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1,457 results for “feedback”
Tree seedling functional traits mediate plant-soil feedback survival responses across a gradient of light availability
<p>Though not often examined together, both plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and functional traits have important influences on plant community dynamics and could interact. For example, seedling functional traits could impact seedling survivorship responses to soils cultured by conspecific versus heterospecific adults. Furthermore, levels of functional traits could vary with soil culturing source. In addition, these relationships might shift with light availability, which can affect trait values, microbe abundance, and whether mycorrhizal colonization is mutualistic or parasitic to seedlings.</p> <p>To determine the extent to which functional traits mediate PSFs via seedling survival, we conducted a field experiment. We planted seedlings of four temperate tree species across a gradient of light availability and into soil cores collected beneath conspecific (sterilized and live) and heterospecific adults. We monitored seedling survival twice per week over one growing season, and we randomly selected subsets of seedlings to measure mycorrhizal colonization and phenolics, lignin, and NSC levels at three weeks.</p> <p>Though evidence for PSFs was limited, <em>Acer saccharum</em> seedlings exhibited positive PSFs (i.e., higher survival in conspecific than heterospecific soils). In addition, soil microbes had a negative effect on <em>A. saccharum</em> and <em>Prunus serotina</em> seedling survival, with reduced survival in live versus sterilized conspecific soil. In general, we found higher trait values (measured amounts of a given trait) in conspecific than heterospecific soils and higher light availability. Additionally, <em>A. saccharum</em> survival increased with higher levels of phenolics, which were higher in conspecific soils and high light.<em> Quercus alba</em> survival decreased with higher AMF colonization.</p> <p>We demonstrate that functional trait values in seedlings as young as three weeks vary in response to soil source and light availability. Moreover, seedling survivorship was associated with trait values for two species, despite both drought and heavy rainfall during the growing season that may have obscured survivorship-trait relationships. These results suggest that seedling traits could have an important role in mediating the effects of local soil source and light levels on seedling survivorship and thus plant traits could have an important role in PSFs.</p>
Reception of a physical activity intervention program in German older adults. Data from a feedback analysis of PROMOTE II.
<p>As part of the<strong> AEQUIPA </strong>prevention research network, the aim of the <strong>PROMOTE II</strong> study was to gain insights into primary prevention for healthy aging. One focus was on the development and dissemination of ready-to-use tools and work aids to promote physical activity.</p><p>As part of a nine-month randomized trial with a cross-over design among adults aged 60 and above, eligible participants from 14 districts in Bremen in proximity to the two study centers (one in the North and one in the East of the city of Bremen, Germany) were randomly assigned to either a) a print-based intervention (PRINT) or b) a web-based intervention (WEB). Randomly selected thirty percent of the web-based intervention group received an activity tracker in addition (WEB+).</p><p>Usage of program components, attendance of group sessions and acceptance of the intervention were assessed via self-administered paper-based questionnaires three and nine months after baseline as well as feedback interviews and class recordings. Participant feedback was analyzed using quantitative methods on a descriptive basis, as well as using qualitative content analysis of open-ended questions, group-interviews and protocols based on the socio-ecological model as coding framework.</p><p>This publication provides the coding matrix, including the participant feedback data.</p>
Passive Non-Cooperative Intruder State Estimation and Optimal-Feedback Avoidance System for UAVs
<p>In recent years, numerous applications for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have emerged, such as manufacturing inspections and reconnaissance. Ensuring safety is crucial for integrating UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS); this integration is being conducted on the basis of a century of experience that has made manned aircraft operations incredibly safe.</p><p>A key challenge for unmanned flight is the inability to "detect-and-avoid" (DAA) obstacles. Various DAA systems have been proposed in recent years, each employing different sensor modalities. Cooperative systems enable air vehicles to exchange state information, while devices like the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) use satellite navigation sensors and transponders, respectively, to broadcast position data. Additionally, the Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) led to the creation of the ACAS-XU standard for unmanned aircraft.</p><p>The DAA capability for UAS must be extended to address non-cooperative intruders. This paper introduces an integrated vision-based passive collision alert system (PCAS) and guidance system that is designed to detect and optimally avoid collision with non-cooperative intruders. The system can adhere to recently-introduced regulations for safety zones and can be customized pre-flight. Hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation demonstrates the feasibility for deployment on UAS in a plug-and-play fashion.</p>
Data from: Abiotic legacies mediate plant-soil feedback during early vegetation succession on rare earth element mine tailings
<p>An increasing number of studies have shown how feedback interactions between plants and soil can influence primary and secondary succession. However, very little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of such plant-soil feedbacks on stressed mine tailings ecosystem, which can be severely contaminated by a range of toxic elements. </p> <p>In a two-phase plant-soil feedback experiment based on the rare earth element (REE) mine tailing soil, we investigated biotic (changes in bacterial and fungal community) and abiotic legacies (changes in chemical properties) of three pioneer grass species, and examined feedback effects of three grasses, two legumes and two woody plants with different root traits.</p> <p>Positive plant-soil feedback was found in Miscanthus sinensis, Paspalum thunbergii and Tephrosia candida, and neutral feedback was observed in other four plants. These effects corresponded with an increase of nutrients and total organic carbon, as well as a decrease of acidity and extractable aluminum and REEs. There were less signs of biotic changes in the conditioned tailings. </p> <p>The correlation analysis suggested a relationship between responses to soil legacies and root traits, as well as root economics spectrum. On the mine tailings, acquisitive species with higher specific root length appeared to have greater potential for positive feedback. </p> <p>Synthesis and application: Our study shows that early succession on contaminated REE mine tailings may lead to more positive plant-soil feedback than predicted based on results of non-contaminated soils, mainly due to the alleviation of abiotic stress in tailings. Therefore, the improvement of specific abiotic soil stress and the trait-based selection of acquisitive plants should be preferentially considered to promote the primary restoration of degraded land.</p>
Dataset of global plant-soil feedback
<p>Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is an important mechanism determining plant community dynamics and structure. Understanding the geographic patterns and drivers of PSF is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying geographic plant diversity patterns. We compiled a large dataset containing 5969 observations of PSF from 202 studies to demonstrate the global patterns and drivers of PSF for woody and non-woody species. Overall, PSF was negative on average and was influenced by plant attributes and environmental settings. Woody species PSFs did not vary with latitude, but non-woody PSFs were more negative at higher latitudes. PSF was consistently more positive with increasing aridity for both woody and non-woody species, likely due to increased mutualistic microbes relative to soil-borne pathogens. These findings were consistent between field and greenhouse experiments, suggesting that PSF variation can be driven by soil legacies from climates. Our findings call for caution to use PSF as an explanation of the latitudinal diversity gradient and highlight that aridity can influence plant community dynamics and structure across broad scales through mediating plant soil-microbe interactions.</p>
Data from: Plant-soil microbe feedbacks depend on distance and ploidy in a mixed cytotype population of Larrea tridentata
<p><strong>Premise of the study</strong></p> <p>Theory predicts that mixed ploidy populations should be short-lived due to strong fitness disadvantages for the rare ploidy. However, mixed ploidy populations are common, suggesting that the fitness costs for rare ploidies are counterbalanced by ecological benefits that emerge when rare. We investigated whether differences in ecological interactions with soil microbes help to maintain a tetraploid-hexaploid population of <em>Larrea tridentata </em>(creosote bush) in the Sonoran Desert, California, USA, where prior work documented ploidy-specific root-associated microbes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We used a plant-soil feedback (PSF) experiment to test whether host-specific soil microbes can alter the outcomes of intra-ploidy vs. inter-ploidy competition. Host-specific soil microbes can build up over time; thus, distance from a host plant can affect the fitness of nearby plants.</p> <p><strong>Key results</strong></p> <p>Seedlings grown in soils from near plants of a different ploidy produced greater biomass relative to seedlings grown in soils from near plants of the same ploidy. Moreover, seedlings grown in soils from near plants of a different ploidy produced greater biomass than those grown in soils from further away from plants of a different ploidy. This suggests the ecological consequences of PSF may facilitate the persistence of mixed ploidy populations.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>This is the first evidence, to our knowledge, consistent with plant-soil microbe feedback as a viable mechanism to maintain the coexistence of multiple ploidy levels in a single population.</p>
Exploring the Automatic Classification of Usage Information in Feedback
<p>Datasets and list of relevant papers for the publication "Exploring the Automatic Classification of Usage Information in Feedback".</p><p>Please read the included readMe for more information on formatting of Json-Files</p>
Demographic feedbacks during evolutionary rescue can slow or speed adaptive evolution
<p>Populations declining toward extinction can persist via genetic adaptation in a process called evolutionary rescue. Predicting evolutionary rescue has applications ranging from conservation biology to medicine, but requires understanding and integrating the multiple effects of a stressful environmental change on population processes. Here we derive a simple expression for how generation time, a key determinant of the rate of evolution, varies with population size during evolutionary rescue. Change in generation time is quantitatively predicted by comparing how intraspecific competition and the source of maladaptation each affect the rates of births and deaths in the population. Depending on the difference between two parameters quantifying these effects, the model predicts that populations may experience substantial changes in their rate of adaptation in both positive and negative directions, or adapt consistently despite severe stress. These predictions were then tested by comparison to the results of individual-based simulations of evolutionary rescue, which validated that the tolerable rate of environmental change varied considerably as described by analytical results. We discuss how these results inform efforts to understand wildlife disease and adaptation to climate change, evolution in managed populations, and treatment resistance in pathogens.</p>
Data from: a positive feedback to climate change: the effect of temperature on the respiration of key wood-decomposing fungi does not decline with time
<p>Heterotrophic soil microorganisms are responsible for ~50% of the carbon dioxide released by respiration from the terrestrial biosphere each year. The respiratory response of soil microbial communities to warming, and the control mechanisms, remains uncertain, yet is critical to understanding the future land carbon (C)-climate feedback. Individuals of nine species of fungi decomposing wood were exposed to 90 days of cooling to evaluate the medium-term effect of temperature on respiration. Overall, the effect of temperature on respiration increased in the medium term, with no evidence of compensation. However, the increasing effect of temperature on respiration was lost after correcting for changes in biomass. These results indicate that C loss through respiration of wood-decomposing fungi will increase beyond the direct effects of temperature on respiration, potentially promoting greater C losses from terrestrial ecosystems and a positive feedback to climate change.</p>
Small-scale fires interact with herbivore feedbacks to create persistent grazing lawn environments
<p>Fire-herbivory feedbacks strongly influence the formation of grazing lawns in savanna ecosystems. Preliminary findings suggest that small-scale (< 25 ha) fires can engineer grazing lawns by concentrating herbivores on the post-burn green flush; however, the persistence of such grazing lawns over the longer term and without repeated fire is unknown.</p> <p>We used high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to investigate the long-term effects of fire manipulation on short grass structure (height, cover, volume, and spatial continuity) and grazing lawn establishment in Kruger National Park, South Africa. We analysed the effects of fire exclusion and experimental burns applied over a 7-year period (2013-2019) followed by a one-year cessation of burning at varying spatial scales during the early and late dry seasons.</p> <p>Fires contributed a fourfold increase in short grass cover, regardless of fire season or size. The distribution of grass height differed significantly between fire-induced grazing lawns and recently unburnt parts of the landscape where controlled fires were excluded over the experimental period. The volume (corresponding to bulk density) of short grass on the landscape responded strongly to fires, with grass volume <20 cm in height increasing with both early and late dry season fires.</p> <p>Early dry season fires caused larger and more homogeneous short grass patches. Furthermore, early dry season fires were more influential in increasing the cover of the shortest grass height class (1-5 cm).</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Our results demonstrate that fire-induced grazing lawns can persist over the longer-term, even when fires are no longer applied, leading to the creation of vertical and horizontal heterogeneity in the grass layer. Small-scale fires, therefore, represent a feasible management approach to expanding grazing lawn extent, potentially benefiting grazer coexistence and diversity.</p>
Feedback Inhibition of DszC, a Crucial Enzyme for Crude Oil Biodessulfurization
<p>Raw data for docking calculations ran with AutoDock Vina 4</p> <p>Raw data for conventional MD simulations ran with Gromacs 2018.3</p> <p>Input files to reproduce all calculations and simulations performed in the work</p> <p>Code written to perform data analysis and represenation</p> <p>Raw data for the analyses leading to the presented and discussed results in the manuscript</p> <p> </p>
Erroneous compensation for long-latency feedback delays as origin of Essential Tremor - Dataset
<p>Data associated with the publication "Erroneous compensation for long-latency feedback delays as origin of Essential Tremor" <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.11.575204" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> 10.1101/2024.01.11.575204 </a></p>
An Exploratory Evaluation of Continuous Feedback to Enhance Machine Learning Code Smell Detection
<p><em>Context</em>: Code smells are symptoms of bad design choices implemented on the source code. To manage and enhance software quality, it is important to be aware of code smells and refactor them whenever possible. As a result, several code smell detection tools and techniques have been proposed over the years. These tools and techniques present different strategies to detect code smells. More recently, machine learning algorithms have also been proposed to support code smell detection. However, we lack empirical evidence on how expert feedback could improve detection of these machine learning based techniques. <em>Objective:</em> This paper aims to propose and evaluate a machine-learning based strategy to improve detection of code smells by means of continuous feedback provided by the system expert.<em> Method: </em>To evaluate the strategy, we follow an experimental design to compare results of the detection before and after the feedback, both when feedback is provided at once and continuously. We focus on four code smells - God Class, Long Method, Feature Envy, and Refused Bequest - detected in twenty Java systems by using five code smell detection tools. We also extracted class- and method-level metrics from the systems for training the machine learning algorithms. <em>Results:</em> We observed that continuous feedback improves the performance of code smell detection. For the detection of God Class, a code smell with a detection performance initially good, we achieved an average improvement of 0.13 in terms of F1. For Refused Bequest, another class-level code smell, we achieved an average improvement of 0.58 in terms of F1 after all interactions of the strategy. For the method-level code smells, Long Method and Feature Envy, we achieved an average improvement of 0.66 and 0.72 in terms of F1, respectively.<em> Conclusions: </em>Our promising results are a stepping stone towards the development of tools relying on continuous feedback for machine learning detection of code smells.</p>
Dataset for "Competing climate feedbacks of ice sheet freshwater discharge in a warming world", Part II
<p>This is Part II of the output dataset from coupled ice sheet-climate model simulations that investigate the interactions between ice sheet freshwater flux and the warming climate. Description of models, coupling scheme, and design of these simulations is provided in a paper titled "Competing climate feedbacks of ice sheet freshwater discharge in a warming world", which is currently under peer review. More information will be updated when available.</p>
Dataset for "Competing climate feedbacks of ice sheet freshwater discharge in a warming world", Part I
<p>This is Part I of the output dataset from coupled ice sheet-climate model simulations that investigate the interactions between ice sheet freshwater flux and the warming climate. Description of models, coupling scheme, and design of these simulations is provided in a paper titled "Competing climate feedbacks of ice sheet freshwater discharge in a warming world", which is currently under peer review. More information will be updated when available.</p>
Data for "First simulations of feedback algorithm-regulated marine cloud brightening"
<p>Data for the manuscript "First simulations of feedback algorithm-regulated marine cloud brightening," submitted for publication in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.</p>
Numerical dataset for quantum trajectory simulations of a dissipative qubit under continuous measurement and feedback
<p>The data consist of numerical results obtained from quantum trajectory simulations of a dissipative qubit under continuous measurement and feedback.</p> <p>These data are used in the preprint titled <em>"Heat current and fluctuations between a dissipative qubit and a monitor under continuous measurement and feedback."</em></p> <p>We performed numerical simulations of the stochastic master equation using the supercomputer at ISSP.</p> <p>The contents are as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Numerical results for the correlation functions (<code>F*.dat</code>).</li> <li>Numerical results for the Fano factor and the power spectrum (<code>fano_factor*.dat</code>).</li> <li>Python code to calculate the Fano factor and the power spectrum from the correlation functions (<code>fano_factor_v6.py</code>).</li> <li>Figures illustrating the Fano factor and the power spectrum (<code>fig*.eps</code>).</li> </ul>
Data set for the study "Interplay between climate and carbon cycle feedbacks could substantially enhance future warming"
<p>This repository contains the data necessary to reproduce the results of the paper: <br>"Interplay between climate and carbon cycle feedbacks could substantially enhance future warming" <br><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adb6be" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adb6be</a></p> <h3><strong>Data organization:</strong></h3> <p>The Zenodo repository is organized as follows inside of <code>results.zip</code>:</p> <ul> <li>Figure generation are given by "*.pynb" and "*.m" files<br><br></li> <li>Data files as NetCDF output are organized with the following structure inside of <code>data</code>:<br><br> <ul> <li><strong>Experiment/emission scenario</strong>: <code>hist-aer</code>, <code>ssp126</code>, <code>ssp434</code>, and <code>ssp245</code><br><br> <ul> <li><strong>Equilibrium climate sensitivity</strong>: <code>ecs_2.0K</code>, <code>ecs_2.5K</code>, <code>ecs_3.0K</code>, <code>ecs_3.5K</code>, <code>ecs_4.0K</code>, <code>ecs_4.5K</code>, and <code>ecs_5.0K</code><br><br> <ul> <li><strong>Experiment: </strong><code>comp</code>, <code>comp_fix_ch4</code>, <code>comp_fix_co2_ch4</code>, <code>comp_ssp_co2_ch4</code><br><br> <ul> <li><strong>Component</strong>: atmosphere (<code>atm</code>), ocean (<code>ocn</code>), land (<code>lnd</code>), sea ice (<code>sic</code>), carbon dioxide (<code>co2</code>), methane (<code>ch4</code>)<br><br></li> <li><strong>File type</strong>: for some experiments, files are divided into timeseries (<code>*_ts.nc</code>) or 2D data (<code>*.nc</code>)<br><br></li> <li>Note: <code>comp_ssp_co2_ch4</code> are the CLIMBER-X runs which used prescribed concentrations (rather than emissions) and is only available for ECS 3°C<br><br></li> <li>Note: <code>comp_fix_ch4</code> and <code>comp_fix_co2_ch4</code> is only available for ECS 2°C, 3°C, and 5°C (as shown in Fig. 4 in the manuscript)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Raw data to: Biochemical Analyses of Cystatin-C Dimers and Cathepsin-B reveals a Trypsin-Driven Feedback Mechanism in Acute Pancreatitis
<p>This repository contains the initial structures, full conformational ensembles sampled using the TIGER2hPE replica-exchange MD simulation technique, and clusters resulting from subsequent ccPCA analysis, to extract major complex structures between proteins. Also attached are the initial structures of mCTSB and mCST3 predicted by AlphaFold2.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Simulation Nr.</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Components simulated<br></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>1</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>2</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>3</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSB + mCST3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>4</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSL + mCST3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>5</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSB + mCST3-R71</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>6</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSB + mCST3-R45</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>7</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSB + dCST3-R45</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>8</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>CTSB + dCST3-R28</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data for "Extreme Weather Variability on Hot Rocky Exoplanet 55 Cancri e Explained by Magma Temperature-Cloud Feedback"
<p>Data supporting "Extreme Weather Variability on Hot Rocky Exoplanet 55 Cancri e Explained by Magma Temperature-Cloud Feedback" by Loftus*, Luo*, Fan, & Kite (2025). </p> <p>* Note, these authors contributed equally.</p>
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