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665 results for “foundation”

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zenodo36/100

Literature Survey of Electrostatic Incidents- Fire Protection Research Foundation report data

The attached spreadsheet includes 89 incidents gathered as part of a FPRF report (report number FPRF-2021-07)  "Static Electricity Incident Review" produced in August 2021. The report is available at: <a href="https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Data-research-and-tools/Electrical/Static-Electricity-Incident-Review ">https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Data-research-and-tools/Electrical/Static-Electricity-Incident-Review </a> The incidents gathered are on electrostatic incidents found in the literature or public domain,  and categorized in the following 10 columns: <ol> <li>Incident Date</li> <li>Incident Location</li> <li>Incident Type</li> <li>Summary of Incident</li> <li>Potential NFPA 77 technical item that was breached</li> <li>Link/references to incident (if available)</li> <li>Number of Casualties</li> <li>Date last accessed</li> <li>Conclusions</li> <li>Why the incident happened.  </li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Genetic divergence along a climate gradient shapes chemical plasticity of a foundation tree species to both changing climate and herbivore damage

Climate change is threatening the persistence of many tree species via independent and interactive effects on abiotic and biotic conditions. In addition, changes in temperature, precipitation, and insect attacks can alter the traits of these trees, disrupting communities and ecosystems. For foundation species such as Populus, phytochemical traits are key mechanisms linking trees with their environment and are likely jointly determined by interactive effects of genetic divergence and variable environments throughout their geographic range. Using reciprocal Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) common gardens along a steep climatic gradient, we explored how environment (garden climate and simulated herbivore damage) and genetics (tree provenance and genotype) affect both foliar chemical traits and the plasticity of these traits. We found that: 1) Constitutive and plastic chemical responses to changes in garden climate and damage varied among defense compounds, structural compounds and nitrogen. 2) For both defense and structural compounds, plastic responses to garden climate depended on the climate in which a population or genotype evolved. Specifically, trees originating from cool provenances showed higher defense plasticity in response to climate changes than trees from hotter provenances. 3) Trees from cool provenances growing in cool conditions expressed the lowest constitutive defense levels but the strongest induced (plastic) defenses. 4) The combination of hot growing conditions and simulated herbivory switched the strategy used by these genotypes, increasing constitutive defenses but erasing the capacity for induction. Because Fremont cottonwood chemistry plays a major role in shaping riparian communities and ecosystems in the southwestern US, the effects of changes in phytochemical traits can be wide-reaching. As the southwestern US is confronted with warming temperatures and insect outbreaks, these results improve our capacity to predict ecosystem consequences of climate change and inform selection of tree genotypes for conservation and restoration purposes.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Tourists' perceptions of water quality in Finland, dataset, related to article "Browning of Boreal Lakes: Do Public Perceptions and Governance Meet the Biological Foundations?"

Tourists' perceptions of water quality in Finland, dataset, related to article "Browning of Boreal Lakes: Do Public Perceptions and Governance Meet the Biological Foundations?" by Albrecht et al. (2022). Article abstract: "Surface water browning, also known as brownification, is an acute environmental issue concerning inland waters. We adopt an interdisciplinary perspective and combine limnology, ecology, environmental law, tourism, and economics to build a theoretical framework to understand the consequences and management needs concerning water browning, generate a research agenda, and pinpoint acute research needs. Using a systematic review approach, we identify gaps of knowledge and address the impacts of browning on lake ecosystem functioning. To support the biological information, we present primary survey data to define the recreational use and public perception of waters in Finland. We identified an urgent need for the development of indicators of brownification beyond EU’s Water Framework Directive (WFD) to be able to balance the costs of browning with terrestrial activities that increase browning. Despite a considerable body of research already exists, there is still a need for better understanding of the biogeochemical processes related to browning to progress towards ecosystem-based management of inland waters. Public perception of the quality of waterbodies in Finland was largely in agreement with the proportion of waterbodies classified to meet the good or excellent ecological status, but recreational fishers may value different aspects of water quality compared to the classification based on WFD. Consequently, to build an interdisciplinary understanding of how browning affects boreal lakes and their uses, we suggest improvements for environmental regulation concerning the impact assessment of terrestrial land use activities and ecosystem-based management of inland waters."

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data and R scripts for: Ant invasions is associated with lower root density and different root distribution of a foundational savanna tree species

Some invasive ants have worldwide distributions and impose substantial impacts on human society and native biodiversity. Yet we know little about how ants impact soil ecosystems in general, much less how soil ecosystems shift when invasive ants move in. We excavated the coarse roots of a monodominant savanna tree in invaded and uninvaded areas to test the hypothesis that the presence of invasive ants would be associated with changes in root distribution and biomass across the landscape. We found that in the presence of invasive ants, trees had a shifted distribution of lateral coarse roots, with proportionally less root biomass near the surface and far from tree stems. In addition, the density of lateral coarse-root biomass was ~20% lower for trees within invaded landscapes. Our results suggest that soil-nesting invasive ants can drive important changes in rooting strategy for a tree species that serves a foundational role in the biogeochemical cycles of vertisol savannas.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Multi-gene phylogeny of North American clear-winged moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): A foundation for future evolutionary study of a speciose mimicry complex

Sesiids are a diverse group of predominantly diurnal moths, many of which are Batesian mimics of Hymenoptera. However, their diversity and relationships are poorly understood. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of 48 North American sesiid species confirmed the traditional taxonomic tribal ranks, demonstrated the paraphyly of Carmenta and Synanthedon with respect to several other genera, and ultimately provided minimal phylogenetic resolution within and between North American and European groups. Character support from each gene suggested inconsistency between the phylogenetic signal of the CAD gene and that of the other four genes. However, removal of CAD from subsequent phylogenetic analyses did not substantially change the initial phylogenetic results or return Carmenta and Synanthedon as reciprocally monophyletic, suggesting it was not impacting the overall phylogenetic signal. The lack of resolution using genes that are typically informative at the species level for other lepidopterans suggests a surprisingly rapid radiation of species in Carmenta/Synanthedon. This group also exhibits a wide range of mimicry strategies and hostplant usage, which could be fertile ground for future study.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

06 - How to provide science with solid foundations...at the origins of critical thinking (Part 2)

Session #6 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'How to provide science with solid foundations...at the origins of critical thinking (Part 1)', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy. During the session, Prof. Gattei covers Wittgenstein, Logical Positivism and the life of the Vienna Circle.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

05 - How to provide science with solid foundations...at the origins of critical thinking (Part 1)

Session #5 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'How to provide science with solid foundations...at the origins of critical thinking (Part 1)', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy. In this session, Prof. Gattei covers the ways in which the Second Scientific Revolution was also intertwined with a revolution in the philosophy of science.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Grazer host density mediates the ability of parasites to protect foundational plants from overgrazing

Like many top consumers, parasites can regulate feeding of their prey via trait-mediated means. If parasites modify the feeding behavior of ecologically important grazers, they may have cascading effects on the structure and functioning of whole plant communities. The extent to which parasites can influence plant communities in this way is largely dependent on the strength of their behavioral alteration, their prevalence in host grazers, and the density of those hosts. Recent experiments and comparative surveys in southeastern USA salt marshes revealed that common larval trematode parasites suppress the per capita grazing impacts of the marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata), generating a trophic cascade that protects foundational marsh plants from drought-associated overgrazing. Here, we conducted a field manipulation wherein we modified grazer host density while holding infection prevalence constant at an ecologically relevant level (20%) to determine whether the indirect, facilitative effects of parasites on marsh plants varied with the density of grazers. We found that parasites had significant positive impacts on marsh net primary productivity at moderate densities of snails (≥50 snails/ 0.5 m2), but that the positive effects of parasites were negligible at lower densities. Our results confirm the findings of previous studies that parasites can protect marsh plants from overgrazing at sufficiently high prevalence but show that their ability to do so depends on host density.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Ecological consequences of plant genotypic diversity within a foundation plant, Spartina alterniflora, are pervasive but not universal across multiple stress gradients

<ol> <li>Plant genotypic diversity can influence population- and community-level processes, yet we have a limited understanding of how these effects vary across environmental gradients that are ubiquitous in nature. </li> <li>We conducted a 2-year field experiment manipulating plant (Spartina alterniflora) genotypic diversity across a natural stress gradient in tidal elevation, both with and without the addition of nutrients. </li> <li> Spartina diversity increased stem production, but the magnitude of this effect was reduced at both the most stressful and most benign endpoints of the combined elevation and nutrient gradient, consistent with recent species diversity studies. Complementarity among individuals likely underpins the observed benefit of Spartina diversity. </li> <li> Spartina diversity also affected the associated marsh community, with higher consumer (Littoraria irrorata) abundance in more diverse plots, owing to both greater Spartina density and increased variation in Spartina traits.</li> <li> Synthesis: The positive effects of Spartina diversity on population- and community-level responses under most environmental conditions highlights the ecological importance of plant genotypic diversity for the maintenance of function across the marsh landscape. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Microevolutionary processes in a foundation tree inform macrosystem patterns of community biodiversity and structure

Despite an increased focus on multiscale relationships and interdisciplinary integration, few macroecological studies consider the contribution of genetic-based processes to landscape-scale patterns. We tested the hypothesis that tree genetics, climate, and geography jointly drive continental-scale patterns of community structure, using genome-wide SNP data from a broadly distributed foundation tree species (<a>Populus fremontii</a> S. Watson) and two dependent communities (leaf-modifying arthropods and fungal endophytes) spanning southwestern North America. Four key findings emerged: (1) Tree genetic structure was a significant predictor for both communities; however, the strength of influence was both scale- and community-dependent. (2) Tree genetics was the primary driver for endophytes, explaining 17% of variation in continental-scale community structure, whereas (3) climate was the strongest predictor of arthropod structure (24%). (4) Power to detect tree genotype<a>—</a>community phenotype associations changed with scale of genetic organization, increasing from individuals to populations to ecotypes, emphasizing the need to consider nonstationarity (i.e., changes in the effects of factors on ecological processes across scales) when inferring macrosystem properties. Our findings highlight the role of foundation tree species as drivers of macroscale community structure and provide macrosystems ecology with a theoretical framework for linking fine- and intermediate-scale genetic processes to landscape-scale patterns. Management of genetic diversity harbored within foundation species is a critical consideration for conserving and sustaining regional biodiversity.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

EDWARDS INTUITY Valve System FOUNDATION Study

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02338154. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 9. Publications: 1.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

dryad36/100