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7,742 results for “individuals”
First-in-human study of epidural spinal cord stimulation in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy
<p>Data from the paper: First-in-human study of epidural spinal cord stimulation in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy, Nature Medicine 2024</p>
Eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) reintroduced to Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve: DArT SNPs + individual information
<p>Incorporating genetic data into conservation programmes improves management outcomes, but the impact of different sample-grouping methods on genetic diversity analyses is poorly understood. To this end, the multi-source reintroduction of the eastern bettong (<em>Bettongia gaimardi</em>) was used as a long-term case study to investigate how sampling regimes may affect common genetic metrics, and hence management decisions. The dataset comprised 5307 SNPs sequenced across 263 individuals. Samples included 45 founders from five genetically distinct Tasmanian source regions, and 218 of their descendants captured during annual monitoring at Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary (MFWS; 121 samples across eight generations), and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve (TNR; 97 samples across nine generations). The most management-informative sampling regime was found to be generational cohorts, providing detailed long-term trends in genetic diversity. When these generation-specific trends were not investigated, recent changes in population genetics were masked, and it became apparent that management recommendations would be less appropriate. The results also illuminated the importance of considering establishment and persistence as separate phases of a multi-source reintroduction. The establishment phase (useful for informing early adaptive management) should consist of no less than two generations, and continue until admixture is achieved (admixture defined here as >80% of individuals possessing >60% of source genotypes, with no one source composing >70% of >20% individuals' genotype) is achieved. This ensures that the persistence phase analyses of population trends remain minimally biased. Based on this case study, we recommend that emphasis be given to the value of generationally specific analyses, and that conservation programmes collect DNA samples throughout the establishment and persistence phases, and avoid collecting genetic samples only when analysis is imminent. We also recommend that population genetic analyses for multi-source reintroductions consider whether admixture has been achieved when calculating descriptive genetic metrics. </p>
Fig. 1 in Individual Movement Of Large Carabids As A Link For Activity Density Patterns In Various Forestry Treatments
Fig. 1. Mean activity density of Carabus scheidleri (a) and C. coriaceus (b) per sampling plot in different for- estry treatments (C = control, CC = clear-cutting, P = preparation cut- ting) between 2014 and 2018. Verti- cal lines represent a 95% confidence interval and capital letters above bars indicate significant differences based on Tukey's multiple compari- sons of means
Fig. 2 in Individual Movement Of Large Carabids As A Link For Activity Density Patterns In Various Forestry Treatments
Fig. 2. Movements of Carabus scheidleri (a) within and between forestry treatments (C = control, CC = clear-cutting, P = preparation cutting) based on CMR. The number next to the arrow corresponds with the number of recorded movements. Individual trajectories of radio-tracked C. coriaceus (b) in the experimental area, black dots represent the first release point for each trajectory
Group composition of individual personalities alters social network structure in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p><span>Social network structure is a critical group character that mediates the flow of information, pathogens, and resources among individuals in a population, yet little is known about what shapes social structures. In this study, we experimentally tested whether social network structure depends on the personalities of group members. Replicate groups of forked fungus beetles (<i>Bolitotherus cornutus</i>) were engineered to include only members previously assessed as either more social or less social. We found that individuals behaved consistently across social contexts, exhibiting repeatable numbers of interactions and numbers of partners. At the group level, networks composed of more social individuals had higher interaction rates, higher tie density, higher global clustering, and shorter average shortest paths than those composed of less social individuals. We highlight group composition of personalities as a source of variance in group traits and a potential mechanism by which networks could evolve.</span></p>
Simulation outputs used in "Individual variation in dispersal, and its sources, shape the fate of pushed vs. pulled range expansions"
<p>Simulation outputs used in "Individual variation in dispersal, and its sources, shape the fate of pushed vs. pulled range expansions" (by Maxime Dahirel, Chloé Guicharnaud and Elodie Vercken)</p> <p>This is a copy for archiving purposes of the saved outputs from a NetLogo simulation model of range expansions, used in the analyses described in the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/mdahirel/pushed-pulled-2020-heritability-IBM (Zenodo archive: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830993)</p> <p>This .csv file is the final output of the "generate_simulations" code in that repo, and feeds into in the "analyse_simulations" and "supplementary" codes. It is meant to be copied in the NetLogo_output folder of the aforementioned repo after download, in case one:</p> <p>- wants to check our analysis code</p> <p>- and does not want/ have time to re-run the simulations from scratch</p> <p>For any other information, including on the contents of the csv, please see the aforementioned repository</p> <p> </p>
Terminal density reversal and the role of Ca2+ in red blood cells clearance of healthy individuals
<p>Density reversal of senescent red blood cells (RBCs) has been known for more than ten years, yet the identity of the candidate protein(s) is still elusive. While performing Percoll density gradient separation of RBCs from healthy individuals and their subsequent characterization, we identified a fraction of cells in the low-density fraction (~0.025% compared to total RBCs population) which shows reversal in their densities along with the characteristics of cellular senescence such as loss of membrane Band 3 protein and the phosphatidylserine exposure to the outer membrane leaflet. Our subsequent analysis showed that these cells are overloaded with Ca<sup>2+</sup>. We further measured intracellular [Na<sup>+</sup>] in individual RBCs by flow cytometry utilizing the dye CoroNa Green-AM. Our findings showed that the cells with senescent characteristics lost their transmembrane Na<sup>+</sup> gradient despite maintaining the membrane integrity. Consequently, these findings lead us to designate these cells as “senescent-like” cells. Our data further demonstrated altered activities of nonselective cation channels and pumps in these cells. In addition to a facilitated Na+ extrusion by Na<sup>+</sup>, K+-ATPase, our findings indicated altered ion transport via Piezo1 in these cells. Pharmacological modulation of Piezo1 with Yoda1/GsMTx4 showed that Piezo1 and, possibly, other nonselective cation channels by promiscuously transporting Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> play an important role in producing these low density “senescent like” cells.</p>
Immuno-proteomic profiling reveals aberrant immune cell regulation in the airways of individuals with ongoing post-COVID-19 respiratory disease
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Some patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19 suffer respiratory symptoms that persist for many months. We delineated the immune-proteomic landscape in the airway and peripheral blood of healthy controls and post-COVID-19 patients 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge. Post-COVID-19 patients showed abnormal airway (but not plasma) proteomes, with elevated concentration of proteins associated with apoptosis, tissue repair and epithelial injury versus healthy individuals. Increased numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes were observed in individuals with greater airway dysfunction, while increased B cell numbers and altered monocyte subsets were associated with more widespread lung abnormalities. 1 year follow-up of some post-COVID-19 patients indicated that these abnormalities resolved over time. In summary, COVID-19 causes a prolonged change to the airway immune landscape in those with persistent lung disease, with evidence of cell death and tissue repair linked to ongoing activation of cytotoxic T cells. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Quantum stochastic resonance of individual Fe atoms. Open data sets.
<p>Data sets for publication:</p> <p><strong>Quantum Stochastic Resonance of individual Fe atoms</strong><br> Max Hänze, Gregory McMurtrie, Susanne Baumann, Luigi Malavolti, Susan N. Coppersmith, Sebastian Loth</p>
Audio recordings of COVID-19 positive individuals from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study with their fatigue status
<p>We uploaded <strong>3544 </strong>audio recordings originating from <strong>296 </strong>distinct participants with COVID-19 in the prospective <strong>Predi-COVID cohort study</strong> recruited between May 2020 and May 2021. The audios have been converted from their original format into WAV files and normalized. The audio name structure integrates the participant ID, the recording date and time of the audio recording, the type of audio (Type 1: text reading, Type2: holding the [a] vowel without breathing), the original audio format, the gender (W: women, M: Men), and the <strong>fatigue status</strong> of the participant (1: Fatigue, 0: No fatigue) as such:</p> <p>Predi-COVID_{participant ID}{recording date and time}{type of audio}{original format}{gender}{fatigue status}.wav</p>
Genome-wide mapping of individual replication fork velocities using nanopore sequencing
<p>These data are related to the <strong>"Genome-wide mapping of individual replication fork velocities using nanopore sequencing" </strong>manuscript by Theulot, Lacroix et al. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31012-0) and to the GitHub repository NanoForkSpeed (https://github.com/LacroixLaurent/NanoForkSpeed).</p> <p>BT1_run4.tar.gz contains the nanopore reads from a typical experiment as fast5 files.</p> <p>BT1_run4_mega.zip contains the result of the BrdU basecalling as described on the GitHub page in a modified bam file format as described on the GitHub page NanoForkSpeed/BrdU_Basecalling..</p> <p>BT1_run4_Megalodon_00_smdata.rds contains the result of the parsing function for the modified bam file as described on the GitHub page NanoForkSpeed/BrdU_Basecalling.</p> <p>BT1_run4_Megalodon_00_NFS_data.rds contains the result of the fork detection procedure on the BT1_run4_Megalodon_00_smdata.rds file as described on the GitHub page NanoForkSpeed/Forks_Detection.</p> <p>BT1_run4_merged_NFS_data.rds contains the result of the NFS_merge function as described on the GitHub page NanoForkSpeed/Forks_Detection.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Evaluating the foraging performance of individual honey bees in different environments with automated field RFID systems
<p>Measuring the individual foraging performances of pollinators is crucial to guide environmental policies that aim at enhancing pollinator health and pollination services. Automated systems have been developed to track the activity of individual honey bees, but their deployment is extremely challenging. This has limited the assessment of individual foraging performances in full-strength bee colonies in the field. Most studies available to date have been constrained to use downsized bee colonies located in urban and suburban areas. Environmental policy-making, on the other hand, needs a more comprehensive assessment of honey bee performances in a broader range of environments, including in remote agricultural and wild areas. Here we detail a new autonomous field method to record high quality data on the flight ontogeny and foraging performance of honey bees, using Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID). We separate bee traffic into returning and exiting tunnels to improve data quality, solving many previous limitations of RFID systems caused by traffic jams and the parasitic coupling of RFID antennae. With this method, we assembled a large RFID dataset made of control bee colonies from experiments conducted in different locations and seasons. We hope our results will be a starting point to understand how ontogenetic and environmental factors affect the individual performances of honey bees, and that our method will enable the large-scale replication of individual pollinator performance studies.</p>
Group and individual social network metrics are robust to changes in resource distribution in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p>Social interactions drive many important ecological and evolutionary processes. It is therefore essential to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that underlie social patterns. A central tenet of the field of behavioral ecology is the expectation that the distribution of resources shapes patterns of social interactions.</p> <p>We combined experimental manipulations with social network analyses to ask how patterns of resource distribution influence complex social interactions.</p> <p>We experimentally manipulated the distribution of an essential food and reproductive resource in semi-natural populations of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus). We aggregated resources into discrete clumps in half of the populations and evenly dispersed resources in the other half. We then observed social interactions between individually marked beetles. Half-way through the experiment, we reversed the resource distribution in each population, allowing us to control any demographic or behavioral differences between our experimental populations. At the end of the experiment, we compared individual and group social network characteristics between the two resource distribution treatments.</p> <p>We found a statistically significant but quantitatively small effect of resource distribution on individual social network position and detected no effect on group social network structure. Individual connectivity (individual strength) and individual cliquishness (local clustering coefficient) increased in environments with clumped resources, but this difference explained very little of the variance in individual social network position. Individual centrality (individual betweenness) and measures of overall social structure (network density, average shortest path length, and global clustering coefficient) did not differ between environments with dramatically different distributions of resources.</p> <p>Our results illustrate that the resource environment, despite being fundamental to our understanding of social systems, does not always play a central role in shaping social interactions. Instead, our results suggests that sex differences and temporally fluctuating environmental conditions may be more important in determining patterns of social interactions.</p>
Individual repeatability of avian migration phenology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>Changes in phenology and distribution are being widely reported for many migratory species in response to shifting environmental conditions. Understanding these changes and the situations in which they occur can be aided by understanding consistent individual differences in phenology and distribution and the situations in which consistency varies in strength or detectability.</p> <p>Studies tracking the same individuals over consecutive years are increasingly reporting migratory timings to be a repeatable trait, suggesting that flexible individual responses to environmental conditions may contribute little to population-level changes in phenology and distribution. However, how this varies across species and sexes, across the annual cycle and in relation to study (tracking method, study design) and/or ecosystem characteristics is not yet clear.</p> <p>Here, we take advantage of the growing number of publications in movement ecology to perform a phylogenetic multilevel meta-analysis of repeatability estimates for avian migratory timings to investigate these questions. Of 2,433 reviewed studies, 54 contained suitable information for meta-analysis, resulting in 177 effect sizes from 47 species.</p> <p>Individual repeatability of avian migratory timings averaged 0.414 (95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.5) across landbirds, waterbirds and seabirds, suggesting consistent individual differences in migratory timings is a common feature of migratory systems. Timing of departure from the non-breeding grounds was more repeatable than timings of arrival at or departure from breeding grounds, suggesting that conditions encountered on migratory journeys and outcome of breeding attempts can influence individual variation.</p> <p>Population-level shifts in phenology could arise through individual timings changing with environmental conditions and/or through shifts in the numbers of individuals with different timings. Our findings suggest that, in addition to identifying the conditions associated with individual variation in phenology, exploring the causes of between-individual variation will be key in predicting future rates and directions of changes in migratory timings. We, therefore, encourage researchers to report the within- and between- individual variance components underpinning the reported repeatability estimates to aid interpretation of migration behaviour. In addition, the lack of studies in the tropics means that levels of repeatability in less strongly seasonal environments are not yet clear.</p>
Fig. 3 in Application Of Dna Barcoding In Taxonomy And Phylogeny: An Individual Case Of Coi Partial Gene Sequencing From Seven Animal Species
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic position of Macrobiotus sp., Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree. Sequences obtained by us are written in bold.
Fig. 1 in Application Of Dna Barcoding In Taxonomy And Phylogeny: An Individual Case Of Coi Partial Gene Sequencing From Seven Animal Species
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic position of D. lindholmi and L. a. exigua, Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree. Sequences obtained by us are written in bold.
Fig. 2 in Individual Growth Rates of Nikolsky's Viper, Vipera berus nikolskii (Squamata, Viperidae)
Fig. 2. Individual growth curves of males and females of V. b. nikolskii approximated with the Von Bertalanffy growth curves. Solid lines connect observed SVL of recaptured specimens. Dashed lines represent the Von Bertalanffy growth curve. Horizontal solid line is the size of maturation. X-axis measures time in days, hibernations are indicated by numbers. The duration of active period before first hibernation was assumed to be 45 days; all consecutive active periods lasted 184 days, except for 164 days in adult males.
Fig. 1 in Individual Growth Rates of Nikolsky's Viper, Vipera berus nikolskii (Squamata, Viperidae)
Fig. 1. Relationship between growth rates (dSVL/dt) and snout-ventral length (SVL) in males and females of V. b. nikolskii. Dashed lines show 95 % confidence intervals of the expected theoretical curve.
Individual dietary specialization in a generalist bee varies across populations but has no effect on the richness of associated microbial communities
<p><span></span></p> <p>Despite the increasingly documented occurrence of individual specialization, the relationship between individual consumer interactions and diet-related microbial communities in wild populations is still unclear. Using data from nests of the bee <em>Ceratina australensis</em> from three different wild populations, we combine metabarcoding and network approaches to explore the existence of individual variation in resource use within and across populations, and whether dietary specialization affects the richness of pollen-associated microbes. We reveal the existence of marked dietary specialization. In the most specialized population, we also show that individuals' diet breadth was positively related to the richness of fungi, but not bacteria. Overall, individual specialization appeared to have a weak or negligible effect on the microbial richness of nests, suggesting that different mechanisms beyond environmental transmission may be at play regarding microbial acquisition in wild bees.</p>
Isotopic niche partitioning and individual specialization in an Arctic raptor guild
<p>Intra- and inter-specific resource partitioning within predator communities is a fundamental component of trophic ecology, and one proposed mechanism for how populations partition resources is through individual niche variation. The Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) predicts that inter-individual trait variation leads to functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, resulting in populations composed of individual dietary specialists. The degree to which niche specialization persists within a population is plastic and responsive to fluctuating resource availability. We quantified niche overlap and tested the NVH within an Arctic raptor guild, focusing on three species that employ different foraging strategies: golden eagles (generalists); gyrfalcons (facultative specialists); and rough-legged hawks (specialists). Tundra ecosystems exhibit cyclic populations of arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles), providing a unique system in which to examine predator diet in response to interannual fluctuations in resource availability. Using blood δ13C and δ15N values from 189 raptor nestlings on Alaska's Seward Peninsula (2014–2019), we calculated isotopic niche width and used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) to characterize individual specialization and test the NVH. Nest-level specialization estimated from stable isotopes was strongly correlated with indices of specialization based on camera trap data. We observed a high degree of isotopic niche overlap between the three species and gyrfalcons displayed a positive relationship between individual specialization and population niche width on an interannual basis consistent with the NVH. Our findings suggest plasticity in niche specialization may reduce intra- and inter-specific resource competition under dynamic ecological conditions.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.