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Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Pore Scale PDFs of Solute Concentrations to Study Incomplete Mixing in Porous Media
<p>C at M.I for Pe100 (sample): Sample (vector) of pore scale concentrations at Pe100 and five different times.</p> <p>C Chunk for All Pe (sample): Sample (3D block) of pore scale concentrations at the mixing interface for six Peclet number cases ( 10, 32, 100, 316, 1000, 3160) and at 11 different time steps extracted from the full size column. This is extracted using the semi-analytical appraoch to eliminate boundary effect.</p> <p>meanvelocities: Matlab Data of the pore scale longitudinally averaged velocity.</p> <p>MLE: Result of maximum likelihood estimation analysis for 18 different distribution functions (Excel file)</p> <p>SemiAnalytical: Matlab code for the implementation of the semi-analytical apporach.</p> <p>gamma_incomplete: Incomplete Gamma function required for the SemiAnalytical code.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.capensisPallas,1766—SouthAfrica,includingLesothoandSwaziland. P.c.bamendaeBrauer,1913—CameroonandCentralAfricanRepublic. P.c.capillosaBrauer,1917—SEthiopia. P.c.erlanger:Neumann,1901—SSomalia. P.c.habessinicaHemprich&Ehrenberg,1832—Egypt,NSudan,Israel,SaudiArabia,andYemen. P.c.jacksoniThomas,1900—EKenya. P.c.jayakariThomas,1892—Oman. P.c.johnston:Thomas,1894—SWTanzania,Malawi,Mozambique,andZimbabwe. P.c.kerstingiMatschie,1899—TogoandBenin. P.c.mackinder:Thomas,1900—WKenya. P.c.matschietNeumann,1900—DRCongoandTanzania. P.c.pallidaThomas,1891—NSomalia. P.c.ruficepsHemprich&Ehrenberg,1832—NandWAfrica. P.c.scioanaGiglioli,1888—NEthiopia. P.c.sharicaThomas&Wroughton,1907—Chad. P.c.syriacaSchreber,1784—Syria,Lebanon,Jordan,andIsrael. P. c. welwitschii Gray, 1868 — SW Angola and Namibia. The distribution information for this species is still incomplete; the Rock Hyrax is also present in Eritrea, Niger, Nigeria, C & S Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia and E Botswana, but the subspecific identity of these populations still requires confirmation. in Procaviidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.capensisPallas,1766—SouthAfrica,includingLesothoandSwaziland. P.c.bamendaeBrauer,1913—CameroonandCentralAfricanRepublic. P.c.capillosaBrauer,1917—SEthiopia. P.c.erlanger:Neumann,1901—SSomalia. P.c.habessinicaHemprich&Ehrenberg,1832—Egypt,NSudan,Israel,SaudiArabia,andYemen. P.c.jacksoniThomas,1900—EKenya. P.c.jayakariThomas,1892—Oman. P.c.johnston:Thomas,1894—SWTanzania,Malawi,Mozambique,andZimbabwe. P.c.kerstingiMatschie,1899—TogoandBenin. P.c.mackinder:Thomas,1900—WKenya. P.c.matschietNeumann,1900—DRCongoandTanzania. P.c.pallidaThomas,1891—NSomalia. P.c.ruficepsHemprich&Ehrenberg,1832—NandWAfrica. P.c.scioanaGiglioli,1888—NEthiopia. P.c.sharicaThomas&Wroughton,1907—Chad. P.c.syriacaSchreber,1784—Syria,Lebanon,Jordan,andIsrael. P. c. welwitschii Gray, 1868 — SW Angola and Namibia. The distribution information for this species is still incomplete; the Rock Hyrax is also present in Eritrea, Niger, Nigeria, C & S Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia and E Botswana, but the subspecific identity of these populations still requires confirmation.
Missing data in sea turtle population monitoring: a Bayesian statistical framework accounting for incomplete sampling
<p>Monitoring how populations respond to sustained conservation measures is essential to detect changes in their population status and determine the effectiveness of any interventions. In the case of sea turtles, their populations are difficult to assess because of their complicated life histories. Ground-derived clutch counts are most often used as an index of population size for sea turtles; however, data are often incomplete with varying sampling intensity within and among sites and seasons. To address these issues, we: (1) develop a Bayesian statistical modelling framework that can be used to account for sampling uncertainties in a robust probabilistic manner within a given site and season; and (2) apply this to a previously unpublished long-term sea turtle dataset (n = 17 years) collated for the Republic of the Congo, which hosts two sympatrically nesting species of sea turtle (leatherback turtle [<em>Dermochelys coriacea</em>] and olive ridley turtle [<em>Lepidochelys olivacea</em>]). The results of this analysis suggest that leatherback turtle nesting levels dropped initially and then settled into quasi-cyclical levels of interannual variability, with an average of 573 (mean, 95% prediction interval: 554–626) clutches laid annually between 2012 and 2017. In contrast, nesting abundance for olive ridley turtles has increased more recently, with an average of 1,087 (mean, 95% prediction interval: 1,057–1,153) clutches laid annually between 2012 and 2017. These findings highlight the regional and global importance of this rookery with the Republic of the Congo, hosting the second largest documented populations of olive ridley and the third largest for leatherback turtles in Central Africa; and the fourth largest non-arribada olive ridley rookery globally. Furthermore, whilst the results show that Congo's single marine and coastal national park provides protection for over half of sea turtle clutches laid in the country, there is scope for further protection along the coast. Although large parts of the African coastline remain to be adequately monitored, the modelling approach used here will be invaluable to inform future status assessments for sea turtles given that most datasets are temporally and spatially fragmented. </p>
Distribution. NW Madagascar; the range is still incompletely known, but it is believed to be restricted to the Ankarafantsika region; the type specimen was collected adjacent to Lac Ravelobe in Ankarafantsika National Park, and the species is also known to occur in the Mariarano Classified Forest, just N of Mahajanga. in Cheirogaleidae
Distribution. NW Madagascar; the range is still incompletely known, but it is believed to be restricted to the Ankarafantsika region; the type specimen was collected adjacent to Lac Ravelobe in Ankarafantsika National Park, and the species is also known to occur in the Mariarano Classified Forest, just N of Mahajanga.
The Giant in Kannenfeldpark, Basel (incomplete)
Test scan with iPhone 12 Pro, using Sitescape app. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation enhances motor score and gait recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury. A double-blind randomized controlled trial
<p><strong><span>Background: </span></strong><span>Although transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has been suggested as a safe and feasible intervention for gait rehabilitation, no studies have determined its effectiveness compared to sham stimulation.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Objective: </span></strong><span>To determine the effectiveness of tSCS combined with robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) on lower limb muscle strength and walking function in incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) participants.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was designed. Twenty-seven subacute iSCI participants were randomly allocated to tSCS or sham-tSCS group. The intervention consisted of 20 sessions of standard Lokomat walking training enhanced with tSCS. Primary outcomes were the lower extremity motor score (LEMS) and dynamometry. Secondary outcomes included the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the 6-Minute Walk test (6MWT), the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III) and the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI-II). Assessments were performed before and after the intervention and at 1-month follow-up.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results: </span></strong><span>Although no significant differences between groups were detected after the intervention, the tSCS group showed greater effects than the sham-tSCS group for LEMS (3.4 points; p=0.033), 10MWT (37.5s; p=0.030), TUG (47.7s; p=0.009), and WISCI-II (3.4 points; p=0.023) at the 1-month follow-up. Furthermore, the percentage of subjects who were able to walk at the follow-up was greater in the tSCS group (85.7%) compared to the sham group (43.1%; p=0.029).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions:</span></strong><span> The combination of standard RAGT with tSCS for 20 sessions was effective for LEMS and gait recovery in subacute iSCI participants after one month of follow-up.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Key words: </span></strong><span>Spinal cord injury; Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation; Lokomat; Robotic-assisted gait training; Motor function; </span><span>Gait rehabilitation.</span></p>
Data from: Incomplete control and concessions explain mating skew in male chimpanzees
Sexual selection theory predicts that because male reproductive success in mammals is limited by access to females, males will attempt to defend access to mates and exclude rivals from mating. In mammals, dominance rank is correlated with male reproductive success; however, the highest-ranking (alpha) male rarely monopolizes reproduction completely. To explain why, incomplete control models propose that alpha males simply cannot control other males' access to mates. If true, then dominance rank should be a key factor influencing subordinate (non-alpha) male mating success. Alternatively, the concession model states that alpha males can prevent other males from gaining access to mates but posits that they concede matings to subordinates in exchange for social favours. This predicts that a male's grooming interactions with the alpha should mediate his access to females. We test these predictions using 36 years of data, encompassing the tenures of eight alpha male chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Incomplete control models were most strongly supported. At a given copulation event, the probability that the alpha was the male that mated was negatively associated with the number of males and sexually receptive females in the party. Additionally, as the number of males increased, high dominance rank was associated with an increased likelihood that a particular non-alpha male mated. The concession model, however, was also supported. The amount of time a male spent grooming with the alpha was positively associated with his likelihood of mating when the alpha was present in the party. As grooming is a major affiliative component of male social relationships, our results suggest that social bonds with dominant individuals are leveraged for mating access, particularly in species in which males form coalitions.
Data from: Rapid divergence of mussel populations despite incomplete barriers to dispersal
Striking genetic structure among marine populations at small spatial scales is becoming evident with extensive molecular studies. Such observations suggest isolation at small scales may play an important role in forming patterns of genetic diversity within species. Isolation-by-distance, isolation-by-environment, and historical priority effects are umbrella terms for a suite of processes that underlie genetic structure, but their relative importance at different spatial and temporal scales remains elusive. Here, we use marine lakes in Indonesia to assess genetic structure and test relative roles of the processes in shaping genetic differentiation in populations of a bivalve mussel (Brachidontes sp.). Marine lakes are landlocked water bodies of similar age (6,000 – 10,000 years), but with heterogeneous environments and varying degrees of connection to the sea. Using a population genomic approach (double-digest Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing), we show strong genetic structuring across populations (range FST: 0.07 – 0.24), and find limited gene flow through admixture plots. At large spatial scales (>1400km), a clear isolation-by-distance pattern was detected. At smaller spatial scales (<200km), this pattern is maintained, but accompanied by an association of genetic divergence with degree of connection. No signatures of isolation-by-environment were found. We hypothesize that (incomplete) dispersal barriers can cause initial isolation, allowing priority effects to give the numerical advantage necessary to initiate strong genetic structure. Priority effects may be strengthened by local adaptation, which our data potentially corroborates by showing a high correlation between mussel genotypes and temperature. Our study indicates an often-neglected role of evolution-mediated priority effects in shaping divergence.
Data from: Incomplete convergence of gliding-mammal skeletons
<p>Ecology and biomechanics play central roles in the generation of phenotypic diversity. When unrelated taxa invade a similar ecological niche, biomechanical demands can drive convergent morphological transformations. Thus, identifying and examining convergence helps to elucidate the key catalysts of phenotypic change. Gliding mammals are often presented as a classic case of convergent evolution because they independently evolved in numerous clades, each possessing patagia ('wing' membranes) that generate lift during gliding. We use phylogenetic comparative methods to test whether the skeletal morphologies of the six clades of extant gliding mammals demonstrate convergence. Our results indicate that glider skeletons are convergent, with glider groups consistently evolving proportionally longer, more gracile limbs than arborealists, likely to increase patagial surface area. Nonetheless, we interpret gliders to represent incomplete convergence because (i) evolutionary model-fitting analyses do not indicate strong selective pressures for glider trait optima, (ii) the three marsupial glider groups diverge rather than converge, and (iii) the gliding groups remain separated in morphospace (rather than converging on a single morphotype), which is reflected by an unexpectedly high level of morphological disparity. That glider skeletons are morphologically diverse is further demonstrated by fossil gliders from the Mesozoic Era, which possess unique skeletal characteristics that are absent in extant gliders. Glider morphologies may be strongly influenced by factors such as body size and attachment location of patagia on the forelimb, which can vary among clades. <span>Thus, convergence in gliders appears to be driven by a simple lengthening of the limbs, whereas additional skeletal traits reflect nuances of the gliding apparatus that are distinct among different evolutionary lineages.</span> Our unexpected results add to growing evidence that incomplete convergence is prevalent in vertebrate clades, even among classic cases of convergence, and they highlight the importance of examining form-function relationships in light of phylogeny, biomechanics, and the fossil record.</p>
Figure 2 in Biogeography, land snails and incomplete data sets: the case of three island groups in the Aegean Sea
Figure 2. Map of the island group of Astypalaia, with islands and sites studied. 13: Diapori island.
Figure 4 in Biogeography, land snails and incomplete data sets: the case of three island groups in the Aegean Sea
Figure 4. UPGMA tree based on the similarity matrix obtained by applying Jaccard's index to the binary data matrix.
Figure 3. Holotype incomplete right dentary with p4, partial m1 in Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the Pliocene stem meline badger Ferinestrix (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
Figure 3. Holotype incomplete right dentary with p4, partial m1 (lacking the lingual part of its trigonid), and m2 of Ferinestrix vorax, UMMP 53343. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, medial view. Photographs of a cast coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 4. Referred incomplete mandible with right i1–i3, partial c1 in Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the Pliocene stem meline badger Ferinestrix (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
Figure 4. Referred incomplete mandible with right i1–i3, partial c1, and p2–m2 and left c1 and p2–m1 of Ferinestrix rapax sp. nov., GIN-BF 987/411-1 + 411-2 + 411-3, coated with ammonium chloride. A, dorsal view; B, right half in lateral view; C, right half in medial view. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Seeing through the hedge: Phylogenomics of Thuja (Cupressaceae) reveals prominent incomplete lineage sorting and ancient introgression for Tertiary relict flora
<p>The eastern Asia (EA) – eastern North America (ENA) disjunction is a typical and well known biogeographic. Although its origin has been the topic of many studies, some new insights will arise when more complex evolutionary histories are revealed using phylogenomic methods. Here, we used targeted exon capture and sequenced >1,000 single copy nuclear, plus 73 chloroplast genes, to resolve interspecific relationships and the biogeographic history of an intercontinental disjunct genus <i>Thuja</i>. Two separate clades were detected: the "EA clade" comprised two species (<a name="_Hlk63130225"><i>T. standishii</i></a><i> </i>and <a name="_Hlk63130201"><i>T. sutchuenensis</i></a>) from EA, and the "disjunct clade" comprising <i>T. koraiensis</i>, <i>T. occidentalis</i>, and <i>T. plicata</i>, with the first two comprising an EA–ENA disjunct pattern and <i>T. plicata</i> in western North America. The disjunct clade experienced a rapid radiation in the Mid–Miocene, and furthermore multispecies coalescent analysis revealed that ancient lineages of <i>Thuja</i> had large population sizes. These two factors might have contributed to the significant levels of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) we detected within <i>Thuja</i>, and especially the disjunct clade. Because of this, EA–ENA disjunct pattern of <i>T. koraiensis</i> and <i>T. occidentalis</i> is exhibited by only 13.98% of genes examined. In addition, we found that ~20% of the <i>T. sutchuenensis </i>nuclear genome is derived from an as–yet–unrecognized ancestral lineage<i> </i>of <i>Thuja</i>, which might explain the close resemblance of cone morphology between <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> and the Paleocene fossil species <i>T. ehrenswaerdii</i>. Overall, our study demonstrates that single genes may produce incomplete or inaccurate phylogenies for disjunct taxa, and that more accurate results will come from using genomic data, revealing a more complex evolutionary history. This will steadily improve our understanding of their origin and evolution.</p>
[IO Islamic 212] Incomplete Story
<ul> <li><strong>Story.</strong></li> <li><strong>This manuscript is now IO Islamic 826 in the India Office collections.</strong></li> <li><strong>[metadata:</strong> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hermann_Eth%C3%A9"><strong>Hermann Ethé</strong></a><strong><em>, </em></strong><a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1323681"><strong><em>Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office,</em></strong> </a><a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1323681"><strong>2 vols. (Oxford: India Office, 1903): volume 1,</strong></a> <strong>number 212 here with notations and hyperlinks].</strong></li> </ul> <p>826</p> <p>An incomplete story, from A.H. 1118 (A.D. 1706), related by Amân-allâh, the grandson of Shaikh Sa’d-allâh Munshî, and beginning: خواهى كه بيابد سخنت آب قبول – آغاز كن از حمد حق و نعت رسول – زان پس برسان تحفۀ صلوات و سلام الخ.</p> <p>No. 212, ff. 84<sup>b</sup>-86<sup>b</sup>, ll. 18-19; Shikasta; size, 9<sup>1/2</sup> in. by 6 in.</p> <p> </p>
Replication data for: Sensitivity of bipartite network analyses to incomplete sampling and taxonomic uncertainty
<p>Simulated host-parasite communities in Llopis‐Belenguer, C., J. A. Balbuena, I. Blasco‐Costa, A. Karvonen, V. Sarabeev, and J. Jokela. 2022. Sensitivity of bipartite network analyses to incomplete sampling and taxonomic uncertainty. Ecology</p> <ul> <li>Full communities</li> </ul> <p>01_full_communities.RDS</p> <ul> <li>Resampled communities affected by host sampling completeness. From 90% to 10% of host sampling completeness every 10% steps</li> </ul> <p>02_resampled_sampling_completeness_90.RDS, </p> <p>03_resampled_sampling_completeness_80.RDS, </p> <p>04_resampled_sampling_completeness_70.RDS, </p> <p>05_resampled_sampling_completeness_60.RDS, </p> <p>06_resampled_sampling_completeness_50.RDS, </p> <p>07_resampled_sampling_completeness_40.RDS, </p> <p>08_resampled_sampling_completeness_30.RDS, </p> <p>09_resampled_sampling_completeness_20.RDS, </p> <p>10_resampled_sampling_completeness_10.RDS</p> <ul> <li>Resampled communities affected by parasite taxonomic resolution at all levels of host sampling completeness. From 90% to 10% of parasite taxonomic resolution and from 100% to 10% of host sampling completeness every 10% steps</li> </ul> <p>11_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_90_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>12_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_80_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>13_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_70_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>14_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_60_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>15_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_50_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>16_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_40_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>17_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_30_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>18_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_20_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS, </p> <p>19_resampled_taxonomic_resolution_10_sampling_completeness_100-10.RDS</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 1. MrBayes phylogram inferred from incomplete internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence data. Choiromyces meandriformis and C in A new species of Tuber (Tuberaceae, Pezizales) from Inner Mongolia, China
FIGURE 1. MrBayes phylogram inferred from incomplete internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence data. Choiromyces meandriformis and C. alveolatus were used to root the tree. The same outcome was shown via Maximum Likelihood. On each branch, Bayesian posterior probability values (PP> 0.75) and maximum likelihood bootstrap values (MLbs> 75%) are displayed. The new species sequences are denoted by an asterisk (*). Different colours are used to represent the six primary Tuber phylogroups. Our findings establish T. mongolicum sp. nov. based on phylogenetic studies as well as morphological observations.
Aquatic Specific Physiotherapy on Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03962218. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Safety Evaluation of Intramuscular Injections of PLX-R18 in Subjects With Incomplete Hematopoietic Recovery Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03002519. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Comparing Re-TACE Versus SABR for Post-prior-TACE Incompletely Regressed HCC: a Randomized Controlled Trial (TASABR)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02921139. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.