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141 results for “forest regeneration”
Data from: Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India
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Evidence for antagonistic effects of climate change and exotic pathogens on regeneration of Mediterranean forests
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The vegetation composition, structure and regeneration status of Gole Natural Forest, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
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Associations between socio-environmental factors and landscape-scale biodiversity recovery in naturally regenerating tropical and subtropical forests
<p class="western"><span><span>Natural regeneration is key for large-scale forest restoration, yet it may lead to different biodiversity outcomes depending on socio-environmental context. We combined the results of a global meta-analysis to quantify how biodiversity recovery in naturally regenerating forests deviates from biodiversity values in reference old-growth forests, with structural equation modeling, to identify direct and indirect associations between socioeconomic, biophysical and ecological factors and deviation in biodiversity recovery at a landscape scale. Low deviation within a landscape means higher chances of multiple sites in naturally regenerating forests successfully recovering biodiversity compared to reference forests. Deviation in biodiversity recovery was directly negatively associated with the percentage of cropland, forest cover, and positively associated with the percentage of urban areas in the surrounding landscape. These three factors mediated the indirect associations with rural population size, recent gross deforestation, time since natural regeneration started, mean annual temperature, mean annual water deficit, road density, land opportunity cost, percentage cover of strictly protected forest areas, and human population variation in the surrounding landscape. We suggest that natural forest restoration should be prioritized in landscapes with both low socioeconomic pressures on land use conversion to pasturelands and urban areas, and high percentage of forest cover.</span></span></p>
Using multiple seedlots in restoration planting enhances genetic diversity compared to natural regeneration in fragmented tropical forests
<p>Catastrophic degradation of forests is ongoing worldwide and leads to severe forest fragmentation. Restoration plantings are often necessary to restore fragmented forests, complementing the limited natural regeneration. High genetic diversity is critical for the long-term viability of restored forests. However, there is limited knowledge of whether planted populations capture a genetic variation comparable to natural populations. We measured the efficiency of two forest restoration strategies using the common tropical oak <em>Quercus bambusifolia</em>. The multi-seedlot planting was established over ten years by collecting seeds from several locations in fragmented secondary forests of Hong Kong, while the single seedlot planting was established in just one year with seeds from a single natural location. We analysed the genetic diversity and genetic structure from both plantings and compared them with natural populations. The multi-seedlot planting exhibited a higher rate of genetic recovery, greater genetic diversity (He = 0.69), and higher effective population size (Ne_p = 86.5) compared to natural populations (He = 0.66, Ne_p = 64.3, on average) and the single seedlot planting (He = 0.50, Ne_p = 30.8). The multi-seedlot planting erased the effect of seed shadows which was detected in natural populations while the single seedlot planting strengthened the effect. We conclude that capturing high levels of genetic diversity in the collection of propagules is a standard requirement to ensure the long-term viability of forest restoration. Propagule collection over multiple years is required when only a few parental trees are available to avoid founder effects.</p>
Data from: Effects of light and topography on regeneration and coexistence of evergreen and deciduous tree species in a Chinese subtropical forest
1. Evergreen broad-leaved forests are widely distributed in eastern Asia with evergreen (EBL) and deciduous (DBL) broad-leaved tree species coexisting under the same climatic regime, raising questions as to the underlying mechanisms. Since EBL and DBL species differ in leaf lifespan, a key component of resource economic strategies, their coexistence might be attributed to regeneration niche partitioning across habitats varying in resource supply. 2. We investigated the effects of variation in insolation and topography on regeneration of EBL and DBL species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of eastern China after an ice storm that caused severe canopy disturbance. 3. Using a mixed-effects modeling framework and census data from 2011 to 2014 on 8548 wild seedlings of 123 species, we quantified habitat preferences of EBL and DBL species during post-disturbance regeneration and how their survival and height relative growth rates varied among habitats. 4. The relative density of DBL seedlings (proportional to all seedlings) was greater in habitats with greater (canopy gaps) compared to lesser (understory) insolation and increased with canopy gap size. However, DBL seedlings were not more frequent in higher (valleys) compared to lower (ridges) fertility habitats. Although DBL seedlings exhibited larger differences in growth between higher and lower resource habitats than EBL seedlings, their growth rates did not increase with canopy gap size. Seedlings of EBL species had high survival in all habitats, but larger DBL seedlings survived equally well on ridges. Consequently, the relative density of DBL seedlings declined in valleys, so that by 2014 it became more similar in valley and ridge habitats, whereas it remained higher in gaps than in the understory, and especially in larger gaps. 5. Synthesis. Specialization on contrasting topographic habitats is considered the primary mechanism mediating coexistence between DBL and EBL species. Our results, however, suggest this may not always be true, since seedlings of DBL and EBL species partitioned regeneration niches based on light more so than topography. We propose that coexistence of DBL and EBL species can strongly depend upon canopy disturbance to create a mosaic of habitat patches, including high light gaps favoring regeneration of DBL species.
Data from: Ephemeral forest regeneration limits carbon sequestration potential in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
<p>This dataset contains native forest cover and planted forests data for 3014 municipalities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Brazil, used in the paper: "Piffer, P.R., Calaboni, A., Rosa, M.R., Schwartz, N.B., Tambosi, L.R., & Uriarte, M. (2021) Ephemeral forest regeneration limits carbon sequestration potential in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Global Change Biology". The land cover data was obtained from the Mapbiomas Collection 5 products and is publicly available at <a href="https://mapbiomas.org/">https://mapbiomas.org/</a> for download. Socioeconomic data was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, available at https://sidra.ibge.gov.br. More information on the dataset, analysis and results can be found in the associated manuscript referenced above.</p>
Data for "Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation"
<p>All data associated with Busch et al. (2024) “Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation,” <em>Nature Climate Change</em>, doi: 10.1038/s41558-024-02068-1 are publicly available here. To facilitate reproducibility of our results and use of our datasets, we provide all intermediate datasets in addition to the final results. We provide brief dsecriptions of the published datasets in the 00_README.docx file, including contact information for individuals associated with each dataset. We encourage the use of our data and are happy to answer questions as needed.</p> <p>When using these data, please cite:</p> <p>Busch, J., Bukoski, J.J., Cook-Patton, S.C. Griscom, B., Kaczan, D., Potts, M.D., Yi, Y., and Vincent, J.R. Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation. <em>Nat. Clim. Chang.</em> <strong>14</strong>, 996–1002 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02068-1</p>
Fig. 8 in Methods for controlling natural regeneration of Japanese raisintree (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.) in Araucaria forest
Fig. 8. Average height of saplings after application of Japanese raisintree control methods control, base cut and root removal in treatments at different evaluation periods (0, 60, 120, and 180 days after the application of the control method) in an Araucaria Forest in São João do Triunfo, Paraná.
Fig. 6 in Methods for controlling natural regeneration of Japanese raisintree (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.) in Araucaria forest
Fig. 6. Average number of saplings after the application of Japanese raisintree control methods control, base cut and root removal in treatments at different evaluation periods (0, 60, 120, and 180 days). The study was conducted in an Araucaria Forest in São João do Triunfo, Paraná.
Fig. 2 in Ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the third year of regeneration after a hurricane in the Puszcza Piska pine forests
Fig. 2. Log-fitted abundance curves for carabid beetle species abundance in stands destroyed by the hurricane (P) and control stands (M) in age classes: I and V.
Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests
<p>1. Throughout the tropics, regenerating secondary forests occupy vast areas previously cleared for agriculture and cattle ranching. However, despite the importance of regenerating forests in mitigating the pervasive negative consequences of forest loss and fragmentation on forest-associated biodiversity, longitudinal studies on species' phylogenetic responses to matrix regeneration are rare.</p> <p>2. We surveyed bats in continuous primary forest, primary forest fragments and in the regenerating secondary forest matrix of a whole-ecosystem Amazonian fragmentation experiment, ~15 and ~30 years after forest clearance, to investigate how changes in matrix quality through forest recovery affect phylogenetic <i>α</i>- and <i>β</i>-diversity.</p> <p>3. We found that temporal changes in phylogenetic <i>α</i>-richness were more marked in the secondary forest matrix than in forest fragments and continuous forest, evidencing a significant increase in total evolutionary history over time. However, when the effects of species richness were accounted for, the phylogenetic structure of each assemblage was reduced close to zero, evincing a random pattern of lineages in all habitat types. Temporal differences in phylogenetic <i>β</i>-diversity were driven mainly by <i>β</i><sub>replacement </sub>in secondary forest and continuous forest ~30 years after forest clearance. Both habitats also clustered together in terms of <i>β</i><sub>richness</sub>, indicating similar levels of evolutionary heritage. Consequently, regenerating secondary forest showed a reduction in the extinction probability of lineages over time.</p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> Approximately 30 years of secondary forest regeneration were sufficient for phylogenetic richness to recover to levels similar to those observed in continuous forest. Promoting forest succession on degraded land through a combination of natural and active restoration, while ensuring the long-term protection of secondary forests regardless of their age is of key importance for conserving tropical bat diversity and their associated ecosystem services. Such restoration measures would stimulate the recolonization of fragments and matrix habitats by evolutionarily distinct bat species, safeguarding phylogenetically diverse assemblages and ecological functions. Our study suggests that forest restoration in tropical degraded areas should be encouraged and secondary forests be protected by law, especially in countryside ecosystems with high primary forest cover, and in the surroundings of protected areas.</p>
Data from: Effects of light and topography on regeneration and coexistence of evergreen and deciduous tree species in a Chinese subtropical forest
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Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests
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Using multiple seedlots in restoration planting enhances genetic diversity compared to natural regeneration in fragmented tropical forests
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Associations between socio-environmental factors and landscape-scale biodiversity recovery in naturally regenerating tropical and subtropical forests
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Data from: Ephemeral forest regeneration limits carbon sequestration potential in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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Joint control of plant ecological strategy by climate, regeneration mode, and ontogeny in Northeastern Chinese forests
Research on how plant ecological strategies (competitive, stress-tolerant, or ruderal) vary within species may improve our understanding of plant and community responses to climate warming and also successional changes. With increasing temperature, the importance of ruderal (R) and stress-tolerance (S) components is hypothesized to decrease, while the strength of the competitive (C) component should increase. Offshoots and younger plants are predicted to have greater R and smaller S components. Leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and specific leaf area were measured for 1,344 forest plants belonging to 134 species in Northeastern China, and C, R, and S scores calculated for each. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess how these indicators differed among study sites (n = 2), regeneration types, ontogenetic stages, and plant life forms. The two study sites have an average annual temperature difference of 0.675°C, simulating a temperature increase of 0.630°C due to climate warming. Higher temperatures reduce low-temperature stress and frost damage, which may explain the observed decrease in R and S scores; at the same time, plant competitive ability increased, as manifested by higher C scores. This effect was most pronounced for herbs, but nearly negligible as compared to the effect of regeneration type for trees and of ontogeny for woody species. Resprouting trees and younger woody plants had higher R scores and lower S scores, a sign of adaptation to high disturbance. A small increase in mean annual temperature led to shifts in CSR strategy components for herbaceous species, without altering the vegetation type or community composition. Offshoots and younger plants had higher R and lower S scores, shedding light on similar changes in the ecological strategies of tree communities during secondary succession, such as the transition of Quercus mongolica coppices to forest, and age-related changes in Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla forests.
Joint control of plant ecological strategy by climate, regeneration mode, and ontogeny in Northeastern Chinese forests
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LBA-ECO ND-11 Regeneration in Undisturbed and Logged Forests, NW Mato Grosso, Brazil
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