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132 results for “large carnivores”
Data from: The comparative effects of large carnivores on the acquisition of carrion by scavengers
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Data from: Evaluating noninvasive genetic sampling techniques to estimate large carnivore abundance
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Distribution of large carnivores in Europe 2012 - 2016: Distribution maps for Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, Grey wolf, and Wolverine
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Data from: Phantoms of the forest: legacy risk effects of a regionally extinct large carnivore
The increased abundance of large carnivores in Europe is a conservation success, but the impact on the behavior and population dynamics of prey species is generally unknown. In Europe, the recolonization of large carnivores often occurs in areas where humans have greatly modified the landscape through forestry or agriculture. Currently, we poorly understand the effects of recolonizing large carnivores on extant prey species in anthropogenic landscapes. Here, we investigated if ungulate prey species showed innate responses to the scent of a regionally exterminated but native large carnivore, and whether the responses were affected by human-induced habitat openness. We experimentally introduced brown bear Ursus arctos scent to artificial feeding sites and used camera traps to document the responses of three sympatric ungulate species. In addition to controls without scent, reindeer scent Rangifer tarandus was used as a noncarnivore, novel control scent. Fallow deer Dama dama strongly avoided areas with bear scent. In the presence of bear scent, all ungulate species generally used open sites more than closed sites, whereas the opposite was observed at sites with reindeer scent or without scent. The opening of forest habitat by human practices, such as forestry and agriculture, creates a larger gradient in habitat openness than available in relatively unaffected closed forest systems, which may create opportunities for prey to alter their habitat selection and reduce predation risk in human-modified systems that do not exist in more natural forest systems. Increased knowledge about antipredator responses in areas subjected to anthropogenic change is important because these responses may affect prey population dynamics, lower trophic levels, and attitudes toward large carnivores. These aspects may be of particular relevance in the light of the increasing wildlife populations across much of Europe.
Data from: Structural habitat predicts functional dispersal habitat of a large carnivore: how leopards change spots
Natal dispersal promotes inter-population linkage, and is key to spatial distribution of populations. Degradation of suitable landscape structures beyond the specific threshold of an individual's ability to disperse can therefore lead to disruption of functional landscape connectivity and impact metapopulation function. Because it ignores behavioral responses of individuals, structural connectivity is easier to assess than functional connectivity and is often used as a surrogate for landscape connectivity modeling. However using structural resource selection models as surrogate for modeling functional connectivity through dispersal could be erroneous. We tested how well a second-order resource selection function (RSF) models (structural connectivity), based on GPS telemetry data from resident adult leopard (Panthera pardus L.), could predict subadult habitat use during dispersal (functional connectivity). We created eight non-exclusive subsets of the subadult data based on differing definitions of dispersal to assess the predictive ability of our adult-based RSF model extrapolated over a broader landscape. Dispersing leopards used habitats in accordance with adult selection patterns, regardless of the definition of dispersal considered. We demonstrate that, for a wide-ranging apex carnivore, functional connectivity through natal dispersal corresponds to structural connectivity as modeled by a second-order RSF. Mapping of the adult-based habitat classes provides direct visualization of the potential linkages between populations, without the need to model paths between a priori starting and destination points. The use of such landscape scale RSFs may provide insight into predicting suitable dispersal habitat peninsulas in human-dominated landscapes where mitigation of human–wildlife conflict should be focused. We recommend the use of second-order RSFs for landscape conservation planning and propose a similar approach to the conservation of other wide-ranging large carnivore species where landscape-scale resource selection data already exist.
Fig. 1 in Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian peninsula
Fig. 1. Landmark configuration on a mandible of Canis lupus, BMNH 34.6.28.47.
Fig. 2 in Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian peninsula
Fig. 2. Plot of the first three RWs in a subset of 57 mandibular corpus data of large carnivores.
Data from: Phantoms of the forest: legacy risk effects of a regionally extinct large carnivore
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Data from: Structural habitat predicts functional dispersal habitat of a large carnivore: how leopards change spots
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Figure 2 in Tyrannosaurus en pointe: allometry minimized rotational inertia of large carnivorous dinosaurs
Figure 2. RI versus body mass in carnivorous archosaurs. Grey bands indicate the range of changes in RI magnitudes when computed with body widths that were 110% and 90% of the original models.
Figure 1. Dorsal and lateral 3D in Tyrannosaurus en pointe: allometry minimized rotational inertia of large carnivorous dinosaurs
Figure 1. Dorsal and lateral 3D views of carnivorous archosaur body models. The theropods Coelophysis, Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus (bottom to top, at right) span three orders of magnitude in body mass, and exhibit increasing concentration of body mass about the hips and trunk regions with increasing body size. The quadrupedal rauisuchian Saurosuchus (lower left) has a narrow, shallow body, and only half the axial body mass of the comparably long Allosaurus (table 1). These differences in body shape have important consequences for RI and agility. Scale bar, 2 m.
Data from: Conservation implications of sex-specific landscape suitability for a large generalist carnivore
Aim: Terrestrial mammal distribution models typically do not differentiate between sexes when making spatial predictions, which could have important conservation implications. As male carnivores are usually more risk tolerant and travel longer distances, male potential range should be larger and include more human modified areas than female range. To evaluate if differences between females and males could influence their conservation planning, we quantified sex-specific suitable range for a recolonizing population of American black bears (Ursus americanus). Location: We applied this method in Missouri, USA. Methods: We collected telemetry data from 57 females and 43 male bears from 2010 to 2018. We used three machine-learning methods (generalized boosted regression, random forest, and Maximum entropy) to develop sex-specific distribution models, which were combined into a weight-averaged ensemble model, and converted into a binary (presence/absence) model using an optimized threshold. We used 80% of individuals for each sex as training data, and 20% as evaluation data. Results: All models had high predictive performance; the greatest uncertainty in model predictions corresponded with the periphery of the distributions, whereas there was high agreement in the core distribution. Male suitable range was 66% larger than female range, and males were predicted to occur in more human-modified areas and more likely to be present in developed land and agriculture. Main conclusions: Distribution models based on data from both sexes, or that is male-biased, could overestimate the female (i.e. reproductive) range and potentially misrepresent the biologically relevant species distribution. This bias can potentially lead to misguided decisions and suboptimal use of resources. By improving models when sex-specific data is available, we can better focus resources in areas where there is reproductive potential, leading to more accurate assessments of species' conservation status and better identifying areas vital for species persistence.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.