raw data underlying the study findings presented in the article: </p> <p>Brown MA, Howatson G, Quin E, Redding E, Stevenson EJ (2017) Energy intake and energy expenditure of pre-professional female contemporary dancers. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171998. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171998</p> <p> </p>
Chronic Administration of Exogenous Lactate Increases Energy Expenditure During Exercise Through Activation of Skeletal Muscle Energy Utilization Capacity in Mice
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Regional variation in national healthcare expenditure and health system performance in central cities and suburbs in Japan
<p>The increasing national healthcare expenditure (NHE) with the aging rate is a significant social problem in Japan, and efficient distribution and use of NHE is an urgent issue. It is assumed that comparisons in subregions would be important to explore the regional variation in NHE and health system performance in targeted municipalities of the metropolitan area of Tokyo (central cities) and the neighboring municipalities of Chiba Prefecture (suburbs). This study aimed to clarify the differences of the socioeconomic factors affecting NHE and the health system performances between subregions. A multiple regression analysis was performed to extract the factors affecting the total medical expenses of NHE (Total), comprising the medical expenses of inpatients (MEI), medical expenses of outpatients (MEO), and consultation rates of inpatients (CRI) and outpatients (CRO). Using the stepwise method, dependent variables were selected from three categories: health service, socioeconomic, and lifestyle. Then, health system performance analysis was performed, and the differences between regions were clarified using the Mann–Whitney U test. The test was applied to 18 indicators, classified into five dimensions referred to in the OECD indicators: health status, risk factors for health, access to care, quality of care, and health system capacity and resources. In the central cities, the number of persons per household was the primary factor affecting Total, MEI, MEO, and CRO, and the number of persons per household and the percentage of the entirely unemployed persons primarily affected CRI. In the suburbs, the ratio of the population aged 65–74 and the number of hospital beds were significantly positively related to Total, MEI, and CRI, but the number of workers employed in primary industries was negatively related to Total and MEI. The ratio of the population aged 65–74 was significantly positively related to MEO and CRO. Regarding health system performance, while risk factors for health was high in the central cities, the others, including access to care, quality of care, and health system capacity and resources, were superior in the suburbs, suggesting that the health system might be well developed to compensate for the risks. In the suburbs, while risk factors for health were lower than those in the central cities, access to care, quality of care, and health system capacity and resources were also lower, suggesting that the healthcare system might be poorer. These results indicate a need to prioritize mitigating healthcare disparities in the central cities and promoting the health of the elderly in the suburbs by expanding the suburbs' healthcare systems and resources. This study clarified that the determinants of NHE and health system performance are drastically varied among subregional levels and suggested the importance of precise regional moderation of the healthcare system.</p>
Supplementary material from: Sweidan OD (2023) Geopolitical risk and military expenditures: Evidence from the US economy. Russian Journal of Economics 9(2): 201-218. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.9.97733
Geopolitical risk and military expenditures
Effect of Dysport Injections on Energy Expenditure and Walking Efficiency in Children With Cerebral Palsy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03469999. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of Vestibular Stimulation on Fat Consumption and Energy Expenditure as Assessed Using Indirect Calorimetry
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03138382. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of Different Intensities of Exercise on Daily Energy Expenditure With Physical Activity in Overweight Boys
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02272088. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
An Evaluation of the Energy Expenditure From Wii Fit Games
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01561716. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effect of Lower Limb Deformities (LLD) on Children's Gait and on Energy Expenditure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01255241. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Ketogenic Diets for Weight Loss Maintenance: Impact on Energy Expenditure and Appetite in Individuals With Obesity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06736028. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.