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Fig. 8 in Revision of the staphylinoid and ground-dwelling genus Carvalhoma Slater & Gross (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) of Australia
Fig. 8. Genitalia of C. ovatum sp. nov. A. Aedeagus, left lateral view. B. Aedeagus, ventral view. C. Genital capsule. D. Right paramere. E. Left paramere. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (the large scale bar is for A–B and D–E, the small scale bar is for C).
Data from: Agri-environmental schemes promote ground-dwelling predators in adjacent oilseed rape fields: diversity, species traits and distance-decay functions
1. Rising demands for agricultural products and high environmental costs of intensive agriculture reinforce the need for ecological replacements in agricultural management. In Europe, agri-environmental schemes (AES) are implemented to enhance species richness and provision of ecosystem services, but the effectiveness of different AES types and the spatial extent of possible beneficial effects are little understood. In this study we assessed the effects of different AES types on diversity, species traits and distance-decay functions of ground- dwelling predators in adjacent crop fields. 2. On 31 study sites with winter oilseed rape (OSR) adjacent to four types of AES differing in management intensity and habitat age we recorded ground-dwelling predators (carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles and spiders) during OSR growth from April to July. Effects of the AES on species richness, activity densities and different traits of these taxa were examined with transects of pitfall traps running along a continuous distance gradient from the AES across the habitat border into the OSR fields. 3. Ground-dwelling predator communities benefitted similarly from the different AES types. In adjacent OSR, activity densities, carabid species richness and the proportion of predatory carabid beetles declined from the field edge while mean body size increased. Adjacent AES increased the proportion of predatory species and simultaneously decreased the proportion of granivorous or frugivorous species in adjacent OSR fields. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate a beneficial effect of adjacent agri-environmental schemes (AES) on ground-dwelling predators in oilseed rape (OSR), mostly irrespective of AES type and therefore management intensity and habitat age. The short-ranged distance decay effects on natural enemies in OSR underpin that a strategic spatial placement of AES in agricultural landscapes is required to maximise biological pest control. This could help replace anthropogenic input in modern agriculture and secure adequate yields.
FIGURE 1 in A new ground-dwelling species of Cnemaspis Strauch (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of holotype of Cnemaspis kolhapurensis sp. nov. (BNHS 1855).
FIGURE 9 in Enhypnon Carter: a taxonomic revision of an endemic Australian genus of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)
FIGURE 9. Distribution map of Enhypnon latitarsis.
FIGURE 7 in Enhypnon Carter: a taxonomic revision of an endemic Australian genus of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)
FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Enhypnon species endemic to Tasmania.
FIGURE 8 in Enhypnon Carter: a taxonomic revision of an endemic Australian genus of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)
FIGURE 8. Distribution map of Enhypnon kosciuszko.
Metabarcoding reveals the impacts of exploration infrastructure on ground-dwelling arthropod communities at mine sites
<p>Sample metadata, zOTU tables and deconvoluted unique sequences to accompany the manuscript of the same name. </p>
Figure 2 in Abrupt boundaries between mountain meadows and forests separate ground-dwelling invertebrate communities: a case study from South Tyrol, Italy
Figure 2. Unconstrained Detrended Canonical Analyses (DCA) of log-transformed abundances of ground-dwelling macroinvertebrates from montane meadows and mixed forests in South Tyrol, Italy. Data for the highest available taxonomic resolution was used (i.e. Araneae and Formicidae at species level, all other on family level, where possible). Each data point represents a pitfall trap along a linear transect starting from extensively managed hay meadows ('MM' and 'M', squares) across an abrupt ecotone ('E', diamonds) towards mixed forest stands ('F' and 'FF', circles). The size of the data points represents the number of taxa from min. 15 to max. 41.
Figure 1 in Abrupt boundaries between mountain meadows and forests separate ground-dwelling invertebrate communities: a case study from South Tyrol, Italy
Figure 1. Overview map of the study area of Barbian/Barbiano, South Tyrol (Italy), showing the three extensively managed meadows and the linear transects towards the forests. (A) Overview of the three meadows that are embedded in montane mixed forests. (B) Detailed view of a site showing the sampling design ('MM' – meadow, 'E' – ecotone, 'FF' – forest). (C) Photo of the plot EH3 (Photo credit: Michael Steinwandter). (D) Position of the study site of Barbian/Barbiano within the European Alps (red border). Aerial photographs by Google Earth.
Figure 5 in Diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods on overburden dumps after coal mining
Figure 5. Ordination of the ground-dwelling of arthropods in the overburden dumps and control area in the plane of two discriminant axes.
Figure 9 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 9 - A–C GPS stations on Ngeruktabel Island, Palau, demarcating the trail to the German lighthouse, along which the type series of Sphendone insolita was collected.
Figure 6 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 6 - Schematic summary of penial anatomy of partulid genera, from Kondo (1955) and Schileyko (1999): A Eua B Samoana C Sphendone D Palaopartula E Partula. AC = apical chamber; EP = epiphallus; F = flagellum, PP = penial pilasters; PR = penial retractor muscle; and VD = vas deferens.
Figure 10 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 10 - Photos of forested habitat at the type locality of Sphendone insolita on eastern Ngeruktabel Island. A Aerial view of the area, looking toward the southwest, showing the German lighthouse at the highest point B–D Forested trail along which the type series of Sphendone insolita was collected.
Figure 3 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 3 - Sphendone insolita sp. n.: A–C Shell, holotype, UF 425857 D Genitalia, paratype, UF 248690 E Penial sculpture, paratype, UF 248690 F Jaw, paratype, UF 248690 G–I Radula, holotype UF 425857. AC = apical chamber; AG = albumen gland; BC = bursa copulatrix; HD = hermaphroditic duct; OV = free oviduct; PE = penis; PG = prostate gland; PP = penial pilasters; PR = penial retractor muscle; and VD = vas deferens. Scale bar: 5 mm (A–C, D); 2 mm (E); 1 mm (F); 100 µm (G–I).
Figure 2 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 2 - Pallial organs of Sphendone insolita sp. n., paratype, UF 248690. MC = mantle collar; NE = nephridium; PC = pericardium; PV = pulmonary vein; and RP = renal pore. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 8 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 8 - An unrooted network of partial COI sequences (540 bp for Sphendone, 655 bp for the other species) of Partulidae constructed using MrBayes as implemented in Geneious version 6.1.7. Node labels are posterior probabilities. The scale bar is equal to 2% sequence divergence.
Figure 1 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 1 - Shell measurements: A Whorl count B Shell width, shell height, aperture width, aperture height.
Figure 5 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 5 - Apical sculpture of partulid genera: A Sphendone insolita sp. n., holotype, UF 425857 B Palaopartula calypso, ANSP 191976 C Palaopartula leucothoe, ANSP 294471 D Palaopartula thetis, FK 2840 E Eua zebrina (Gould, 1847), UF 158688 F Samoana strigata (Reeve, 1850), UF 192725 G Partula gibba Ferussac, 1821, UF 195878 H Partula varia Broderip, 1832, UF 158682. Scale bar: 5 mm except 2.5 mm for Palaopartula species.
Figure 4 from: Slapcinsky J, Kraus F (2016) Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species. ZooKeys 614: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807
Figure 4 - Shells of Palaopartula: A Palaopartula calypso, ANSP 191976 B Palaopartula leucothoe, ANSP 294471 C Palaopartula thetis, FK 2840. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Data from: A ground-nesting Galliform’s response to thermal heterogeneity: Implications for ground-dwelling birds
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