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Figure 5 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 5. Occlusal view of the lower molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-2, right m1-m2. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-2, right m1-m3; (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-2, right m1-m3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-2, right m1-m3. (E) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-2, left m1-m3. (F) = Lundomys molitor, UFSC-CF 32-9-1, left m1-m3. (G) = Nectomys squamipes, UFSC-CF 32-10-1, right m1-m3. (H) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-2, right m1-m3. (I) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-2, right m1-m3. (J) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-2, left m1-m2. (K) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-2, left m1-m3. Scale bars: H = 200 µm; A, B, C, D, G, I, J, K = 500 µm; E, F = 1 mm.

Figure 4 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 4. Occlusal view of the upper molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-1, left M1-M3. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-1, left M1-M3. (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-1, left M1-M3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-1, left M1-M3. (E) = Juliomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-7-1, left M1-M3. (F) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-1, left M1-M3. (G) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-1, left M1-M3. (H) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-1, left M1-M3. (I) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-1, right M1-M3. (J) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-1, left M1-M3. Scale bars: C = 200 µm; A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J = 500 µm.

Figure 1 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 1. Location of the sampling sites of the Tyto furcata pellets at the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. BV1 = Boa Vista I; BV2 = Boa Vista II; BOQ = Boqueirão; CGA = Canta Galo; EV1 = Evaristo I; EV2 = Evaristo II; ANT = Picada das Antas; PF1 = Picada Feliz I; PF2 = Picada Feliz II; QV1 = Quevedos I; QV2 = Quevedos II; RES = Reserva. Map modified from MMA (1992).

Figure 3 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 3. Chiroptera specimens from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = ventral view of the skull of Sturnira lilium, UFSC-CF 40-5-1. (B) = labial view of the right dentary of Tadarida brasiliensis, UFSC-CF 42-11-1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 2. Didelphimorphia specimens from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = labial view of the left dentary of Cryptonanus guahybae, UFSC-CF 32-2-1. (B) = labial view of the right dentary of Gracilinanus microtarsus, UFSC-CF 42-10-1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 6 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 6. Occlusal view of the upper and lower molars of the Muridae and Caviidae rodents fromTytofurcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.(A) = Mus musculus, UFSC-CF 32-15-1, left M1-M3. (B) = Rattus rattus, UFSC-CF 35-9-1, right M1-M3. (C) = Cavia aperea, UFSC-CF 43-8-1, left P4-M3. (D) = M. musculus, UFSC-CF 32-15-2, right m1-m3. (E) = R. rattus, UFSC-CF 35-9-2, right m1-m3. (F) = C. aperea, UFSC-CF 43-8-2, right p4-m3. Scale bars A, D = 200 µm; B, C, E, F = 1 mm.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Higher vascular plant abundance associated with decreased ecosystem respiration after 20 years of warming in the forest-tundra -ecotone

The ongoing climate warming is promoting shrub abundance in high latitudes, but the effect of this phenomenon on ecosystem functioning is expected to depend on whether deciduous or evergreen species increase in response to warming. To explore effects of long-term warming on shrubs and further on ecosystem functioning, we analyzed vegetation and ecosystem CO2 exchange after 20 years of warming in the forest-tundra ecotone in sub-arctic Sweden. A previous study conducted nine years earlier had found increased evergreen Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum in the forest and increased deciduous Betula nana in the tundra. Following current understanding, we expected a continued increase in shrub abundance that would be stronger in tundra than in forest. We expected warming to increase ecosystem respiration (Re) and gross primary productivity (GPP), with a greater increase in Re in tundra due to increased deciduous shrub abundance, leading to a less negative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and reduced ecosystem C sink strength. As predicted, vascular plant abundances were higher in the warmed plots with a stronger response in tundra than in forest. However, whereas B. nana had increased in abundance since the last survey, E. hermaphroditum abundance had declined due to several moth and rodent outbreaks during the past decade. In contrast to predictions, Re was significantly lower in the warmed plots irrespective of habitat, and GPP increased marginally only in the forest. The lower Re and a higher GPP under warming in the forest together led to increased net C sink. Re was negatively associated with the total vascular plant abundance. Our results highlight the importance of disturbance regimes for vegetation responses to warming. Climate warming may promote species with both a high capacity to grow under warmer conditions and a resilience towards herbivore outbreaks. Negative correlation between Re and total vascular plant abundance further indicates that the indirect impacts of increased plants on soil microclimate may become increasingly important for ecosystem CO2 exchange in the long run, which adds to the different mechanisms that link warming and CO2 fluxes in northern ecosystems.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Tree diversity across multiple scales and environmental heterogeneity promote ecosystem multifunctionality in a large temperate forest region

Aim: Biodiversity across different scales provides multidimensional insurance for ecosystem functioning. Although the positive effects of local scale (α-diversity) biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctionality are widely accepted, species turnover across communities (β-diversity) which is often an important driver of ecosystem functioning did not receive the same attention. This study broadens the understanding of how multiple attributes of biodiversity maintain ecosystem multifunctionality from local to regional scales, across diverse environmental gradients. Location: North-eastern China. Time period: 2017. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: We estimate ecosystem multifunctionality using both averaging and modified multiple thresholds (50%, 70% and 90%) approaches. Multiple dimensions of biodiversity across varying spatial scales were measured within the framework of Hill‒Chao numbers. Linear and nonlinear models were used to evaluate the optimal patterns of multifunctionality and biodiversity along the latitude. Using variance decomposition, structural equation modeling and linear mixed models, we explored how multiple attributes of tree diversity at varying spatial scales affect multifunctionality, and how these relationships are modulated by environmental drivers. Results: Our results show that multifunctionality decreased with increasing latitude, mirroring the pattern of tree diversity along latitudinal gradients. Phylogenetic β-diversity and species α-diversity emerged as crucial diversity indices for sustaining multifunctionality in these temperate forests. Soil and climatic conditions had either direct effects on multifunctionality, or indirect ones mediated by tree diversity. Environmental heterogeneity played a pivotal role in maintaining high levels of multifunctionality, exerting influence both directly and indirectly via phylogenetic β-diversity. Main conclusions: This study underscores the positive effects of biodiversity on multifunctionality across multiple dimensions. Based on our findings, we conclude that any design of a forested landscape that is aimed at maximizing multifunctionality should consider maintaining high local diversity as well as forest community heterogeneity at varying scales.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Data for Wildfire-induced Increases in Photosynthesis in Boreal Forest Ecosystems of North America

<div> Jupyter notebooks and datasets for Kim et al. (2024), Global Change Biology Kim, J. E., Wang, J. A., Li, Y., Czimczik, C. I., & Randerson, J. T. (2024). Wildfire-induced increases in photosynthesis in boreal forest ecosystems of North America. Global Change Biology, 30, e17151. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17151">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17151</a> </div>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Data - Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest

Data set and analyse used in the manuscript title "Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest". In this study we quantify the relative contribution of ants, non-ant invertebrates and vertebrates in scavenging nitrogen-rich (insect carcasses) and carbon-rich (seeds) baits in two contrasting mountainous habitats in Brazil (grasslands and forests). Testing the folowing predictions  (1) baits are more likely to be removed from the forest floor than grassland due to higher plant biomass in forest than in savannas (Miranda et al. 2014), which could indicate a higher animal biomass in the forest. However, (2) ants would have higher relative importance in scavenging in open habitats (grasslands) than in closed (forests) because in open habitats, ants have higher activity (Bucy and Breed 2006), richness (Castro et al. 2020), and there are more dominant species (Andersen 2019). (3) The role of ants in scavenging is not compensated for by other taxa when ants are absent. Finally, (4) the removal rates of animal-based baits on the ground are higher than seed baits in both environments, since animal resources are more limiting than plant resource in most habitats (Kaspari and Yanoviak 2001, Bar-On et al. 2018).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Ecosystem services at risk from disturbance in Europe's forests

This repository contains the risk map for each ecosystem service (timber supply, carbon storage, soil erosion control, outdoor recreation) and disturbance (windthrows, bark beetle, wildfires). It also includes the individual risk components: exposed values, hazard magnitude, susceptibility and lack of adaptive capacity. The exact details and methods are described in the following paper:   Lecina-Diaz J, Senf C, Grünig M, Seidl R (2024). Ecosystem services at risk from disturbance in Europe’s forests. Global Change Biology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16172">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17242</a> The spatial reference system is EPSG 3035 (ETRS89 / LAEA Europe).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

FIGURE 2 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand

FIGURE 2. The Kawarau Region, showing shelter locations (red dots) along the Kawarau River.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Final products from "3D MODELING AS A CONSERVATION TOOL TO CHARACTERIZE ENDANGERED SEASONALLY FLOODED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE VOLTA GRANDE DO XINGU, AMAZON FOREST, PARÁ, BRAZIL"

In these .zip folders, you will find the products generated from flight missions carried out between November 7th to 14th, 2021, in the Volta Grande do Xingu, Pará, Brazil.  These results are presented as an integral part of the article titled '3D MODELING AS A CONSERVATION TOOL TO CHARACTERIZE ENDANGERED SEASONALLY FLOODED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE VOLTA GRANDE DO XINGU, AMAZON FOREST, PARÁ, BRAZIL' published on the doctoral thesis "Characterization and monitoring of the flooding dynamics and seasonally flooded environments of the Volta Grande do Xingu through remote sensing", available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517">https://doi.org/10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517</a>. To understand the data processing methodology that led to these results, please refer to the thesis. Each folder represents a flight mission. They are named by date and flight number (DD_MM_YYYY_FLIGHT#). Within each folder, there are six files resulting from the processed flights: The georeferenced orthophoto and Digital Surface Model, which are raster files (.TIFs), the dense point cloud (.las), and the files composing the 3D Model generated by Agisoft Metashape (extensions .OBJ, .MTL, and .JPEG). The .OBJ file is the primary file for visualizing the model, including the three-dimensional mesh formed by the points of the point cloud and containing geometry, texture, and color information.  The .MTL file contains the material description associated with the OBJ file and includes information about the visual properties of the model, such as texture, reflections, and materials.  The .JPEG files are the texture images used on the Digital Surface Model to generate the 3D model. This information provides the model with its realistic properties. The .OBJ, .MTL and .JPEG files need to be together in the same folder for a complete 3D Model visualization (i.e., shape, color, and texture). When using this data, please cite Affonso, A. A. (2023). Caracterização e monitoramento da dinâmica de alagamento e dos ambientes sazonalmente alagáveis da Volta Grande do Xingu através de sensoriamento remoto. Tese de Doutorado, Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. doi:10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517. Recuperado em 2024-04-14, de www.teses.usp.br

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Design and performance of an ecosystem-scale forest soil warming experiment with infrared heater arrays

How forest ecosystems respond to climate warming will determine forest trajectories over the next 100 years. However, the potential effects of elevated temperature on forests remain unclear, primarily because of the absence of long-term and large-size field warming experiments in forests, especially in Asia. Here, we present the design and performance of an ecosystem-scale warming experiment using an infrared (IR) heater array in a 60-year-old temperate mixed forest at Qingyuan Forest CERN in northeastern China. In paired 108 m2 plots (n = 3), the surface soils were constantly elevated 2 degrees above control plots with a feedback control system over four years (2018-2021). Subsoils down to 60 cm depth were warmed 1.2-2 degrees. Soil warming did not affect soil moisture either in surface soils or subsoils. Turn-off time due to weather extremes (heavy rains, snow) and power outages only accounted for 2.5% of the total warming period. In conclusion, we provide a proof-of-principle setup that allows long-term analysis of forest response to warming temperatures in large-size field plots. Importantly, our warming experiment demonstrated the feasibility of IR heater arrays for soil warming in tall-statured forest ecosystems.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Supporting data (cave length, area and volume) - Bats as ecosystem engineers in iron ore caves in the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazonia

Supporting data for the manuscript "Bats as ecosystem engineers in iron ore caves in the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazonia", in PLOS ONE. Cave length (PH: horizontal projection, in meters), cave area (Área, in square meters) and cave volume (Volume, in cubic meters) for 1,309 caves in the Carajás National Forest area, Pará State, Brazilian Amazonia.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Process-based Modeling of Ecosystem-Level Monoterpene from a Japanese Larch (Larix Kaempferi) Forest

Title ''Process-based Modeling of Ecosystem-Level Monoterpene from a Japanese Larch (Larix Kaempferi) Forest'' Zhanzhuo Chen 1,2, Tomomichi Kato 3, Akihiko Ito 4,5, Tatsuya Miyauchi 3, Yoshiyuki Takahashi 4, and Jing Tang 2 1 Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0809, Japan 2 Center for Volatile Interactions (VOLT), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark 3 Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan 4 Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan 5 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan Correspondence to: Tomomichi Kato (tkato@agr.hokudai.ac.jp)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Data from: Forest carbon sink in the U.S. (1870–2012) driven by substitution of forest ecosystem service flows

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Carbon sequestration in intact rare ecosystems and their encroaching forests (Michigan, USA)

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are impacting global temperatures, ecological systems, and human societies. Natural carbon sequestration through the conservation of soil and native ecosystems may slow or reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, and thus slow or mitigate the rate of global warming. Most of the research investigating carbon sequestration in natural systems occurs in forested ecosystems, however rare ecosystems such as coastal plain marshes and wet-mesic sand prairie collectively may serve as significant carbon sinks. Our objectives were to measure and assess the importance of carbon sequestration in three rare ecosystems (oak-pine barrens, coastal plain marsh, and wet-mesic sand prairie) in western Lower Michigan. We measured carbon in standing vegetation, dead organic matter, and soils within each ecosystem and adjacent encroaching forested areas. Driven by tree carbon, total carbon stocks in encroaching areas were greater than in intact rare ecosystems. Soil organic carbon was greater in all intact ecosystems, though only significantly so in coastal plain marsh. Principal components analysis explained 72% of the variation and revealed differences between intact ecosystems and their encroaching areas. Linear models using the ratio of red to green light reflectance successfully predicted SOC in intact coastal plain marsh and wet-mesic sand prairie. Our results infer the importance of these rare ecosystems in sequestering carbon in soils and support the need to establish federal or state management practices for the conservation of these systems.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 4 in Preliminary Biophysical Assessment Of Forest Ecosystem Services: Two Model Area Examples

Fig. 4. Ecosystem class: mediation of noise impacts, indicator: Estimated noise reduction.