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1,351 results for “intermediate”
Size and composition of all live and dead trees and large shrubs across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes snag biomass data for intermediate-aged (20-59 yr old) and mature (60+ yr old) boreal forest stands across interior Alaska. Data from intermediate-aged stands was published in Alexander et al. 2012.
Twig chemistry across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes twig %C and %N data for intermediate-aged (20-59 yr old) and mature (60+ yr old) boreal forest stands across interior Alaska. Data have not been published.
Sap Flux and Microclimate Data for Co-Occurring White Spruce and Paper Birch at an Intermediate Aged Stand in the Bonanza Creek LTER Regional Site Network 2013-2018
This dataset contains hourly mean sap flux density and microclimate data for co-occurring white spruce and Alaska paper birch from early June of 2013 to mid-September of 2018. The data were published as part of a 2021 article in Journal of Ecology.
Black Sea cold intermediate layer cold content from in-situ and modelling sources (1955-2019)
<p>Data files provided in support of 'Warmer winters triggered a reduced and intermittent ventilation regime in the Black Sea', by Capet et al, 2020.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/c55a11f7-b395-4002-b76e-1358792e5ec7/Black_Sea_CIL_Cold_Content_Annual.nc">Black_Sea_CIL_Cold_Content_Annual.nc </a> contains the spatial and annual averages of the Black Sea cold intermediate layer cold content, as defined in the above reference, and derived from multiple in-situ and modelling sources, for the period (1955-2017).</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/c55a11f7-b395-4002-b76e-1358792e5ec7/Black_Sea_CIL_Cold_Content_Weekly.nc">Black_Sea_CIL_Cold_Content_Weekly.nc </a> contains the spatial and weekly averages of the Black Sea cold intermediate layer cold content, as defined in the above reference, and derived from the GHER3D model, for the period (1981-2017).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
MESA files for paper "Discovery of an Exceptionally Strong β-Decay Transition of 20F and Implications for the Fate of Intermediate-Mass Stars"
<p>Files required to reproduce MESA results in the paper "Discovery of an Exceptionally Strong β-Decay Transition of 20F and Implications for the Fate of Intermediate-Mass Stars" (https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.262701).</p>
Resource fluctuations inhibit the reproduction and virulence of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in its snail intermediate host
Resource availability can powerfully influence host-parasite interactions. However, we currently lack a mechanistic framework to predict how resource fluctuations alter individual infection dynamics. We address this gap with experiments manipulating resource supply and starvation for a human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host to test a hypothesis derived from mechanistic energy budget theory: resource fluctuations should reduce schistosome reproduction and virulence by inhibiting parasite ingestion of host biomass. Low resource supply caused hosts to remain small, reproduce less, and produce fewer human-infectious cercariae. Periodic starvation also inhibited cercarial production and prevented infection-induced castration. The periodic starvation experiment also revealed substantial differences in fit between two bioenergetic model variants, which differ in their representation of host starvation. Simulations using the best fit parameters of the winning model suggest that schistosome performance substantially declines with resource fluctuations with periods >7 days. These experiments strengthen mechanistic theory that can be readily scaled up to the population level to understand key feedbacks between resources, host population dynamics, parasitism, and control interventions. Integrating resources with other environmental drivers of disease in an explicit bioenergetic framework could ultimately yield mechanistic predictions for many disease systems.
Data from: An intermediate type of medusa from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China
The tetraradial or pentaradial fossil embryos and related hatched individuals from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation are of great interest for understanding the early evolution of medusozoans. The phylogenetic and evolutionary significance of their external and internal characters (e.g. manubrium, tentacles, septa and claustra) is still controversial. Here we describe a new pentamerous medusozoan, <i>Hanagyroia orientalis</i> gen. et sp. nov., characterized by five well-developed perradial oral lips around a remarkably large manubrium, a conspicuous equatorial groove, and five short interradial pairs of extensile tentacles at the bell margin. Internally, five broad and stout interradial septa join horizontally to form the claustra. <i>Hanagyroia orientalis</i> lacks the frenula, apertural lappet and velarium seen in coeval microfossils and extant cubozoans. Although <i>H. orientalis</i> resembles extant coronate scyphozoans in its round medusa-like bell margin and equatorial groove, cladistic analysis suggests close affinity with cubozoans. <i>Hanagyroia</i> may represent an intermediate morphological type between scyphozoans and cubozoans. The well-developed oral lips and paired short strong tentacles of <i>Hanagyroia</i> suggest direct development.
Evolution of putative barrier loci at an intermediate stage of speciation with gene flow in campions (Silene)
Understanding the origin of new species is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Diverging lineages often evolve highly heterogeneous patterns of genetic differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated evolutionary processes governing genetic differentiation between the hybridizing campions <i>Silene dioica</i> (L.) Clairv. and <i>S. latifolia</i> Poiret. Demographic modeling indicated that the two species diverged with gene flow. The best-supported scenario with heterogeneity in both migration rate and effective population size suggested that a small proportion of the loci evolved without gene flow. Differentiation (F<sub>ST</sub>) and sequence divergence (d<sub>XY</sub>) were correlated and both tended to peak in the middle of most linkage groups, consistent with reduced gene flow at highly differentiated loci. Highly differentiated loci further exhibited signatures of selection. In between-species population pairs, isolation by distance was stronger for genomic regions with low between-species differentiation than for highly differentiated regions that may contain barrier loci. Moreover, differentiation landscapes within and between species were only weakly correlated suggesting that linked selection due to shared recombination and gene density landscapes is not the dominant determinant of genetic differentiation in these lineages. Instead, our results suggest that divergent selection shaped the genomic landscape of differentiation between the two <i>Silene </i>species, consistent with predictions for speciation in the face of gene flow.
Data from: Cascading effects of a top predator on intraspecific competition at intermediate and basal trophic levels
1. Predators can impact competition among prey by altering prey density via consumption or by causing prey to modify their traits or foraging behavior. Yet, differences between these two mechanisms may lead to different cascading impacts on lower trophic levels. 2. Using a crab-snail-barnacle rocky intertidal food chain, we tested the effects of predation risk from crabs (top predators) on intraspecific competition among snails (intermediate consumers) and emergent indirect effects on the density of and competition between barnacles (basal resources). 3. The per capita foraging and growth rates of snails declined with high conspecific density. Predation risk from crabs, which caused even larger reductions in snail foraging and growth, weakened competition among snails, whereas a 45% increase in barnacle density had no detectable effect on snail competition. 4. Intraspecific competition between barnacles, however, depended on the interactive effects of barnacle density, snail density, and crab predation risk. Barnacles developed hummocking morphologies as they grew and competed for space. Hummock formation (a proxy for competition) increased as a result of either greater initial barnacle density or reduced snail foraging pressure, but these effects depended on predation risk. 5. The effects of crab predation risk on snail foraging behavior weakened an otherwise strong relationship between barnacle density and hummock development: hummocking increased with barnacle density in the absence of crabs but remained relatively high when crabs were present. In communities with similar final barnacle densities, hummocking was more common in those with crabs than those without crabs. 6. The extent to which predators can drive trophic cascades by suppressing the foraging rates of their prey is highly context-dependent: the positive trait-mediated indirect effect of predators on basal resource abundance is stronger when many prey respond simultaneously to the threat of predation. However, our results demonstrate that top predators can also enhance competition among basal resources even when their indirect effect on resource abundance is relatively weak. Hence, the cascading effects of predators on competition within lower trophic levels may play an important but underappreciated role in the dynamics of basal resource populations and the communities they support.
Data from: Parasites favor intermediate nestling masses and brood sizes in cliff swallows
A challenge of life-history theory is to explain why animal body size does not continue to increase, given various advantages of larger size. In birds, body size of nestlings and the number of nestlings produced (brood size) have occasionally been shown to be constrained by higher predation on larger nestlings and those from larger broods. Parasites also are known to have strong effects on life-history traits in birds, but whether parasitism can be a driver for stabilizing selection on nestling body size or brood size is unknown. We studied patterns of first-year survival in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in western Nebraska in relation to brood size and nestling body mass in nests under natural conditions and in those in which hematophagous ectoparasites had been removed by fumigation. Birds from parasitized nests showed highest first-year survival at the most common, intermediate brood-size and nestling-mass categories, but cliff swallows from non-parasitized nests had highest survival at the heaviest nestling masses and no relationship with brood size. A survival analysis suggested stabilizing selection on brood size and nestling mass in the presence (but not in the absence) of parasites. Parasites apparently favor intermediate offspring size and number in cliff swallows and produce the observed distributions of these traits, although the mechanisms are unclear. Our results emphasize the importance of parasites in life-history evolution.
Data from: Evolutionary diversity in tropical tree communities peaks at intermediate precipitation
<p>Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a temperature gradient, but precipitation gradients may be more important within the tropics, where plant species richness is positively associated with the amount of rainfall. The impact of precipitation on the distribution of evolutionary diversity, however, is largely unexplored. Here we detail how evolutionary diversity varies along precipitation gradients by bringing together a comprehensive database on the composition of angiosperm tree communities across lowland tropical South America (2,025 inventories from wet to arid biomes), and a new, large-scale phylogenetic hypothesis for the genera that occur in these ecosystems. We find a marked reduction in the evolutionary diversity of communities at low precipitation. However, unlike species richness, evolutionary diversity does not continually increase with rainfall. Rather, our results show that the greatest evolutionary diversity is found in intermediate precipitation regimes, and that there is a decline in evolutionary diversity above 1,490 mm of mean annual rainfall. If conservation is to prioritise evolutionary diversity, areas of intermediate precipitation that are found in the South American 'arc of deforestation', but which have been neglected in the design of protected area networks in the tropics, merit increased conservation attention.</p>
miRNA counts identified by RNA seq in the caudate nucleus of patients neuropathologically diagnosed with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (non-carriers and carriers of intermediate expansions in the HTT gene) and healthy subjects.
<p>These data include the raw miRNA counts identified by RNA-seq in <em>post mortem</em> caudate nucleus samples. Samples with identifier <strong>A</strong> belong to patients with a neuropathological diagnosis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Group <strong>B</strong> samples belong to patients with the same neuropathological diagnosis, but carrying CAG expansions in the intermediate range (27-35 CAG) in the <em>HTT</em> gene. Finally, group <strong>C </strong>samples belong to healthy subjects without neuropathological diagnosis. </p> <p> </p>
Smoother: a unified and modular framework for incorporating structural dependency in spatial omics data: intermediate results
<p>This directory contains all intermediate results generated in the "Smoother: a unified and modular framework for incorporating structural dependency in spatial omics data" for reproducibility purpose. Associated scripts are available at https://github.com/JiayuSuPKU/Smoother_paper. Raw and processed data can be downloaded at https://zenodo.org/records/10223862.</p><p>Note that some intermediate results and figures in the notebooks may not be exactly the same as those in the paper due to the randomness in some analysis steps, but should be very close.</p>
Data from: Friction and instability of glaucophane gouges at blueschist temperatures support abundance of intermediate-depth earthquakes
<p>Fluid release from the hydraulically-confined dehydration of blueschist minerals may significantly elevate fluid pressures and concomitantly reduce effective stresses. This is a viable mechanism to explain brittle failure and frictional instability, and it is a possible explanation for intermediate-depth earthquakes in cold subduction zones. We examine this hypothesis for glaucophane – a key index mineral for blueschist facies – at lower confining stresses where behavior is poorly understood. We conduct laboratory shear tests on glaucophane gouge at temperatures of 100–500<em>℃</em> and effective normal stresses of 50–200 <em>MPa</em>, to explore the controls of temperature, stresses and excess pore fluid pressures on fault friction. Frictional strength of glaucophane gouge at representative temperatures and stresses is ~0.70 and insensitive to temperature with a slight increase in friction coefficient at lower effective stresses. Elevating temperature promotes a transition from velocity-strengthening to mild velocity-weakening behavior, indicating the destabilizing effect of high-temperature downdip in subduction zones. Reducing effective normal stress or concomitantly elevating pore fluid pressure, potentially sourced from dehydration reactions, further strengthens the velocity-weakening response and would be manifest as moderate-sized earthquakes. This observed instability at higher temperatures or lower stresses is indexed with and accompanied by denser distributions of strongly- to moderately-localized shears in the microstructures – congruent with the observed mechanical response. Our results support the potential for enhanced unstable sliding of glaucophane gouges at lower effective stresses and at blueschist facies temperatures - and have significant implications for understanding the abundance of intermediate-depth earthquakes apparent in cold subduction zones.</p>
Photoactivation of the Orange Carotenoid Protein Requires Two Light-Driven Reactions Mediated by a Metastable Monomeric Intermediate – Absorption Spectra and Global Analysis Results, Molecular Dynamics Simulations
<p>Time-resolved absorption and molecular dynamics trajectory datasets associated with: Rose, J. B.; Gascón, J. A.; Sutter, M.; Sheppard, D. I.; Kerfeld, C. A.; Beck, W. F. Photoactivation of the Orange Carotenoid Protein Requires Two Light-Driven Reactions Mediated by a Metastable Monomeric Intermediate. <i>Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.</i> <strong>2023</strong>, DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04484j.</p>
Quantification of phosphorylated metabolites, organic acids, and intermediates of the TCA cycle using capillary ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (capIC-MS/MS) following treatment of Escherichia coli with ciprofloxacin
<p>Capillary ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (capIC-MS/MS) was used to quantify phosphorylated metabolites, organic acids, and intermediates of the TCA cycle of Escherichia coli treated with ciprofloxacin, BTP-001 (a novel antimicrobial peptide), and a combination of the two . Metabolite extracts were analyzed with a Xevo TQ-XS triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Waters, USA).</p><p>Samples were gathered from E. coli cultures grown in batch cultivations using 1 liter bioreactors. Briefly, intracellular metabolites were extracted by cycling samples between −20 °C EtOH and N2 (<i>l</i>) in three consecutive freeze–thaw cycles, with vortexing every 10 min during the thawing phase. Filters were removed and the cell debris was pelleted (4500 rcf, 10 min, -9 °C). The supernatants were transferred to a new tube, snap frozen in N2 (<i>l</i>), and lyophilized. Lyophilized extracts were reconstituted in 500 µL cold Milli-Q H2O and cleared by spin-filtration with a 10 kDa molecular cutoff (20817 rcf, 10 min, 0 °C). A mix of 80 µL centrifuged sample and 20 µL 13C-labeled ISTD extract from yeast was sent to analysis. </p><p>Data processing and absolute quantification was performed as earlier described using the TargetLynx application manager of MassLynx v 4.1 (Waters) to interpolate calibration curves made with appropriate dilutions of analytical grade standards (Sigma-Aldrich). The response factor of the corresponding U13C-isotopologues were used to correct the standard and sample extract response factors. Extract concentrations were normalized to the CDW, which was calculated from interpolation of the OD600 vs. CDW (g/L) curve. </p><p>Further statistical analysis in MetaboAnalyst v 5.0 replaced missing values with 1/5 of the minimum value of the respective metabolite. An unpaired T-test with unequal variance determined differential enriched metabolites with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 which are presented as log2 fold-change compared to control. </p>
The Sediment Thickness Model for Andalusia (STMA) data, intermediate data and scripts
<p>This dataset contains the Sediment Thickness Model for Andalusia (South of Spain), the GroundHog files and the consulting scripts linked to the paper "Thickness model of Andalusian's nearshore and coastal inland topography " under review in <i>Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</i>.</p><p>The following ZIP files can be found here:</p><p>===============<br><strong>STMA.zip</strong></p><p>A dataset of 108 ESRI ASCII grid files group by province (Almeria, Cadiz, Granada, Huelva and Malaga) and by physiographic zone (18). Each zone has six different files named as:</p><p>PZZ_V_T_S.asc</p><p>where,</p><p>P: It is the first letter of the province (e.g. A for Almeria, C for Cadiz…)</p><p>ZZ: number of physiographic zone from a minimum number of 2 to 6 in each province. Each province was divided by different overlapping rectangles following on the orientation of the coastline, the shape of the continental shelf, river intersections, capes, the main sediment type, and the level of influence from atmospheric and maritime weathering agents, primarily.</p><p>V: the model version</p><p>T: Type of sediment, Consolidated (C) and Unconsolidated (U)</p><p>S: Grain size, Fine (F), Sand (S) and Gravel (G)</p><p>e.g. the file A01_1_C_F.asc is the province of Almeria, zone 01, version 1, Consolidated sediment and Fine fraction.</p><p>All files have a projection file (EPSG 25830) with the same name but a *.prj extension and a auxiliary file (*.asc.aux.xml) with additional information about the projection used. </p><p>===============<br><strong>Script.zip</strong></p><p>Specifically, three Pyqgis scripts and three Model Qgis: </p><ul><li><i>1_Add_STMA_by_province_and_zone.py</i>: to add the STMA to QGIS grouping the layers by province and zones.</li><li><i>2_Point_value_STMA.py:</i> to add the STMA value to a point sample layer.</li><li>3_Zonal_statistics_STMA.py: to calculate the zonal statistics of STMA in a polygon area.</li><li>1_Volume_STMA.model3: Calculate the volume of each material (six raster layer) in one zone.</li><li>2_Volume_STMA_Clip.model3: Calculate the volume of each material in a clip area using a polygon layer.</li><li>3_Zonal_statistics_STMA.model3: Zonal statistics of the STMA in a polygon layer. It is a model version of the last pyqgis script 3_Zonal_statistics_STMA.py.</li></ul><p>The first two models could be used in a batch processing if the user needs information of more than one zone.</p><p>===============<br><strong>GroundHog.zip</strong></p><p>Five folders, one for each province, with information to open the models in Groundhog software.</p><p> </p>
Egyptian Scarab — 2nd Intermediate Period
Egyptian 2nd Intermediate Period Scarab This is an actual 3D scan of an Egyptian royal scarab from the Second Intermediate Period. The Deshret Crowns facing each other at top indicate the person whom this scarab represents ruled over Lower Egypt. (North) The winged sun symbol in the middle is a typical sign of royalty in Egypt, Israel, Babylon, Assyrian, and other cultures in the Ancient Near East. — Egypt ca. 1650-1550BC Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Intermediate files used for generating co-register result on the Xenium Breast Cancer Dataset with Giotto Suite
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
WOMBAT: A fully Bayesian global flux-inversion framework, version 1 (intermediate files)
<p>Code for reproducing the results of the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04004">WOMBAT v1 paper</a> is available on <a href="https://github.com/mbertolacci/wombat-paper">Github</a>. However, fully reproducing the results takes a very long time because of the need to run an atmospheric chemical transport model. To ease this, this dataset contains intermediate files comprising the outputs of the model. These can be used to run the flux inversions; instructions can be found on the code repository.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.