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690 results for “free-living”
Fig. 14 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 14. Dorylaimus analatus. Hind part.
Fig 13 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig 13. Dorylaimus analatus. Front end.
Fig. 12 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 12. Dorylaimus groenlandicus. Hind part.
Fig. 10 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 10. Dorylaimus groenlandicus. Front end.
Fig. 8 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 8. Mononchus braflhyufís- FWM efld-
Fig. 18 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 18. Dorylaimus conicaudatus Oesophageal gland.
Fig. 11 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 11. Dorylaimus groenlandicus. Hind part of the oesophagus.
Fig. 9 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 9. Mononchus brachyuris. Tail.
Fig. 17 in XXII. Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, Land and Freshwater.
Fig. 17. Dorylaimus conicaudtus. Hind part of a specimen with more acute tail
Fig. 1 in Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates Lakes in Turkey (Protista) from Two Hypersaline
Fig. 1. Map of study sites.
Inter-annual repeatability and age-dependent changes in plasma testosterone levels in a longitudinally monitored free-living passerine bird
<p>While seasonal trends in testosterone levels are known from cross-cohort studies, data on testosterone inter-annual individual repeatability in wild birds are rare. Also, our understanding of hormonal age-dependent changes in testosterone levels is limited. We assessed plasma testosterone levels in 105 samples originating from 49 repeatedly captured free-living great tits (<i>Parus major</i>) sampled during the nesting to investigate their relative long-term repeatability and within-individual changes. Furthermore, we examined the inter-annual repeatability of condition-related traits (carotenoid- and melanin-based plumage ornamentation, ptilochronological feather growth rate, body mass, and haematological heterophil/lymphocyte ratio) and their relationships to testosterone levels. We show that testosterone levels are inter-annually repeatable in females, with a non-significant pattern in males, both in absolute values and individual ranks (indicating the maintenance of relative status in a population). In males, we found a quadratic dependence of testosterone levels on age, with a peak in midlife. In contrast, female testosterone levels showed no age-dependent trends. The inter-annual repeatability of condition<span>-</span>related traits ranged from zero to moderate and was mostly unrelated to plasma testosterone concentrations. However, males with elevated testosterone had significantly higher carotenoid-pigmented yellow plumage brightness, a trait presumably involved in mating. Showing inter-annual repeatability in testosterone levels, this research opens the way to further understanding the causes of variation in condition-related traits. Based on a longitudinal dataset, this study demonstrates that male plasma testosterone undergoes age-related changes that may regulate resource allocation. Our results thus suggest that, unlike females, male birds undergo hormonal senescence similar to mammals.</p>
Short-term social dynamics following anthropogenic and natural disturbances in a free-living mammal
<p><span>Anthropogenic disturbances are widely recognized for their </span><span>far-reaching consequences on the survival and reproduction of wildlife, but we understand comparatively little about their effects on the social lives of group-living animals. </span><span>Here we </span><span>examined these short-term changes in affiliative behavior as part of a long-term study </span><span>on a </span><span>human-tolerant and socially flexible population of California ground squirrels </span><span>(<em>Otospermophilus beecheyi</em>).</span><span> We </span><span>used social network analysis to examine</span><span> short-term changes in affiliative behavior and individual consistency in response to disturbances by humans, domestic dogs, or a natural predator (the coyote). </span><span>Overall, juveniles were more involved than adults in affiliative interactions, but the short-term directional effects of these acute disturbances on social cohesion varied by disturbance type. Human and dog presence reduced aboveground connectivity, particularly for juveniles, whereas disturbances by coyotes generally promoted it. Beyond these effects, we also detected non-random responses to disturbances, though individuals were not very consistent in their directional response to different disturbance types. </span><span>Our results demonstrate the flexible changes in social behavior triggered by short-term disturbances imposed by humans and other threats. </span><span>More generally, our findings elucidate the underappreciated sensitivity of animal social interactions to short-term ecological disturbances, raising key questions about their consequences on the social lives of animals.</span></p>
Examining the interaction between free-living bacteria and iron in the global ocean
<p>The model outputs, relevant data, and MATLAB scripts to reproduce the figures shown in the manuscript "Examining the interaction between free-living bacteria and iron in the global ocean" by Anh Le-Duy Pham, Olivier Aumont, Lavenia Ratnarajah, and Alessandro Tagliabue.</p> <p>Please contact the corresponding author Anh Pham (anh.pham@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr or anhlpham78@ucla.edu) for any questions.</p>
Risk-taking coping style correlates with SERT SNP290 polymorphisms in free-living great tits
<p>The coping style of an individual in relation to potentially dangerous situations has been suggested to be inherited in a polygenic fashion, being SERT one of the candidate genes. In this paper, we assessed in free-living great tits Parus major the association between SNP290 in the SERT promoter and three standard fear-related behaviors, namely the response of the birds to a black and white flag fixed to the top of the nest-box, distress calling rate of the birds in the hand once captured and the hissing call of incubating females when approached by a predator. We found a strong association between SNP290 polymorphism and the three risk-taking behaviors, with birds with genotype CT entering faster to the nest box with the flag and displaying more distress calls and less hissing calls. CT birds could therefore be described as more proactive than CC individuals. These results also suggest that hissing behavior should be regarded as a fear-induced shy behavior, and confirm that SERT has an important function in relation to risk aversion behaviors and coping style.</p>
Figure 2 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 2. The first egg of the couple of Tyto furcata. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Data from: Extreme mitochondrial reduction in a novel group of free-living metamonads
<p>Metamonads are a diverse group of heterotrophic microbial eukaryotes adapted to living in hypoxic environments. All metamonads but one harbour metabolically altered 'mitochondrion-related organelles' (MROs) with reduced functions, however the degree of reduction varies. Here, we generate high-quality draft genomes, transcriptomes, and predicted proteomes for five recently discovered free-living metamonads. Phylogenomic analyses placed these organisms in a group we name the 'BaSk' (Barthelonids+Skoliomonads) clade, a deeply branching sister group to the Fornicata, a phylum that includes parasitic and free-living flagellates. Bioinformatic analyses of gene models shows that these organisms are predicted to have extremely reduced MRO proteomes in comparison to other free-living metamonads. Loss of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly system in some organisms in this group appears to be linked to the acquisition in their common ancestral lineage of a SUF-like minimal system Fe/S cluster pathway through lateral gene transfer. One of the isolates, <em>Skoliomonas litria</em>, appears to have lost all other known MRO pathways. No proteins were confidently assigned to the predicted MRO proteome of this organism suggesting that the organelle has been lost. The extreme mitochondrial reduction observed within this free-living anaerobic protistan clade demonstrates that mitochondrial functions may be completely lost even in free-living organisms.</p>
Fig. 3 in Skin Microbiome Of Free-Living European Pond Turtle (Emys Orbicularis (L.)) On The Northern Border Of Its Range In Silene Nature Park, Latvia
Fig. 3. Gram-positive (A) and Gram-negative bacteria (B) under the microscope. Magnification x1000.
Fig. 2 in Skin Microbiome Of Free-Living European Pond Turtle (Emys Orbicularis (L.)) On The Northern Border Of Its Range In Silene Nature Park, Latvia
Fig. 2. Sampled turtle with the biotope (Photo: M. Pupins).
Fig. 1 in Free-living freshwater nematodes in Vlasina Lake (Serbia, Pčina District, Surdulica Municipality)
Fig. 1. Vlasina Lake (Photo: Stefan Stoichev).
Figure 1 in Studies on the free-living protozoan fauna of estuaries in the coastal zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Figure 1. Map showing the localities of various estuaries studied for protozoan fauna.
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.