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221 results for “formalization”
FIGURE 1. A–C in Formal recognition of six subordinate taxa within the South American bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum (P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum s.l. -Dennstaedtiaceae), based on morphology and geography
FIGURE 1. A–C. Pteridium esculentum subsp. campestre: A. pinnule (Nonato 927), B. segment, abaxially (Schwartsburd 2411), C. segment, cross section, abaxial side up, showing strigose veins, with stiff, acicular hairs, and laminar tissue between the veins with farinaceous appearance, fully covered with gnarled hairs (Schwartsburd 2411), D–F. Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum var. arachnoideum: D. pinnule (Schwartsburd 2490), E. segment, abaxially (Schwartsburd 2490), F. segment, cross section, abaxial side up, showing serieceous veins, with lax, arachnoid hairs, and glabrous laminar tissue between the veins (Schwartsburd 2490). "s.d.s.": simple distal segments, "c.d.s.": compound distal segments. Drawn by R. Pinto, reproduced from Schwartsburd et al. (Phytotaxa 170(2): 105. 2014).
FIGURE 3. A–C in Formal recognition of six subordinate taxa within the South American bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum (P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum s.l. -Dennstaedtiaceae), based on morphology and geography
FIGURE 3. A–C. Pteridium esculentum subsp. gryphus var. gryphus: A. pinnule (Gleason 423), B. segment, abaxially (Gleason 423), C. segment, cross section, abaxial side up, showing sericeous veins, with lax, arachnoid hairs, and laminar tissue between the veins with farinaceous appearance, fully covered by gnarled hairs (Gleason 423), D–F. Pteridium esculentum subsp. gryphus var. harpianum: D. pinnule ("B.W." 1121 [US-2019769]), E. segment, abaxially (Barreto 1623), F. segment, cross section, abaxial side up, showing veins abaxially nearly glabrous, and laminar tissue between the veins with farinaceous appearance, fully covered by gnarled hairs (Barreto 1623). Drawn by R. Pinto.
FIGURE 2 in Formal recognition of six subordinate taxa within the South American bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum (P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum s.l. -Dennstaedtiaceae), based on morphology and geography
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (red circles), P. esculentum subsp. campestre (green circles), and P. esculentum subsp. gryphus (blue circles) in South America.
FIGURE 7 in Formal recognition of six subordinate taxa within the South American bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum (P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum s.l. -Dennstaedtiaceae), based on morphology and geography
FIGURE 7. Distribution of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (red circles), P. esculentum subsp. campestre (green circles), and P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum × P. esculentum subsp. campestre (gray circles) in South America.
FIGURE 6 in Formal recognition of six subordinate taxa within the South American bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum (P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum s.l. -Dennstaedtiaceae), based on morphology and geography
FIGURE 6. Distribution of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum var. arachnoideum (red circles) and P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum var. paedomorficum (purple circles) in South America.
Dataset and models from: Covariant Jacobi-Legendre expansion for total energy calculations within the projector-augmented-wave formalism
<p>Scripts, related code, files, and dataset for the paper: Covariant Jacobi-Legendre expansion for total energy calculations within the projector-augmented-wave formalism.</p>
Do AI assistants help students write formal specifications? A study with ChatGPT and the B-Method
<p>Replication package of the paper: "Do AI assistants help students write formal specifications? A study with ChatGPT and the B-Method." <br>Submitted to the 37th edition of the IEEE Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T), co-located with ICSE 2025. </p>
Figure 7 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny
Figure 7. Presence/absence of the 'robustus' morphotype and sexual systems of Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus shrimps synthesized on the tree resulting from the one-phase SATé-II analysis of maximum likelihood. Robustus morphotype: presence (black squares), absence (white squares), unknown (grey squares). Sexual system: separate sexes (white squares), protandry (black squares), unknown (grey squares). The photographs show a 'robustus' male morphotype of Rhynchocinetes typus (left, bottom) and a male specimen of the protandric Cinetorhynchus uritai (right, bottom). Males in the latter species exhibit poorly developed chelipeds and maxillipeds in comparison with 'robustus' males of species of Rhynchocinetes. For further details see text. Photographic credits: M. Thiel (C. uritai), I. Hinojosa (Rhynchocinetes typus).
Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny
Figure 4. One-phase simultaneous alignment and tree estimation (SATé-II) analysis of maximum likelihood (ML) for representatives of the family Rhynchocinetidae using two nuclear genes. The phylogenetic tree resulted from the combined analysis of 12S, Histone (H3), and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Eugonatonotus (one taxon), and outgroups. The numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analyses in SATé-II.
Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny
Figure 1. Some morphological characters of shrimps from the genera Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus. A, 'cage' position during mating in the shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus, the only species of marine caridean shrimp for which alternative mating tactics have been demonstrated so far. Notice the well-developed third maxillipeds and chelipeds characteristic of the 'robustus' male morphotype. B, habitus (view of the entire animal) of the hinged-beak shrimp genus Cinetorhynchus. C, lateral view of the rostrum of R. typus. Notice the articulation (arrow) of the rostrum with the remainder of the carapace. D, lateral view of the rostrum of Cinetorhynchus rigens. Notice the indistinct articulation between the carapace and the rostrum (compared with Rhynchocinetes). E, dorsal view of the carapace in C. rigens. Notice the three teeth at the median carina of the carapace and the absence of a supraorbital spine. F, dorsal view of the carapace in R. typus. Notice the two acute teeth at the median carina of the carapace and the supraorbital spine. G, lateral view of the fourth and fifth pereopods of R. typus. Notice the presence of only one row of meral spines on these pereopods. H, lateral view of the fourth and fifth pereopods of C. rigens. Notice the presence of two rows of meral spines. A from Correa et al. (2003); B–H from de Melo (2007).
Figure 3. A in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny
Figure 3. A, one-phase simultaneous alignment and tree estimation (SATé-II) analysis of maximum likelihood (ML) for representatives of the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea using two nuclear genes. B, two-phase phylogenetic analysis of Bayesian inference (BI) using two nuclear genes for representatives of the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea. The two phylogenetic trees resulted from the combined analysis of Histone (H3) and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Nematocarcinus (three taxa), Eugonatonotus (one taxon), and outgroups. In (B), the general topology of the trees obtained from two-phase ML and BI analyses was the same. In (A), the numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analysis in SATé-II. In (B), numbers above or below the branches represent the posterior probabilities from the BI analysis in MrBayes and bootstrap values obtained from the ML analyses in TREEFINDER (ML/BI).
Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny
Figure 2. Habitus and morphological diversity of hinged-beak shrimps from the genera Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus and allied species in the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea. A, lateral view of Eugonatonotus crassus (Eugonatonotidae) (photo credit: Charles Bump, SERT). B, lateral view of Cinetorhynchus cf. maningi (photo credit: Arthur Anker). C, pair of Cinetorhynchus hendersoni in situ (photo credit: Nicolas Ory). Notice the male on the right with extremely elongated pereopods. D, large aggregation of Rhynchocinetes uritai in Japan (photo credit: Martin Thiel). E, dorsal view of a 'robustus' male of Rhynchocinetes typus (photo credit: Ivan Hinojosa). Notice the elongated third maxillipeds and the dense setae in the chelipeds. F, small aggregation of Rhynchocinetes serratus (photo credit: Ivan Hinojosa). In the male perched on the roof of the crevice, notice the elongated third maxillipeds and the absence of dense setae on the chelipeds. G, lateral view of Cinetorhynchus cf. rigens (photo credit: Arthur Anker).
Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny
Figure 5. Two-phase (above) and three-phase (below) phylogenetic analyses of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) for representatives of the family Rhynchocinetidae using three genes. The software MUSCLE was used for sequence alignment The two phylogenetic trees resulted from the combined analysis of 12S, Histone (H3), and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Eugonatonotus (one taxon) and outgroups. The general topology of the trees obtained from two-phase and three-phase ML and BI analyses was the same. The numbers above or below the branches represent the posterior probabilities from the BI analysis in MrBayes and bootstrap values obtained from ML analyses in TREEFINDER (ML/BI).
FIGURE 3 in Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?
FIGURE 3. Lateral view of three Garra individuals of different sizes; a, ZM-CBSU E811, 92.3 mm SL; b, ZM-CBSU E814, 80.4 mm SL; c, ZM-CBSU E818, 61.4 mm SL; Iran: Kol River tributary, Golabi spring.
FIGURE 2 in Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?
FIGURE 2. General morphology of a Garra specimen ZM-CBSU E812, 87 mm SL; Iran: Kol River drainage, Golabi spring.
FIGURE 8 in Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?
FIGURE 8. Lateral view of caudal skeleton in a, Garra (Kol River) and b, G. mondica. Ans: Accessory Nural Spine; Epu: epural; Hp1–6: hypural plates 1–6; Hsp: hemal spine; Ns: neural spine; Pah: Parhypural; Pus: pleurostyle; Rna: rudimentary neural arch; Urn: uroneural.
FIGURE 5 in Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?
FIGURE 5. Ventral view of head of a Garra specimen ZM-CBSU E812, 87 mm SL; Iran: Kol River drainage, Golabi spring.
FIGURE 7 in Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?
FIGURE 7. Lateral view of infraorbital skeleton in a, Garra (Kol River) and b, G. mondica. Lac: lachrymal; Io2–3: infraorbitals; Ioc: infraorbital sensory canal.
FIGURE 1 in Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?
FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny reconstructed based on 652 bp of COI 5' end. The values besides the branches before and after a slash are BI posterior and ML bootstrap probability values, respectively. Black bars to the right of
FIGURE 4 in Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?
FIGURE 4. Ventral view of three Garra individuals of different sizes; a, ZM-CBSU E811, 92.3 mm SL; b, ZM-CBSU E814, 80.4 mm SL; c, ZM-CBSU E818, 61.4 mm SL; Iran: Kol River tributary, Golabi spring.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.